CT and MR imaging of desmoplastic fibroblastoma

Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) developing as a slowly enlarging lower abdominal mass is described. The lesion had inhomogeneous low signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, and mixed SI as low SI within high SI on T2-weighted images. On post-contrast T1-weighted images, the mass showed inhomogeneous enhancement. Histologically, the areas showing low SI on both post-contrast T1- and T2-weighted images consisted of dense collagenous components and reduced cellularity compared with the areas showing high SI on them.     

Cranial fasciitis in an adult: CT and MR imaging findings

Cranial fasciitis is a rare bone lesion in childhood. We report the first case in an adult, with CT and MR imaging, and suggest some diagnostic keys. Received: 5 August 1998; Revision received: 6 November 1998; Accepted: 25 November 1998     

PET/CT and MR imaging in myeloma

Myeloma is the most common primary bone malignancy. It accounts for 10% of all hematological malignancies and 1% of all cancers. In the United States, there are an estimated 16,000 new cases and over 11,000 deaths yearly due to myeloma. Plasma cell dyscrasias manifest themselves in a variety of forms that range from MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) and smoldering myeloma that require no therapy, to the “malignant” form of multiple myeloma. The role of imaging in the management of myeloma includes: an assessment of the extent of intramedullary bone disease, detection of any extramedullary foci, and severity of the disease at presentation; the identification and characterization of complications; subsequent assessment of disease status. This review will focus on the use of PET/CT and MR imaging for myeloma patients at the time of initial diagnosis and for follow-up management, based on current reports in the literature and our practice at the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore, USA.     

Aortitis with antiphospholipid antibodies: CT and MR findings

Two cases of aortitis associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are reported. Only CT and MR imaging were able to show these unusual form of aortitis preferentially affecting the outer aortic tunics. We conclude that aortitis could be a new manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and the initial pathological process before the development of aortic thrombosis, reported as a classical complication of APS. Received 11 August 1997; Revision received 8 January 1998; Accepted 4 February 1998     

Evaluation of patellar cartilage surface lesions: comparison of CT arthrography and fat-suppressed FLASH 3D MR imaging

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of fat-suppressed fast low-angle shot (FLASH) 3D MR imaging in the detection of patellar cartilage surface lesions in comparison with CT arthrography. Fifty patients, with or without symptoms of chondromalacia, were prospectively examined by CT arthrography and fat-suppressed 3D gradient-echo MR imaging. All MR examinations were evaluated by three observers, two of them reaching a consensus interpretation. The lesions were graded according to their morphology and their extent. The CT arthrography was considered as the reference examination. For both sets of observers, the final diagnosis of chondromalacia was obtained in 92.5 %. The specificity was 60 % on a patient-by-patient basis. Fissures were missed in 83 and 60 %, respectively, but were isolated findings only in 2.5 % of the cases. Considering ulcers involving more than 50 % of the cartilage thickness, 65 and 88 %, respectively, were recognized. Fat-suppressed FLASH 3D is an adequate pulse sequence for the detection of patellar cartilage ulcers. It can be applied on a routine clinical basis, but it does not show as many fissures as CT arthrography and is less precise for grading of lesions. Received 30 July 1997; Revision received 23 December 1997; Accepted 29 December 1997     

Nasopharyngeal teratoma: CT and MR findings

Teratomas of the nasopharynx occur usually in neonates. We present a case of teratoma which was discovered in an adult, and which relapsed after 34 years. The conventional radiograms, CT, MR, and histologic appearances are described. Received 3 January 1996; Revision received 1 March 1996; Accepted 4 March 1996     

鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤的临床、病理及MRI对比分析

目的 研究鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤的临床、病理及ＭＲＩ表现,并进行对比分析及鉴别诊断。方法 选取经临床及病理证实的鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤３５例,均行ＭＲＩ扫描,男２２例,女１３例,采用美国ＧＥＳｉｇｎａ１．５Ｔ或０．５Ｔ超人振扫描仪,结果 鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤在３５￣４５岁发病率最高,２４例有视野改变;２７例位于鞍上,１４例长入第３脑室,肿瘤直径在１２￣５６ｍｍ之间。肿瘤呈呈类圆莆１０例,边缘不规则型或分叶型     

Nocardial adrenal abscess: CT and MR findings

To our knowledge, four bacterial adrenal abscesses in adults have already been reported in the international literature, but an adrenal Nocardia abscess has never been described previously. In this report the CT and MR imaging appearances and the differential diagnosis of the entity are discussed. The mass could resemble a malignancy. The observation of a rapid growth and colliquation of the mass helped in distinguishing it from a malignancy. The associated pulmonary infection provided a further clue to the diagnosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. Received 13 January 1997; Revision received 16 April 1997; Accepted 23 April 1997     

Infrasellar craniopharyngioma

Summary A rare case of infrasellar craniopharyngioma mainly occupying the paranasal sinuses, the infratemporal fossa and the skull base is presented. The patient had been treated by an otolaryngologist as a case of mucocele of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses because the biopsy specimens obtained at endonasal surgery failed to confirm the true diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) showed multilobulated low density cysts in the paranasal sinuses, infratemporal fossa and skull base, and the cyst wall was enhanced. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed the cysts to have high intensity in both T1-and T2-weighted images, and excellent three-dimensional visualization was obtained. Characteristic motor-oil-like fluid was aspirated during transnasal surgery and the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was confirmed by histological examination.     

Postoperative follow-up of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas: assessment by CT scan and MR imaging

The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological findings after surgical removal of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA). The postoperative CT and MRI scans of ten patients were reviewed. The cured group included six patients. The non-controlled group included six patients with eight recurrences. Two patients belonged to both groups as they were also followed and cured after surgery for relapse. Four recurrences were asymptomatic and diagnosed by imaging. The imaging patterns were matched to the patients clinical status and endoscopic findings. In the cured group, non-enhanced residual soft tissue masses were seen in all cases. In the non-controlled group, recurrence was always demonstrated on early postoperative CT or MR as a dramatically enhanced mass. The recurrence was located in the lateral or superior aspect of the nasopharynx (n = 3), deep to the fossa of Rosenmuller (n = 4) or out of the nasopharynx (n = 1). In two cases a remaining enhanced mass disappeared spontaneously on iterated examinations. Because of numerous asymptomatic relapses, a radiological workup is recommended four months after surgery, even in patients with normal endoscopy, to rule out posterolateral or extranasopharyngeal recurrences. Spontaneous evolution of residual masses must be appreciated on iterated imaging examinations. Received 18 February 1997; Revision received 14 July 1997; Accepted 22 September 1997     

Aortic stenosis: evaluation with multidetector CT angiography and MR imaging

Aortic valvular stenosis (AS) is the most common valve disease which results in the need for a valve replacement. Although a Doppler echocardiography is the current reference imaging method, the multidetector computerized tomograpghy (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have recently emerged as a promising method for noninvasive valve imaging. In this study, we briefly describe the usefulness and comparative merits of the MDCT and MRI for the evaluation of AS in terms of valvular morphology (as the causes of AS), quantification of aortic valve area, pressure gradient of flow (for assessment severity of AS), and the evaluation of the ascending aorta and cardiac function (as the secondary effects of AS). The familiarity with the MDCT and MRI features of AS is considered to be helpful for the accurate diagnosis and proper management of patients with a poor acoustic window.     

颅咽管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨CT和MRI诊断颅咽管瘤的价值。材料与方法63例经病理证实的颅咽管瘤,全部行CT检查,23例行MR扫描。结果肿瘤最大径2.0～9.0m,累及鞍上49例、鞍内3例、鞍上鞍内联合受累11例;囊性肿瘤38例,囊实性20例,实性5例。结论依据肿瘤的CT和MRI特征,大多数颅咽管瘤能得到正确诊断,CT对诊断有困难者MRI有很大的帮助。     

儿童头颈部横纹肌肉瘤的CT及MR影像学特点

 目的 探讨儿童头颈部横纹肌肉瘤(rhabdomyosarcoma,RMS)的CT及MR影像学特点。方法 回顾性分析29例病理证实的儿童头颈部RMS的影像学资料,其中23例行MRI检查,18例行CT检查。结果 10例发病部位位于鼻咽部,4例位于鼻腔及鼻窦,5例位于鼻翼部,3例位于颌面部,6例位于耳部,1例位于左侧颞下窝。肿瘤形态不规则,呈浸润性生长,多侵蚀破坏邻近骨质。CT图像病灶密度不均匀,瘤体内均无钙化。MR检查T₁WI呈等或稍低信号,T₂WI呈稍高信号,信号不均匀,增强后瘤灶明显不均匀强化。8例侵犯眼眶,13例进入并侵犯鼻腔,14例侵犯副鼻窦,15例侵犯颞骨乳突,12例侵犯颞骨岩部,14例突破颅底,累及硬脑膜,同时4例侵犯邻近脑组织,2例发生脑脊液转移。结论 儿童头颈部RMS好发于脑膜旁区。CT能够很好地显示肿瘤对周围骨质结构的破坏,而MR能更清楚显示肿瘤软组织受累范围,两者结合可提供更全面的影像信息。     

Bilateral hydatid cyst of pulmonary arteries: MR and CT findings

The location of hydatid cysts inside pulmonary arteries has been reported only on rare occasions in the literature and is caused, in the majority of cases, by embolization due to the rupture of hydatid cysts located in the heart; more rarely, hematogenous dissemination from a hepatic focus is the cause. We report a case of a 44-year-old patient with hydatid cysts located in both the right and left pulmonary arteries, whose first clinical reference was hemoptysis. The patient had undergone surgery because of a hepatic hydatid cyst 5 months previously. The importance of this case lies in the infrequent bilateral location in both pulmonary arteries and in the absence of intracardiac hydatid cysts. Received 30 October 1997; Accepted 21 December 1997     

颅咽管瘤的MRI表现及病理分析

目的：分析颅咽管瘤的MRI及病理表现,探讨MRI对颅咽管瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析56例术前颅脑MRI平扫及增强扫描并经手术病理证实为颅咽管瘤的病例资料,分析其MRI及相关病理表现。结果：颅咽管瘤发生于鞍上20例,鞍内及鞍上30例,鞍内2例,鞍旁2例,桥前池1例,颞顶叶1例。病变囊性25例,囊实性26例,实性5例。囊性部分多呈长T1、长T2信号,实性部分多表现为等T1、等T2信号;Gd-DTPA增强扫描后,囊性部分的囊壁多呈弧形或环形强化,实性部分不均匀明显强化。17例有详细的病理资料,其中成釉质细胞型颅咽管瘤13例,鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤2例,混合型颅咽管瘤2例。结论：颅咽管瘤的MRI表现具有一定的特点,其信号特征多样性与其病理成分具有一定的相关性,MRI具有很高的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

基于Piella指数优化的CT和MR图像融合

目的 实现CT与MR图像融合,帮助医生做出准确的诊断和治疗.方法 将Piella指数最大化作为图像融合目标,通过滑动窗对配准后的原始图像分块,将每一个图像块字典编纂为列向量;通过优化算法更新图像块加权向量,使Piella指数最大;根据加权向量合并相对应的图像块,并整理得到融合图像.结果 仿真实验对20组CT和MR图像进...     

Kinematic CT and MR imaging of the patellofemoral joint

Anterior knee pain is a frequently encountered orthopedic symptom and is often associated with patellofemoral malalignment, which may cause chondromalacia of the patella. The difficulty in determining the patellar position between 0 ° and 30 ° of knee flexion with a conventional axial radiographic examination is well known. The introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the diagnosis of knee joint abnormalities has enabled assessment of the patellar position in this critical range. More recently, emphasis has been placed on dynamic visualization of patellar motion to detect an abnormal tracking pattern. The important influence of the quadriceps muscle on the patellar tracking pattern is well known and has been examined during active knee extension by the use of ultrafast CT, and motion-triggered and ultrafast MR imaging. This article provides an overview of the current status of kinematic CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of patellofemoral alignment, its clinical implications, and future directions. Received: 6 April 1998; Revision received: 22 July 1998; Accepted: 27 July 1998     

Castleman disease: CT and MR imaging features of a retroperitoneal location in association with paraneoplastic pemphigus

We describe the CT and MRI features of a case of Castleman disease which was unusual by both its retroperitoneal location and its association with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Received: 9 July 1998; Revision received: 16 November 1998; Accepted: 12 January 1999     

MR and CT findings in a case of hibernoma of the thigh extending into the pelvis

Review of the literature shows no report of hibernoma of the thigh extending into the pelvis. Herein we report a case of hibernoma which appeared on CT and MR as a well-defined pelvic mass with contrast enhancement extending through the obturator foramen into the thigh. Fat was demonstrated by CT, whereas MR, using multiplanar sections, better analyzes the extension of the mass. This case demonstrates that hibernoma as liposarcoma can extend through the obturator foramen. However, no definite diagnosis could be made by CT or MR and the tumor must be considered as a “potential” malignant liposarcoma. Received 11 April 1997; Revision received 15 July 1997; Accepted 11 August 1997     

骶骨肿瘤的CT、MR表现及鉴别

目的：通过对骶骨肿瘤CT及MR表现的分析,提高对其影像诊断的认识。材料和方法：28例骶骨肿瘤,其中脊索瘤10例;神经源性肿瘤8例;转移瘤4例;巨细胞瘤5例;淋巴瘤1例。全部病例均行CT检查,22例行MR检查,并对其中CT、MR表现进行分析。结果：各种骶骨源性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的征象包括：软组织肿块、骶孔扩大变形,病灶内钙化及骨嵴形成,髓腔浸润,病变不同的中心位置及范围。脊索瘤、巨细胞瘤、神经源性肿瘤的MR信号有一定特点。结论：CT特别是MR可作为骶骨肿瘤的有效诊断方法。