Leadership-scholarship integration: using the Neuman systems model for 21st-century professional nursing practice

This article describes leadership and scholarship from the Neuman systems model as requisite for a true practice model necessary for 21st-century scientific professional nursing. A rationale for the integration of leadership and scholarship is provided along with markers to guide the leadership-scholarship protocol, which can be viewed as a scholarly research process. An example from a community nursing center demonstrating the application of the integration of leadership-scholarship is presented to support the proposed integration.     

A Comparative Analysis of Neuman''s Model Using the Individual and Family as the Units of Care

This paper identifies the similarities and differences between nursing an individual as client and nursing a family as client when one uses the Betty Neuman systems model as a guide to practice. Several factors contribute to the decision to initiate an individual- or a family-centered approach. Within the context of the Neuman systems model, a clinical situation illustrates several characteristics that highlight features of the two approaches.     

Improved Management of Depression Through Nursing Model Application and Critical Thinking

Nurse practitioners need to integrate nursing and medical models as they practice. This paper explores the application of the Neuman systems model and critical thinking to synthesize, analyze, and evaluate the complex and multidimensional aspects of depression from nursing and medical perspectives. An integrative approach using this model and critical thinking facilitates appropriate management. Multiple nursing diagnoses for depression are derived by Neuman systems model variables. Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions appropriate to both this model and critical thinking are recommended.     

Using the Neuman systems model for best practices

Human beings with unmet needs related to their health and illnesses are the central focus of the domain of nursing. It is proposed in this column that nurses who conduct their practice from a nursing theory base, while assisting individuals and families to meet their health needs, are more likely to provide comprehensive, individualized care that exemplifies best practices. The Neuman systems model has been widely acclaimed to guide practice, yet specific examples are few in the published literature. The purpose of this column is to present two case studies based upon Neuman systems model; one case is directed toward family care, and the other demonstrates care with an individual. Theory-based exemplars serve as teaching tools for students and practicing nurses. These case studies illustrate how nurses' actions, directed by Neuman's wholistic principles, integrate evidence-based practice and generate high quality care.     

Stressors in five client populations: Neuman systems model-based literature review

AIM: This paper reports a literature review identifying and categorizing client system stressors in Neuman systems model-based studies. BACKGROUND: To date, literature reviews related to the Neuman systems model have focused broadly on all concepts of the model. The concept of stressors has been selected by the Neuman Systems Model Research Institute as the focus for an initial collaborative research project. METHOD: Cooper's five-stage integrative review method was used: problem formulation, data collection, data evaluation, analysis and interpretation, and dissemination. The Neuman systems model research literature from 1983 to February 2005 was searched using Fawcett's Neuman systems model bibliography and a follow-up review of the CINAHL database using the keywords 'Neuman systems model' and 'stressors'. A total of 87 studies published as journal articles or book chapters between 1983 and 2005 were reviewed; 13 of the 87 studies met the definition of 'stressor studies'. FINDINGS: Stressors were identified in five client populations: caregivers, cancer survivors, ICU patients in intensive care units, care receivers, and parents whose children were undergoing day surgery. The most common data collection method was the interview, and investigator-developed interview guides were most often used. Evidence of categorization of intra-, inter- and extra-personal stressors was present. The following overall stressors were identified: burden of responsibility (caregivers); awareness of vulnerability (cancer survivors); being overwhelmed (patients in intensive care units); loss of control (parents); and frustration with role changes (care receivers). CONCLUSIONS: These data could form the basis for nursing practice as well as future research within a collaborative environment. Given the existing body of knowledge concerning Neuman system model-derived middle range theory concepts in the caregiver population, the middle-range theory of caregiver role strain could be tested empirically.     

The Neuman Systems Model Institute: testing middle-range theories

The credibility of the Neuman systems model can only be established through the generation and testing of Neuman systems model-derived middle-range theories. However, due to the number and complexity of Neuman systems model concepts/concept interrelations and the diversity of middle-range theory concepts linked to these Neuman systems model concepts by researchers, no explicit middle-range theories have yet been derived from the Neuman systems model. This article describes the development of an organized program for the systematic study of the Neuman systems model. Preliminary work, already accomplished, is detailed, and a tentative plan for the completion of further preliminary work as well as beginning the actual research conduction phase is proposed.     

纽曼系统模式在肝硬化失代偿期患者护理中的应用

目的研究纽曼系统模式用于肝硬化失代偿期患者的护理效果。方法将肝硬化失代偿期患者150例,按照随机数字表分成观察组和对照组各75例,对照组依照临床分级护理内容标准及患者自理能力评估量表进行护理,观察组在此基础上根据患者机体内外因素、人际因素等方面存在的压力源对机体弹性防线、正常防线、抵抗防线的影响,应用纽曼系统模式进行一、二、三级预防措施干预,两组均于人院时及出院后随访1年,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HRSD）、简明健康状况问卷（SF-36）中文版进行测评,比较两组患者抑郁症状、生存质量、住院时间、随访1年再住院率及病死率。结果观察组干预后HRSD评分、SF-36评分、住院时间分别为（33．4±4．1）分,（74．6±4．5）分,（10．2±3．5）d,优于对照组的（46．3±5．2）分,（56．1±5．1）分,（14．3±4．5）d,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为11．40,9．30,1．41;P〈0．05）;观察组患者随访1年再住院率、病死率分别为24％,10％,明显低于对照组的53％,24％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2分别为2．1,3．4;P〈0．01）。结论纽曼系统模式用于肝硬化患者的护理有较好的效果,该模式可在临床进一步推广和应用。     

Using conceptual models of nursing to guide nursing research: the case of the Neuman systems model

Conceptual models of nursing inform thinking and give meaning and direction to nursing research. The Neuman systems model is used to exemplify the following five steps, which provide specific direction for conceptual model-based research: (a) Develop a comprehensive understanding of the substantive content and research rules of the conceptual model, (b) review existing research guided by the conceptual model, (c) construct a conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure, (d) clearly communicate the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure, and (e) conclude the report with an evaluation of the empirical adequacy of the middle-range theory and the credibility of the conceptual model.     

Covert incivility: Challenges as a challenge in the nursing academic workplace

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a Neuman Systems Model-guided discussion of current knowledge associated with covert incivility in the nursing academic workplace.

N eum an 理论在子宫全切术后患者心理危机干预中的应用价值

目的：阐释Neuman系统模式的核心内容,探讨以Neuman理论为指导的护理方法在子宫全切术后患者心理危机干预中的应用价值。方法选取在我院妇科入住的136例子宫全切术后存在抑郁状态的患者,随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组采用根据Neuman理论设定的心理危机干预措施;对照组采取常规生活护理,并于干预前后以汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评价干预效果。结果心理干预后治疗组患者 HAMD总评分显著改善（P＜0．05）,同时,焦虑/躯体化、绝望感、认知障碍3类因子分较对照组显著改善,差异有显著意义（ P＜0．05）。结论以Neu-man理论为指导的护理方法在子宫全切术后患者心理危机干预中具有较高的应用价值,值得在各级医院护理人员中推广。     

Self-Efficacy, Change, and Optimal Client Stability

Clients seeking treatment for substance abuse frequently present with a disturbance in their self-esteem. Yet how does low self-esteem influence the process of change relating to an addiction? Self-efficacy, an aspect of self-esteem, refers to the belief in one's abilities to succeed with a task such as changing behaviors to overcome an addiction. Neuman systems model is a nursing model that can be applied to clients with disturbances in self-esteem. Prochaska and DiClemente's states of change incorporate self-efficacy as a key factor in taking action to change a behavior. A model is developed that is applicable to clients with nursing diagnoses such as self-esteem disturbances, which can be used to help the client through the process of change in the hopes of achieving abstinence from drug use, an improved ability to cope with stressors, and an increased level of health.

Self-esteem disturbance is a common nursing diagnosis applicable to clients seeking treatment for substance As a a result of our interactions with such clients, a question arises: How does low self-esteem influence the process of change relating to an addiction? In addressing this question, self-efficacy can be explored within a nursing framework and a change theory relevant to addictions. The Neuman systems model is a multidisciplinary nursing model that can be applied to clients with disturbances in self-esteem. Prochaska and DiClemente's stages of change deal specifically with changing addictive behaviors. This article develops a model that can be utilized to deal with nursing diagnoses, such as self-esteem disturbances, to facilitate a client's passage through the process of change in the hopes of achieving abstinence (or control) of drug use.     

Documentation of model-based practice: one hospital's experience

Nursing conceptual models have been useful tools to guide clinical practice. They help define nursing as well as provide a consistent and efficient means of communication within the profession. One of the greatest challenges in implementing the use of a nursing conceptual model is adjusting current documentation to reflect the model appropriately. When the Neuman Systems Model was adopted as the nursing conceptual model to be implemented at our institution, we faced this challenge. Throughout the process of implementation, various documents were revised or created, including the Pediatric Admission Database and the Neuman Process Summary. In addition, registered nurses were educated on how to improve documentation in order to better use the concepts of the model.     

应用Neuman保健系统模式开发住院患者心理压力评估工具的可行性分析

目的 探讨应用Neuman保健系统模式(Neuman systems model,NSM)发展住院患者心理压力评估工具的可行性.方法 通过理论分析、文献回顾及案例分析对发展该评估工具的可行性进行具体分析.结果 证实了NSM适用于指导心理压力评估工具的研制与开发.结论 根据NSM可以有效地对非精神科住院患者所承担的心理压力进行评估,因此,在实际工作中,适合使用该模式发展住院患者心理压力的评估工具.     

The Betty Neuman Systems Model applied to practice: a client with multiple sclerosis

The importance of nursing theories and models for the growth and development of the profession of nursing is widely acknowledged. The variety of nursing phenomena and situations demands some flexibility in the choice of specific conceptualizations to be used. This paper demonstrates the goodness of fit of the Betty Neuman Systems Model to the care of clients with multiple sclerosis. An adapted assessment tool, based on Neuman's tool, but more useful in the acute care medical setting, is used to gather data related to a woman with recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis. A nursing care plan illustrating the use of Neuman's model is generated, implemented and evaluated. The Neuman Model is demonstrated to be useful and effective in the implementation of the nursing process in this case.     

Neuman systems model used as a guide for the nursing care of an 8-year-old child with leukemia.

The Neuman Systems Model (NSM) provides a framework for holistic pediatric oncology nursing practice. In this article, an overview of NSM is given. This model is applied to an 8-year-old child with leukemia for the comprehensive assessment, planning, and evaluation of nursing care. A comprehensive list of nursing diagnoses is categorized by primary and secondary prevention.     

The Neuman Systems Model in practice. Planning phase

How do you choose and plan for the implementation of a conceptual model for professional nursing practice? This article discusses one institution's experience with the Neuman Systems Model. The process discussed in this article will serve as a guide for other nursing administrators considering this significant undertaking.     

King and Neuman: in search of the nursing paradigm

There is a wellspring of support within the nursing profession for the development of a true nursing paradigm, based on a unified theory to support practice, to advance the professional status of nursing in a changing health care environment. In this, the preparadigm stage of nursing, there are at least 125 theories, many of them viable. Prominent among them are those of King and Neuman. The King theory is rooted in the effectiveness of human interaction between nurse and patient to set and achieve health goals. The Neuman theory is a stress-oriented system espousing the development of patient defences and resistance. The similarities outnumber the differences between the two. Both seek a conceptual foundation upon which the profession may be structured to achieve its highest ideals.