内镜套扎联合中西药治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床研究

[目的]探讨内镜套扎联合中西药治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)的临床疗效。[方法]选取2010年1月～2015年1月我院收治的90例肝硬化EVB患者,按照随机数字表法分为3组,A组为单纯西药组,B组为内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术(EVL)联合西药组,C组为EVL联合中西药组,观察2组患者止血效果、血流动力学及肝纤维化变化、曲张静脉消失率与不良反应。[结果]EVL术前止血率C组明显高于A、B组,B、C 2组EVL术后止血率明显高于A组,早期再出血率C组明显低于A、B组(P0.05),而A、B组EVL术前止血率及3组迟发再出血率、死亡率比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后C组门静脉主干血管及Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽均明显低于A、B组(P0.05);C组曲张静脉消失率明显高于A、B组(P0.05);3组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。[结论]EVL联合中西药治疗肝硬化EVB患者止血效果显著,提高曲张静脉消失率,无显著不良反应。     

卡维地洛或普萘洛尔联合内镜下套扎治疗肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血的疗效观察

目的探讨卡维地洛与普萘洛尔分别联合内镜下套扎治疗肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血的疗效及安全性。方法选取2011年3月至2016年3月我院收治的肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血患者120例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为A、B两组,各60例。A组患者使用卡维地洛联合内镜下套扎治疗,B组患者使用普萘洛尔联合内镜下套扎治疗。对治疗效果、再出血发生率以及不良反应等指标进行考察比较。结果 A组治疗效果显著优于B组(P0.05)。A组治疗后24个月时再出血发生率为21.67%,远远低于B组的38.33%(P0.05)。A组不良反应发生率明显低于B组(P0.05)。结论卡维地洛联合内镜下套扎治疗肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张出血具有良好的疗效及安全性,值得临床推广应用。     

急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的比较

目的比较食管静脉曲张破裂出血急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对210例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,急诊情况下行内镜下套扎或硬化治疗,并分析比较两组急诊止血成功率、近期再出血率、急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率、不良反应、并发症、病死率等情况。结果急诊止血成功率套扎组达95.4%,硬化组达96.0%;近期再出血率分别为4.8%和4.1%;套扎组急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率明显优于硬化组（P〈0.01）。两组不良反应、并发症及病死率无差别。临床疗效与肝功能呈正相关。结论急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张出血均为有效、安全的止血方法。临床上可结合患者实际情况综合考虑后选择。     

抗生素在食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血治疗中的疗效观察

[目的]观察抗生素对食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效.[方法]将48例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各24例.对照组给予质子泵抑制剂和生长抑素和（或）垂体后叶素等止血,治疗组在对照组的基础上再加用抗生素.比较2组患者的止血率、早期再出血率及死亡率.[结果]治疗组中24h内16例出血停止,48h内20例出血停止,72h内23例出血停止,14d内再次出血1例,死亡1例;对照组中24h内16例出血停止,,48h内18例出血停止,72h内20例出血停止,14d内2例再出血,死亡3例.[结论]食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血在常规治疗的基础上加用抗生素治疗,可提高早期止血率,降低早期再出血率,降低死亡率.     

内镜下急诊套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床研究

[目的]探讨内镜下急诊套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效及安全性。[方法]选择2010年10月～2013年12月的69例食管静脉曲张出血患者,在急诊状态下行内镜套扎治疗,观察疗效、并发症、再出血率及套扎术对生命体征的影响。[结果]急诊止血成功率98.6%（68例）、并发症发生率1.4%（1例）、近期再出血率4.3%（3例）,套扎术过程对血压、心率、呼吸等生命体征无明显影响。[结论]急诊食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血是一种有效、安全、快捷的止血方法。     

内镜下食管静脉套扎术联合注射组织黏合剂治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血效果分析

目的探讨内镜下食管静脉套扎术联合注射组织黏合剂治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者的临床效果。方法选取2015年2月至2016年7月我院收治的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者214例为研究对象,根据患者及其家属意愿将患者分为A组(内镜下行食管静脉套扎术治疗,114例)、B组(内镜下注射组织黏合剂治疗,52例)和C组(内镜下行食管静脉套扎术联合注射组织黏合剂治疗,48例)。比较三组患者一次性止血成功率;随访6个月,比较三组患者再出血发生率及治疗总有效率。结果三组患者一次性止血成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后随访6个月,A组和B组患者再出血发生率、治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),C组患者再出血发生率显著低于A组和B组患者(P0.05),治疗总有效率显著高于A组和B组患者(P0.05)。结论内镜下行食管静脉套扎术、内镜下注射组织黏合剂两者联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者,与采用单一方法治疗比较能更有效地降低患者再出血发生率,提高治疗总有效率。     

内镜套扎联合硬化剂夹心法治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的远期疗效观察

[目的]探讨内镜下静脉曲张套扎同时应用硬化剂夹心法(套扎-硬化-套扎即EVL-EVS-EVL)治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。[方法]对23例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者采用夹心法治疗,每条曲张静脉结扎皮圈不超过3个,并在2个结扎点之间的曲张静脉内注射l~3ml硬化剂。其中10例在首次内镜治疗时接受食管静脉造影检查。于治疗后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月胃镜随访,了解静脉曲张变化情况,记录患者不良反应及并发症。[结果]10例行静脉造影检查中7例硬化剂在曲张静脉内滞留时间超过40min。夹心法控制活动性食管静脉曲张出血的止血成功率为100%,静脉曲张消除率为86.9%(20/23),再出血发生率为8.6%(2/23),随访期内静脉曲张复发率为13.0%(3/23)。[结论]夹心法能使硬化剂在曲张静脉内滞留较长时间,在一次治疗后能有效提高静脉曲张消除率,降低再出血率及静脉曲张复发率,是内镜下治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的较理想选择。     

急诊内镜下套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血

目的 总结急诊内镜下紧急套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的经验。方法 对84例食管静脉曲张破裂出血病人在急诊情况下紧急内镜下套扎，观察止血效果。结果 急诊止血成功率98.8％，术中无并发症发生，近期再出血率4.76％。结论 急诊EVI，治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血是一种安全、有效、快捷的止血方法。     

内镜下硬化剂注射加食管球囊压迫治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的探讨内镜下硬化剂注射加食管球囊压迫治疗食管静脉曲张出血的疗效及安全性。方法收集我院消化科2009年至2013年收治的101例食管静脉曲张破裂出血进行内镜下硬化剂注射加食管球囊压迫止血及食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎止血的患者,观察其止血成功率,静脉曲张消失率,近再出血率及并发症发生率,进行回顾性对比分析。结果硬化剂加食管球囊压迫组,止血成功率92.9%,近期再出血率为7.14%,静脉曲张消失率和基本消失率为85.7%,总并发症发生率9.5%。套扎组,止血成功率为89.8%。近期再出血率11.9%。静脉曲张消失率和基本消失率为81.4%。总并发症发生率为11.9%。两组在止血成功率,静脉曲张消失率,近再出血率及总并发症发生率比较(P0.05),无显著性差异。结论内镜下硬化剂注射加食管球囊压迫治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血有效、安全、可靠。但其内镜操作是较为繁琐,有待于进一步改进。     

胃镜下血管套扎联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的临床观察

目的探讨胃镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术联合生长抑素针治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的临床效果。方法肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血病人分两组,各30例。观察组采用血管套扎联合生长抑素治疗,对照组只用药物治疗,观察治疗后两组病人的远期疗效及并发症情况。结果观察组止血成功率93.3%,明显高于对照组的66.7%,而再出血率3.3%,则低于对照组13.3%,均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胃镜下食管静脉曲张套扎联合生长抑素针剂治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血安全可靠,并发症少,利于临床推广。     

燕滨扶正胶囊治疗代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化临床疗效观察研究

目的 研究中药燕滨扶正胶囊治疗肝硬化（代偿期或失代偿期）临床疗效。方法 选择代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化患者41例,随机分为治疗组（21例）及对照组（20例）。治疗组给予燕滨扶正胶囊1500 mg/次,口服,2次/日。对照组给予扶正化瘀胶囊2500 mg/次,3次/日。两组疗程均为48周。两组依据病情给予抗病毒,护肝降酶、对症支持等一般治疗（替比夫定、甘利欣、消炎利胆片、茵栀黄胶囊等）,观察两组患者症状、血常规、肝功能、门静脉宽度、腹水、肝脏及脾脏形态。结果 中药燕滨扶正胶囊联合抗病毒药物可使代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化患者门静脉宽度、脾肿大回缩或复常,可使纤维化指标复常或大幅下降且肝脏功能好转或复常。结论 燕滨扶正胶囊可改善肝硬化。     

Tryptophan degradation increases with stage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Immune system activation is known to be involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ in various cells, including monocytes, induces the enzyme indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO), which converts tryptophan to kynurenine. In sera of 22 patients (17 women and 5 men) with RA stages 1 to 4 according to Steinbrocker, the concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. To estimate IDO activity, the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (kyn/trp) was calculated. In parallel, concentrations of the macrophage activation marker neopterin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tryptophan concentrations were lower in patients with RA, and the decrease in serum tryptophan correlated with increase in stage (p<0.05). Kyn/trp correlated well with neopterin concentrations, which were elevated in most patients. Whereas higher C-reactive protein concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were observed in patients with greater disease activity, tryptophan and neopterin concentrations did not differ between patients with different subjective disease activity graded by the physician. Deficiency of the essential amino acid tryptophan in patients with RA most likely results from immune activation involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. It could also be relevant for the mood of patients, as tryptophan is the precursor of serotonin.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma in a male patient with early stage (stage I) primary biliary cirrhosis

The true incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains undetermined due to limited epidemiological studies and some conflicting results. Some studies indicated that in PBC, male gender, cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) superinfection, and history of blood transfusion are associated with the development of HCC, and the occurrence of HCC in the early stage of PBC is rare. We present herein a 75-year-old male patient with stage I PBC who developed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, followed by HCC and duodenal adenocarcinoma without hepatitis B or C virus infection. While it could be argued that the concurrence of HCC and stage I-PBC in our patient was coincidental, patients with early stage PBC should be strictly followed up as cirrhotic patients with PBC by monitoring the serum concentration of tumor markers for HCC and appropriate imaging methods.     

VATS decortication in patients with stage 3 empyema

We present here a technique for VATS decortication in patients with stage 3 empyema. It was undertaken with satisfactory outcomes in a limited number of patients. In our technique, the fibrous peel at the surface of the lung is completely removed via two or three incisions without parietal decortication. We believe that our technique will be improved with increased experience and may be an alternative to open thoracotomy and decortication in a selected group of stage 3 empyema patients.     

Neoadjuvant therapy with celecoxib to women with early stage breast cancer

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is preferentially expressed in breast cancer cells compared to normal breast tissue. COX-2 inhibitors are, therefore, potential therapeutic options for patients with breast cancer. Women newly diagnosed with non metastatic breast cancer were enrolled into the study after undergoing a diagnostic core needle biopsy. Patients received celecoxib treatment at 400 mg orally twice a day for 14 days, and then underwent surgical excision of their tumor. Core biopsies obtained at the time of initial diagnostic procedure and surgical excision specimens were stained for Ki-67, as well as COX-2 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression (as an apoptosis marker). Appropriate negative and positive controls were included. We assessed the difference in Ki-67, COX-2 and cleaved PARP expression levels, before and after treatment using the Wilcoxon's matched-pair ranks test and the McNemar's test with continuity correction. Sixteen patients were enrolled. The median age was 54 years. ER and/or PR expression was present in 81% of tumors; Her-2 neu overexpression was present in 25%. No significant change in COX-2 or cleaved PARP expression was noticed in the post intervention specimen compared to the core biopsies. Surprisingly, there was a significant increase in the Ki-67 expression (p < 0.009). This short term prospective study was conducted to assess the effects of celecoxib, on the proliferative and apoptotic indexes in patients with early stage breast cancer. We have found an increase in the Ki-67 activity, with no significant down regulation of COX-2 or increase in cleaved PARP expression with 14 days of therapy. This could be partly due to the small sample size.     

Long-term survival with stage IV poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BackgroundMetastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a poor outcome despite the use of various chemotherapy regimes.Case outlineA 57-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of generalised abdominal pain associated with weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large tumour in the head and body of pancreas, and needle biopsy confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopy revealed liver metastases in both lobes, again histologically shown to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Six cycles of cisplatin, epirubicin and infusional 5-fluorouracil were given. Five years later the patient remains completely well. Repeat CT scans show a complete radiological response.DiscussionPrevious studies using numerous chemotherapy regimes have not significantly altered the outcome of pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge this is the longest surviving case of a patient with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma (stage IV) of the pancreas treated with chemotherapy.     

37例急性心肌梗死早期康复临床观察

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）无并发症病人早期康复护理对促进心肌功能恢复，预防病情复发，提高生活质量，避免长期卧床的并发症及缩短住院日期的作用。方法：将57例无并发症的AMI患随机分为两组：实验组37例，对照组20例。对于实验组，制定康复运动处方、观察指标、康复程序暂停指标，按无并发症AMI康复程序实施早期康复护理。对照组实施传统护理方法。结果：实验组；住院日6－34日（平均20）日，≥20天18例，占49％，＜2天19例，占51％，对照组：住院日15－113（平均48日），≥20天17例，占85％，＜20天3例；两组平均住院日有显差异（P＜0．05），早期康复护理使无并发症AMI患平均住院日数由传统治疗护理时的48天下降至20天，结论：早期康复护理是无并发症AMI病人的有效护理方法之一。     

终末期肾病患者脂质过氧化水平的变化

目的 :研究慢性终末期肾病 (ESRD)脂质过氧化状况及肾替代治疗对其的影响。　 方法 :观察对象分为正常对照组、慢性肾功能不全非透析 (CRF)组、持续性不卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)组和血液透析 (HD)组 ;测定各组以及HD前后血浆丙二醛 (MDA)、脂氢过氧化物 (LOOH)含量和血浆抗氧化型LDL抗体 (anti oxLDLAb)水平。　 结果 :ESRD患者血浆MDA、LOOH和anti oxLDLAb水平均比正常对照组明显升高 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ;CRF组血浆MDA、LOOH和anti oxLDLAb水平与SCr浓度呈正相关 (P均 <0 0 1) ,与Ccr呈负相关 (P均 <0 0 1) ;CAPD组血浆MDA含量比CRF组显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;HD组血浆MDA、LOOH和anti oxLDLAb水平均比CRF组明显增高 ,MDA和LOOH浓度比CAPD组明显升高 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ;单次HD前后上述指标无明显变化 (P均 >0 0 5 )。　 结论 :ESRD患者脂质过氧化反应增强 ,并随肾功能恶化而加重 ,HD可能进一步加剧这种病理生理改变。