PCI围术期联合腺苷与盐酸替罗非班对老年STEMI患者心肌微循环及心功能的影响

目的探讨老年急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STMEI)患者在经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)围术期应用腺苷和盐酸替罗非班对心功能及心肌微循环的影响作用。方法 117例老年STMEI患者随机分为A、B、C三组各39例,在采用球囊颈扩张相关梗死动脉(IRA)后,A组给予盐酸替罗非班、B组腺苷、C组盐酸替罗非班+腺苷,比较三组术后不同时间的心肌微循环及心功能改变情况。结果 PCI术后,A、B、C三组TIMI血流分级差异不显著(P0.05),CTFC值差异显著(P0.05),A、B两组CTFC显著高于C组(P0.05)。PCI术后C组ST段回落50%例数显著高于A组、B组(P0.05);PCI术后C组磷酸肌酸同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、CK-MB峰值时间、IRA无复流均显著低于A、B两组(P0.05)。术后第7、60、180天C组左室射血分数(LVEF%)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、心脏指数(CI)测定值均显著优于A组、B组(P0.05),A组和B组LVEF%、LVEDD、LVESD、CI测定值在术后第7、60、180天差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年STMEI患者在PCI围术期应用腺苷和盐酸替罗非班对改善患者术后心功能及心肌微循环较单用腺苷或盐酸替罗非班具有更显著的疗效。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI术后ST段回落的临床研究

目的：通过观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（STEMI）直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后,梗塞相关动脉（IRA）达心肌梗塞溶栓（TIMI）血流3级患者心电图ST段回落程度,探讨ST段回落与心肌损伤及心脏收缩功能的关系。方法：选择在发病12h内接受直接PCI治疗后TIMI血流达到3级的STEMI患者115例,PCI术前、术后行心电图检查,观察ST段回落情况,术前、后测定患者肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）,术后测定左室射血分数（LVEF）;按照ST段回落幅度（∑STR）不同,患者被分为两组：A组：∑STR〈50%,21例,为心肌灌注不良组,B组：∑STD≥50%,94例,为心肌灌注良好组;分析两组患者ST段回落程度与CK、CK-MB、cTnT及LVEF的关系。结果：（1）两组患者IRA部位、病变血管支数,PCI治疗前TIMI血流分级、cTnT水平,发病到PCI时间等差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）;（2）两组患者术前、后CK、CK-MB水平差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;（3）术后A组cTnT水平明显高于B组[（1.30±0.43）μg/L∶（1.0±0.45）μg/L,P〈0.05];（4）术后A组LVEF明显低于B组[（44.13±4.83）%∶（47.93±5.23）%,P〈0.05]。结论：急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞直接PCI术后,TIMI血流达到3级,ST段回落良好的患者,心肌组织水平灌注程度较好,心肌损伤程度轻,左心收缩功能较好。     

血栓抽吸在高血栓负荷患者急诊冠脉介入治疗中的应用

目的：探讨血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中对梗死相关动脉（IRA）高血栓负荷患者的临床效果。方法：71例STEMI患者急诊PCI时冠脉造影提示IRA高血栓负荷,其中40例应用Diver CE抽吸导管对IRA内血栓进行抽吸治疗为抽吸组,31例行标准PCI为PCI对照组;观察两组无复流现象、术后1h心电图ST段回落、肌酸激酶（CK）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）的峰值、术后1周左心室射血分数（LVEF）及左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、住院期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）及出血并发症情况,并进行比较。结果：抽吸组无复流发生率明显低于PCI组（5.0%比22.6%,P〈0.05）,ST段回落率及LVEF明显高于PCI组[60.0%比32.3%、（58.0±6.4）%比（53.3±9.2）%,P均〈0.05];CK、CK-MB及LVEDd明显低于PCI组[（1692.9±394.5）U/L比（1995.1±571.5）U/L、（174.5±38.0）U/L比（203.7±65.2）U/L、（51.7±4.1）mm比（54.2±5.2）mm,P均〈0.05],两组住院期间MACE发生率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：在高血栓负荷的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中,应用Diver CE抽吸导管能有效减少梗死相关血管内血栓负荷,改善术后即刻心肌灌注,减少无复流现象的发生。     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中应用血栓抽吸导管的疗效观察

目的观察ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用血栓抽吸导管的疗效。方法选取2012年2月—2013年6月我院收治的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者70例,将其随机分为血栓抽吸+PCI组(A组)及常规PCI组(B组)。观察两组术中TIMI血流分级及心肌呈色分级(MBG)。结果 A组无复流发生率为5.26%(2/38),低于B组的25.0%(8/32)(P0.05)。A组心肌再灌注发生率为65.8%(25/38),高于B组的37.5%(12/32)(P0.05)。结论血栓抽吸导管应用于ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术中能明显改善患者冠状动脉TIMI血流及心肌再灌注。     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注的影响

目的:分析在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注影响.方法:首次STEMI行PCI患者80例,随机分为试验组(41例,应用抽吸导管后再行PCI),对照组(39例,直接行PCI).比较2组术后即刻计算校正TIMI计帧数和心肌Blush分级、术中慢复流现象、心电图90 min ST段下降率.在术后24 h、1周时应用心肌声学造影计算灌注对比积分指数(CSI)、室壁运动积分指数(WMSI).结果:PCI后试验组的校正TIMI计帧数明显低于对照组,Blush分级≥2级获得率高于对照组,慢复流现象减少;再通后90 min心电图相关导联ST段下降率试验组明显大于对照组(P<0.05).同时在研究的每一个时点,试验组CSI、WMSI较对照组明显降低(P<0.05).结论:在STEMI急诊行PCI中应用抽吸导管可改善梗死相关血管前向血流情况,改善心肌再灌注,减少无复流现象.     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后细胞因子变化与心肌灌注的关系

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后白细胞介素8(IL-8)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)变化与心肌灌注的关系. 方法急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者98例,接受急诊PCI治疗,于术前5 min,术后6 h、12 h、24 h分别抽取动脉血标本,采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法(ELISA)检测ICAM-1及IL-8.PCI术后1个月做双核素心肌灌注显像(DISA SPECT)检查,根据心肌灌注程度分为心肌灌注不良组、心肌灌注良好组. 结果 IL-8在PCI术前5 min两组均已呈现升高趋势(P＞0.05),术后6 h心肌灌注不良组进一步升高达峰值(P＜0.01),术后12 h、24 h心肌灌注不良组[分别为(94.3±169.9)和(44.1±27.8)ng/L]仍高于心肌灌注良好组[分别为(27.4±26.8)和(21.5±12.2)ng/L,P＜0.01和P＜0.05].两组sICAM-1在PCI术前5 min比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后6 h、12 h、24 h均持续高于心肌灌注良好组(P＜0.05). 结论 急性心肌梗死PCI术后心肌灌注不良患者血浆IL-8、sICAM-1水平明显高于心肌灌注良好者,提示细胞因子IL-8、sICAM-1参与血运重建后心肌灌注障碍的发生、发展.     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者不同时间经桡动脉行PCI的安全性和有效性

目的探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死(SETMI)患者不同时间经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的安全性和有效性。方法选取ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者连续病例100例并分为两类,即就诊时间12h内直接进行PCI的连续病例35例(A组)、溶栓后12h内进行PCI的连续病例65例(B组)。主要测定终点是PCI术后患者的心肌灌注水平,将患者在治疗期间的出血并发症发生率和规定时间内的心脏不良事件(MACE)发生情况作为次要终点事件。结果A组的IRA血栓积分偏低,而通过TIMI血流分级(TFG)和TIMI记帧(CTFC)测量的血流级别显示3级的比例高些(P0.05)。A组和B组的CTFC数值有着很大的差别,A组大于B组[(27.32±4.95)vs(31.04±9.03),P0.05],而TMPC的3级比例B组高于A组。肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值B组有下降趋势。出血并发症发生率、MACE发生率对于测定结果没有直接的影响。结论溶栓后早期经桡动脉行PCI治疗安全有效,值得临床重视。     

S T段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的预测指标

目的：评价ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者急诊冠脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注的预测指标。方法选择发病12 h内接受直接PCI治疗的STEMI患者176例,根据术后TIMI血流分级分为A组（TIMI 3级,灌注良好组）,B组（TIMI 0-2级,灌注不良组）。采用心电图ST段回落、心肌损伤标志物水平进行分析。结果灌注不良组患者心电图ST段术后1 h回落不佳;CK-MB水平B组明显高于A组（P＜0．01）,且峰值持续时间长;术后BNP水平B 组明显高于A 组（P＜0．05）;术后1周B组LVEF值明显低于A组（P＜0．05）。结论 ST段早期回落是STEMI患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的有效预测指标,与心肌损伤标志物水平升高一致。     

超负荷量氯吡格雷对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗患者心肌微循环再灌注的影响

目的:观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介人治疗(PCI)术前应用大负荷量氯吡格雷对术后心肌微循环灌注及心脏功能的影响.方法:64例成功接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为氯吡格雷300 mg组和600 mg组.比较两组间的基础临床状况和造影情况、结果以及术后心肌呈色显像(Blush)3级获得率、ST抬高总和回落百分比(sumSTR%)、心功能以及胎盘生长因子(PIGF)、可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的变化.结果:术后氯吡格雷600 mg组的Blush 3级获得率明显高于300 mg组(50.0%∶21.88%,P<0.05),ST段抬高总和回落百分比显著下降[(70.90±9.51)∶(60.70±15.06)%,P<0.05],左室射血分数(LVEF%)明显增加[(70.96±9.51)∶(65.27±9.85)%,P<0.05],PIGF较300 mg组显著下降[(14.37±1.32)∶(15.85±1.71)ng/L,P<0.05],sCD40L较300 mg组显著下降[(4.93±0.71)∶(5.68±0.77)μg/L,P<0.05].结论:急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术前给予超负荷量氯吡格雷可以改善PCI术后的心肌微循环灌注,改善心功能状况.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ变化与心肌再灌注的关系

目的:探讨高危非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介人治疗术(PCI)后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的变化与心肌再灌注的关系.方法:高危非ST段抬高的ACS的患者42例,运用TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI帧计数及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)评价肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高与心肌再灌注的关系.结果:14例患者PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高,28例患者没有升高.PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高患者的TIMI心肌灌注分级为0/1级的比例(43%)远远高于PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ没有升高患者的比例(7%)(P＜0.05).TMPG分级为0/1级患者肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的水平(5.3±2.7)mg/L远远高于TMPG分级为2/3级患者肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的水平(1.5±1.3)mg/L(P＜0.01).结论:高危非ST段的ACS患者PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高提示心肌灌注不良.     

Value of the myocardial performance index in myocardial infarction

The myocardial performance index represents an easy and reproducible parameter of both systolic and diastolic left ventricular function for the risk stratification of patients following acute myocardial infarction.     

Effects of myocardial edema on the development of myocardial interstitial fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: The mechanism by which chronic myocardial edema causes cardiac dysfunction is poorly understood. We hypothesized that myocardial edema triggers cardiac fibrosis development resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Since collagen is the most abundant constituent of the interstitial matrix, we examined the effects of edema development on cardiac collagen metabolism. METHODS: We utilized a chronic pulmonary artery banded rat model that produces right ventricular hypertrophy with myocardial edema and left ventricular edema without hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Wet to dry ratios (index of edema), collagen type I and III concentrations, prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4-H) and collagen type I and III mRNA levels, collagenase activity and transforming growth factor-beta were measured in both ventricles. RESULTS: Right and left ventricular wet to dry ratios were significantly elevated from 1 to 28 days after pulmonary artery banding compared to sham rats. Right and left ventricular collagen types I and III and P4-H mRNA levels increased significantly at 3 days followed by significant increases in right and left ventricular collagen concentration 7 days after pulmonary artery banding. Right ventricular collagenase activity increased at 3 days while left ventricular collagenase activity decreased 7 days after PA banding. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that myocardial edema preceded the observed increase in collagen deposition and that edema may have triggered increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. leading to fibrosis development.     

Assessment of myocardial contractility by the sector scanning of myocardial infarct patients

A comparative assessment of left-ventricular myocardial contractility in patients with myocardial infarction was made using sector scanning and ventriculographic techniques. Eight patients were investigated within 2-4 hours of the infarction, and twenty patients, on days 20-25 of the disease. Ultimate diastolic, ultimate systolic and stroke volumes were calculated, as was the expulsion fraction, using the mono- and biplane method and modified formula 5/6 AL. Ventriculography was the testing method. Sector scanning is shown to be one of the most informative methods of myocardial contractility assessment in patients with myocardial infarction; the formula 5/6 AL appears to yield the best information when left-ventricular volumes are computed.     

Effect of nifedipine on the myocardial and vascular response to myocardial ischemia

Summary Nifedipine reduces reactive hyperemia following brief coronary artery occlusions. To determine whether this is related to improvement in collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium or alterations in myocardial oxygen consumption, ten chloralose anesthetized dogs were instrumented with coronary sinus catheters, circumflex artery flowmeters, and ultrasonic microcrystals for measurement of myocardial segment shortening. Myocardial oxygen consumption and circumflex coronary artery flow were determined at rest and during incremental infusions of isoproterenol. Myocardial blood flow measured with microspheres and segmental function were assessed during and following 30- and 60-second coronary artery occlusions. Thirty minutes after the intravenous administration of nifedipine, 10 g/kg iv, all measurements were repeated. Nifedipine did not alter myocardial oxygen consumption or the relationship between oxygen consumption and circumflex coronary artery flow either at rest or during isoproterenol infusion. Following 60-second coronary occlusions, nifedipine reduced peak circumflex coronary artery flow (176±99 vs. 128±68 cc/min) and reactive hyperemia debt repayment (221±84 vs. 158±66%; p<0.01). Nifedipine did not alter flow to ischemic segments during coronary artery occlusions (0.16±0.10 vs. 0.19±0.13 ml/min/g mean transmural flow). Furthermore, nifedipine did not affect the severity of ischemic segment dysfunction, nor the rate of recovery of ischemic segment function following release of coronary artery occlusion. We conclude that the reduction in reactive hyperemia induced by nifedipine was not related to alterations in the severity of hypoperfusion in ischemic areas, or alterations in myocardial oxygen consumption. Reductions in reactive hyperemia produced by nifedipine did not impair recovery of mechanical function in postischemic myocardium.This study was supported in part by grants HL01162 and HL20598 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and by a grant-in-aid from the American Heart Association, Minnesota Affiliate, Inc. Dr. Homans was a fellow of the American Heart Association, Minnesota Affiliate, and recipient of National Research Service Award (HL06575) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institute of Health at the time that this work was performed.     

新生儿窒息合并心肌损害血清心肌酶变化

目的了解新生儿窒息后心脏损害和血清心肌酶变化的关系。方法选择12例窒息新生儿和10例正常新生儿于生后24h内取静脉血检测谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(-αHBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),并作心电图检查。结果窒息组生后血清AST、LDH、-αHBDH、CK、CK-MB明显高于对照组,两者差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);窒息组心电图均有各种异常改变。结论窒息新生儿通过早期监测血清心肌酶变化和心电图,可及早诊断和防治心肌损害。     

Experimental reevaluation of myocardial ondulations in the early histological diagnosis of myocardial infarct

This investigation was undertaken in order to experimentally reassess the value of myocardial waviness and stretching as early histological indicators of acute myocardial infarction. Twenty three dogs were subjected to periods of ischemia, from 30 minutes to 4 hours; wavy fibers were present in 87% and 91% of the ischemic and non-ischemic samples respectively. It is concluded that myocardial fiber waviness lacks significance as an indicator or early myocardial infarction, whose diagnosis remains a major challenge.     

Stress factors in myocardial infarct patients before the appearance of myocardial infarct

Apart from somatic risk factors and the smoking of cigarettes more attention in the development of the myocardial infarction must be ascribed to the psychosocial and psychoemotional stress and its false processing. For the judgment of the stress in patients with myocardial infarction a questionnaire was constructed. It contains those questions the answer of which showed significant differences in comparison to the persons with healthy coronary vessels. The inquiries were answered by altogether 110 patients with myocardial infarction. In order to obtain references to definite characteristics concerning the structure of the personality of our patients with myocardial infarction, we used the INR-questionnaire after B?ttcher. In either sex moments of "self-stressing" dominate. Professional conflicts were mentioned more by men, familial problems more by women. Among others, definite characteristics concerning the structure of the personality (rigidity) of patients with myocardial infarction seem to be a reason for the deficient strain under stress or they increase the sensitiveness to stress. From the results of the examinations requirements to the psychic rehabilitation of patients with infarction are derived, which must be carried out parallel to the somatic rehabilitation.