损伤控制骨科技术在儿童开放性骨盆骨折救治中的应用

[目的]探讨损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedics,DCO)技术在儿童开放性骨盆骨折救治中的应用.[方法]14例儿童开放性骨盆骨折,及时补充血容量纠正休克后,积极处理并发症,待生命体征平稳后,行骨盆骨折外固定或内固定手术.[结果]11例存活,3例死于失血性休克.术后随访1年,10例恢复行走,1例半骨盆离断患者在支具的辅助下恢复行走能力.[结论]对于儿童开放性骨折合理应用DCO是安全有效的,可以提高患儿生存率.     

不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤的损伤控制

目的探讨损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedics,DCO)技术在不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤中的应用。方法回顾性分析应用DCO技术治疗的43例不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤患者的临床资料:第一阶段用骨盆外固定支架固定不稳定型骨盆骨折,并进行其他简化手术、控制致命性大出血;第二阶段行ICU复苏治疗;第三阶段行确定性修复重建手术。结果 2例死亡,4例未随访,37例平均随访23.6月。按Matta标准评定疗效:优18例,良12例,可2例,差5例,总优良率81.1%。结论不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤病情较重,采用DOC技术有利于稳定血流动力学,提高救治成功率,降低死亡率和伤残率。     

损伤控制在重度骨盆骨折中的应用

目的探讨骨科损伤控制理论（damage control orthopaedics，DCO）在治疗重度骨盆骨折的初步临床应用结果。方法2004年8月至2007年10月应用DCO方法治疗20例重度骨盆骨折患者。其中4例以外固定支架作为终极治疗，8例前后环均不稳定的骨盆骨折以外固定支架结合股骨髁上骨牵引作为终极治疗，8例一期行外固定支架固定待患者生命体征平稳后二期采用前和／或后路切开复位内固定方法治疗。结果经平均10个月（4～18个月）的随访，20例患者有1例死亡，1例因脑挫裂伤经治后成植物人无生活质量，无内外固定失败等并发症的发生，2例出现跛行、行走痛，1例女性患者出现性交痛。结论应用DCO理论治疗重度骨盆骨折可迅速有效地抢救病人的生命，提高生存率，稳定骨折，减少并发症的发生。     

严重骨盆骨折伴多发伤院前院内一体化损伤控制救治模式的建立及临床应用

目的探讨在损伤控制骨科(DCO)理论基础上建立一套骨盆骨折伴多发伤院前院内一体化损伤控制救治模式,并总结其临床应用效果。方法自2008-03—2013-10诊治严重骨盆骨折伴多发伤37例,采用严重骨盆骨折伴多发伤院前院内一体化损伤控制救治模式进行处理。院前急救:现场应用骨盆带12例、床单捆扎18例、抗休克裤7例。院内急救:第一阶段对重要器官进行功能评估、复苏、有针对性地快速诊断,适当处理,控制创伤进一步发展;第二阶段进行ICU重症监护,积极维护呼吸循环功能,预防感染等并发症,控制全身炎症反应;第三阶段二期骨折最终行内固定手术。结果本组死亡4例,2例因骨盆骨折合并大出血休克死亡,1例脑疝死亡,1例因腹腔严重感染败血症死亡,死亡率10.8%。发生严重并发症8例,其中ARDS 2例,MODS 2例,DIC 1例,严重感染2例,败血症1例,并发症发生率21.6%。26例在病情稳定后二期行骨盆内固定手术,7例仍以原外固定架固定。结论严重骨盆骨折伴多发伤患者病死率高、并发症多、救治困难,以DCO为理论指导,加强急救体系建设,规范急救流程,多科协作,按院前院内一体化损伤控制救治模式开展救治,能切实提高救治成功率,减少并发症发生。     

骨科损伤控制在严重骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨骨科损伤控制（DCO）在严重骨盆骨折治疗中的应用及效果。方法对2004年1月～2006年1月应用DCO方法指导治疗的15例严重骨盆骨折患者进行回顾性分析，并以2003年1月～2006年1月未采用DCO方法指导治疗的15例严重骨盆骨折患者作为对照。治疗组中5例骨盆骨折以外固定支架作为终极手术治疗，10例一期行外固定支架治疗，待患者一般情况稳定后二期采用切开复位方法治疗。“开书状”骨盆前环骨折采用外固定支架临时固定，不稳定后环骨盆骨折采用骶髂螺钉、锁定加压钢板微创内固定，骨盆前后环均有严重损伤的患者采用前后路联合微创固定治疗。对照组患者均一期采用切开复位内固定术治疗。结果治疗组13例患者存活，2例死亡，其中1例死于失血性休克，1例死于多器官功能衰竭。术后并发症包括：急性呼吸窘迫综合征3例，腹腔感染1例，股骨骨折骨不连1例，骨盆外固定支架钉道感染2例。对照组10例患者存活，5例死亡，其中2例死于失血性休克，其中2例死于弥散性血管内凝血，1例死于重度感染。结论将DCO应用于严重骨盆骨折的临床治疗有利于对患者进行迅速有效的、旨在抢救生命的整体治疗，提高患者生存率，减少并发症的发生。     

损伤控制骨科理论在严重肢体骨折合并腹部创伤中的应用

背景：严重肢体骨折常合并有腹部创伤,正确的诊断和处理是提高患者生存率的重要保障。损伤控制骨科理论（DCO）符合严重肢体骨折合并腹部创伤患者的病理生理特点,正确地应用DCO理论是提高患者救治成功率的关键。目的：探讨DCO理论在严重肢体骨折合并腹部创伤中的应用。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年6月收治的38例严重肢体骨折合并腹部创伤患者的临床资料。骨折情况：单纯四肢骨折20例,骨盆骨折6例,骨盆合并四肢骨折4例,脊柱骨折4例,脊柱合并四肢骨折4例;闭合性骨折21例,开放性骨折17例。腹部损伤情况：脾破裂20例,肝破裂8例,肝脾破裂5例,肠破裂3例,肝破裂＋肠破裂1例,肝破裂＋肾破裂1例。损伤严重度（ISS）评分平均39.3分。结果：本组38例患者经DCO理论救治后死亡2例,36例患者病情稳定后行骨折确定性手术,实施确定性手术的时间为6~62 d,平均12.5 d。其中12例发生各种并发症。除2例死亡、4例失随访外,其余32例均获得随访,随访时间为10~25个月,平均15.4个月。其中28例骨折正常愈合,愈合时间为12~25周,平均21.2周;3例骨折出现延迟愈合,经石膏外固定后愈合,总愈合时间为10~12个月;1例骨折术后10个月发现骨不连,经二期手术并植骨后愈合。所有随访者均部分或完全恢复正常工作生活。结论：DCO理论符合严重肢体骨折合并腹部创伤患者的病理生理特点,尽早进行针对性的损伤控制手术和ICU复苏是实施DCO的关键,可提高严重此类患者的救治成功率。     

骨关节型创伤合并胸部损伤的伤害控制治疗

目的 探讨伤害控制在骨关节型创伤合并胸部损伤的的救治作用.方法 回顾性分析72例骨关节型创伤合并胸部损伤的治疗,分课题治疗组(DCO,骨科伤害控制组)46例及对照治疗组(ETC,早期骨折完全处理组)26例,观察致死性并发症的发生情况.结果 ETC组具有较高的致死性并发症ARDS及MODS发生,发生率46.2%(12/26),而DCO组未发生,二者有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 骨关节型创伤合并胸部损伤的病人适合伤害控制治疗,对四肢骨折和骨盆骨折应用外固定器临时固定能有效控制伤害,可降低致死性并发症ARDS及MODS的发生.     

损伤控制骨科理论在救治严重骨折伴多发伤中的应用

目的探讨严重骨折伴多发伤的防治对策以及损伤控制骨科(DCO)理论在救治严重多发伤中的应用价值、可行性和疗效。方法对2002年1月～2011年10月应用DCO理论指导救治的87例严重骨折伴多发伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果创伤早期骨折行简单清创外固定,待ICU复苏治疗后,再择期行确定性骨科内固定手术。本组死亡率6.9%(6/87),死亡病例损伤严重度评分(ISS)平均值41分,主要死于休克和合并伤。52例获随访6~20个月,骨折均顺利愈合,肢体功能恢复理想。结论完善救治体系,合理采用DCO模式治疗严重骨折伴多发伤,能降低死亡率,减少并发症,提高救治成功率。     

不稳定骨盆骨折的损伤控制

损伤控制(Damage Control)是创伤救治领域最新研究成果,对于指导严重创伤的救治具有重要意义.骨盆环损伤往往涉及多学科的协作,即使对有经验的创伤外科医生而言也是一种挑战.不稳定骨盆骨折是骨科损伤控制(damage con-trol orthopeadics,DCO)理念应用的主要领域,现综述如下.     

损伤控制骨科理论在肢体多发骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨多发骨折病人救治过程中,应用损伤控制骨科理论(DCO)进行治疗的临床体会.方法 对30例多发骨折应用DCO确定手术方式和手术时间,随访骨折愈合时间及预后.结果 本组ISS评估平均34.5分,平均随访15个月,其中6例因开放骨折急诊手术,其余24例择期手术,均完全恢复,无死亡.1例因骨折不愈合而二期植骨更换内固...     

损伤控制指导治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床分析

[目的]探讨应用骨科损伤控制理论指导治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的意义,规范不稳定型骨盆骨折的治疗。[方法]本组39例不稳定型骨盆骨折,在骨科损伤控制理论指导下,首先采取各种措施稳定生命体征,过渡性简单外固定,然后实施有效内固定恢复骨盆的稳定性。[结果]39例病人无一死亡,骨折一期愈合,所有病人均未因骨盆骨折而留有并发症或重度残疾。按Matta评定标准评价疗效,治疗组优21例,良11例,中4例,差3例,优良率82.1%,而对照组优良率51.8%。差异有显著性(x2=9.16,P<0.001)。[结论]骨科损伤控制理论对于不稳定型骨盆骨折的治疗具有肯定的指导意义,骨科损伤控制应该成为不稳定型骨盆骨折治疗的临床路径。     

经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的：通过回顾性病例分析探讨应用经皮骶髂螺钉治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的技术要点及治疗效果。方法：2002年6月至2009年8月应用骶髂螺钉固定技术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折54例,获随访46例,男32例,女14例;年龄19～64岁,平均36.4岁。受伤至手术时间7～11d,平均8.5d。所有病例有垂直移位,移位8～40mm,平均28.5mm。术前大重量牵引,复位后在透视下应用骶髂螺钉固定技术以7.3mm空心钉过髂骨、骶髂关节、达S1椎体固定。术后患者均摄X线片,按Matta标准评价骨折复位情况,采用Majeed功能评分进行临床评价。结果：46例得到随访,时间1.5～3年,平均29个月;骨折均完全愈合,平均5.2个月恢复正常生活能力。按照Matta复位标准：优40例,良6例。根据Majeed疗效评价标准：优32例,良12例,一般2例。无严重血管损伤并发症。结论：严格掌握适应证及手术方法,经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折创伤小、恢复快,效果确实,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Predictive parameters for angiography and embolization in the bleeding pelvic fracture

AimIn the bleeding pelvic fracture, decision needs to be made on definitive control of bleeding whilst resuscitation. The decision for angiography in unstable patients is difficult and this study hopes to identify the parameters that may aid in this decision.Methods121 patients with traumatic pelvic fractures were identified from June 2005 till June 2010, from the National University Hospital, Singapore. Out of these 121 patients, 15 patients who underwent angiographic evaluation were identified. 11 out of the 15 had angiography and embolization done, while the remaining 4 only had angiography done. Another group of 29 patients who had not undergone angiography were identified from the main population via age-matched criteria. Clinical parameters were compared between the 15 angiography patients and the 29 non-angiography group of patients.ResultsAngiography group had a larger proportion (80%) with contrast blush noted on contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT), a higher proportion with unstable pelvic fracture patterns as classified by Tile (80%), and Young and Burgess (92.4%) (p < 0.05). Embolized group had higher proportion (81.8%) with hematoma and with blush on CECT (100%), and higher proportion with unstable fracture patterns (UFPs) (72.7%) as classified by Tile (p < 0.05). Positive predictive value for embolization using hematoma alone is 39% while that of blush alone is 73% and unstable Tile fracture alone is 47%. Positive predictive value of combined hematoma, blush and unstable Tile fracture pattern is 75%.ConclusionSignificant predictive factors for angiogram would be unstable pelvic fracture patterns, presence of hematoma and contrast blushing on CT.     

Criteria for level 1 and level 2 trauma codes: Are pelvic ring injuries undertriaged?

AIM: To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code status.METHODS: A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed. The trauma registry was used to identify level 1 and level 2 trauma codes for each injury. The computed tomography scans in all patients were classified as stable or unstable using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Pelvic injury classifications in level 1 and level 2 groups were compared. Patient disposition at discharge in level 1 and level 2 groups were also compared.RESULTS: There were 108 level 1 and 130 level 2 blunt trauma admissions. In the level 1 group, 67% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 33% were classified as unstable. In the level 2 group, 62% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 38% were classified as unstable. level 1 trauma code was not associated with odds of having an unstable fracture pattern(OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.48-1.41, P = 0.485). In the level 1 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 33% were discharged to home, 36% to a rehabilitation facility, and 32% died. In the level 2 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 65% were discharged to home, 31% to a rehabilitation facility, and 4% died. For those with unstable pelvic fractures(n = 85), assignment of a level 2 trauma code was associated with reduced odds of death(OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.001) as compared to being discharged to home.CONCLUSION: Trauma code level assignment is not correlated with severity of pelvic injury. Because an unstable pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability, these injuries may be undertriaged.     

Is a fracture of the transverse process of L5 a predictor of pelvic fracture instability?

In the management of a pelvic fracture prompt recognition of an unstable fracture pattern is important in reducing mortality and morbidity. It is believed that a fracture of the transverse process of L5 is a predictor of pelvic fracture instability. However, there is little evidence in the literature to support this view. The aim of this study was to determine whether a fracture of the transverse process of L5 is a reliable predictor of pelvic fracture instability. We reviewed our hospital trauma database and identified 80 patients who sustained a pelvic fracture between 2006 and 2010. There were 32 women and 48 men with a mean age of 40 years (10 to 96). Most patients were injured in a road traffic accident or as a result of a fall from a height. A total of 41 patients (51%) had associated injuries. The pelvic fractures were categorised according to the Burgess and Young classification. There were 45 stable and 35 unstable fractures. An associated fracture of the transverse process of L5 was present in 17 patients; 14 (40%) of whom had an unstable fracture pattern. The odds ratio for an unstable fracture of the pelvis in the presence of a fracture of the transverse process of L5 was 9.3 and the relative risk was 2.5. A fracture of the transverse process of L5 in the presence of a pelvic fracture is associated with an increased risk of instability of the pelvic fracture. Its presence should alert the attending staff to this possibility.     

严重骨盆骨折的诊治

目的探讨严重骨盆骨折的诊治策略。方法分析1997年5月～2005年6月收治的38例严重骨盆骨折合并不同类型并发损伤患者的诊断、治疗经过。其中28例经抗休克抢救,31例进行手术内固定,14例分别进行相应的合并症的手术治疗。结果38例患者全部存活,不稳定性骨盆骨折者经手术治疗后骨盆完整性恢复完好。结论及时纠正骨盆骨折所致的失血性休克及其它危及生命的合并症、恢复骨盆环的完整性是治疗严重骨盆骨折的关键。     

经皮骶髂螺钉与后方张力带钢板治疗不稳定骨盆后环骨折脱位的病例对照研究

目的 对比经皮骶髂螺钉和后方张力带钢板治疗不稳定骨盆后方骨折脱位的临床疗效。方法 2019年6月至2021年5月,收治符合纳入标准的骨盆后环骨折脱位患者40例,其中经皮骶髂螺钉组和后方张力带钢板各20例,比较两组基线资料、围手术期资料及临床疗效。结果两组随访时间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组性别、年龄、致伤原因、骨折分型、ISS评分等基线资料对比无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。骶髂螺钉组待术时间、手术时间、住院时间、切口长度、术中出血量等围手术期指标均优于钢板组（P<0.05）,但术中放射次数较多（P<0.05）。而术后Majeed评分和Matta评分两组间无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后骶髂螺钉组发生两例神经损伤,钢板组发生两例术后切口感染,无其他重大手术并发症。结论 骶髂螺钉应用于不稳定骨盆后方骨折脱位患者中,对软组织创伤小,更适合作为骨盆后环骨折脱位的内固定方式。     

外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中应用的可行性和优越性。方法 2006年10月～2012年6月,采用外固定架技术对28例不稳定性骨盆骨折进行固定,同期或分期处理合并损伤、抗休克治疗,并对其疗效进行观察。结果 28例随访4～30个月,平均14.5月,无死亡,骨盆骨折愈合良好。根据Matta评定标准,优21例,良5例,可2例,差0例,优良率93%（26/28）。结论早期采取外固定技术治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折简单易行,安全可靠,能有效增强骨盆的稳定性,控制骨盆容积,减少出血,缓解疼痛,利于抗休克治疗。     

Posterior pelvic ring injury of straddle fractures: Incidence,fixation methods,and clinical outcomes

Straddle fracture, a superior and inferior ramus fracture of both sides, is generally treated conservatively. However, posterior pelvic ring injury is often associated with straddle fracture, leading to unstable pelvic bone fracture that requires surgical treatment. The present study reports the clinical and radiological outcomes of straddle fracture with posterior pelvic ring injury.This study included 73 patients (41 men, 32 women) with a straddle fracture injury. The injury mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), accompanying injuries, presence of posterior pelvic ring injury, and fixation methods for the pelvic fracture were analyzed, and outcomes were evaluated functionally and radiologically.Of the 73 patients, 56 (77%) had a posterior pelvic ring injury and 7 died. In 43 patients, the posterior pelvic ring injuries constituted unstable pelvic injury and were treated surgically. The fixation method was determined based on the severity of the posterior pelvic injury. The patients’ mean ISS was 24.7 points. Radiological evaluation of surgical outcomes in 43 patients revealed the outcomes as anatomic in 20, nearly anatomic in 14, moderate in 5, and poor in 4, whereas functional evaluation revealed the outcomes as excellent in 21, good in 9, fair in 7, and poor in 6.Posterior pelvic ring fracture can accompany straddle fractures, which may lead to pelvic injury instability. Thus, special attention is required for patients with a straddle fracture.