婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良早期筛查的情况分析

目的分析临床结合超声检查对婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)进行早期筛查的结果,为DDH早期干预提供科学依据,降低DDH的致残率。方法对我院筛选DDH体征阳性4896例患儿行超声进一步检查。结果体格检查可疑阳性婴儿4896例,经过超声检查,正常髋关节3591例,占73.3%(3591/4896),可疑异常髋关节1196例,占24.5%(1196/4896),异常髋关节109例,占2.2%(109/4896),其中脱位型髋关节7例,占0.14%(7/4896)。对确诊患儿进行临床治疗,106例异常髋关节转为Graf I型髋关节,治愈率达97.2%(106/109)。结论对婴儿髋关节进行早期筛查对提高婴儿DDH检出率有重要意义,对确诊患儿给予早期干预可促使发育异常的髋关节结构向正常的髋关节转化,改善婴儿髋关节功能,具有重要的经济意义与社会意义。     

新生儿及婴儿早期髋脱位及髋发育不良的X线诊断应用研究

目的探讨婴儿髋关节脱位(CDH)及髋关节发育不良(DDH)的早期X线诊断方法。方法经临床随访证实的26例CDH及DDH婴儿47个患髋和30例正常婴儿60个正常髋关节用X线对照的方法寻求婴儿早期CDH及DDH诊断方法,统计学卡方检验。结果(1)婴儿早期正常髋臼形态为清晰的“一”字形,模糊“一”字形或形态不清应视为异常,敏感度为100%,特异度为91.59%,准确度为85%。统计学比较显示P<0.05;(2)3个月以内婴儿正常髋臼指数应<30°;(3)研究组的47个患髋中闭孔线阳性18髋(其中10髋为CDH),阴性29髋,对照组30例60个正常髋闭孔线阳性2髋,阴性58髋,敏感度为38.3%,特异度为96.7%,准确度为71.1%。统计学比较显示P<0.05;(4)研究组26例47个患髋股骨颈轴线阳性10髋(后均证实为CDH),可疑17髋(后证实13髋为DDH),阴性20髋,对照组30例60个正常髋股骨颈轴线阳性1髋,可疑0髋,阴性59髋,敏感度为57.45%,特异度为98.33%,准确度为80.37%。统计学比较显示P<0.001。结论闭孔线结合股骨颈轴线可诊断新生儿及婴儿早期CDH;髋臼形态异常可提示DDH。     

超声评价异常体征合并发育性髋关节发育不良高危因素婴儿的髋关节发育状况

目的 :应用Graf髋关节超声诊断技术评价有异常体征合并发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)高危因素婴儿髋关节的发育状况。方法:对我院488例临床体检提示有臀纹或大腿纹不对称、下肢长度差异、髋外展受限等异常体征同时合并其他DDH高危因素(女性、胎位为臀位、家族史或伴有其他骨骼肌肉畸形等)的婴儿行髋关节超声检查。采用Graf法和Graf髋关节病理分型对筛查结果进行统计和分析。结果:976个受检髋关节中,Ⅰ型髋关节914个,占93.6%;Ⅱ型49个,占5.0%,其中ⅡA型25个,ⅡB型13个,ⅡC型11个;D型4个,占0.4%;Ⅲ型7个,占0.7%;Ⅳ型2个,占0.2%。其中不成熟髋和DDH髋62个,检出率6.4%。结论 :超声能对有异常体征合并DDH高危因素婴儿髋关节的发育状况进行准确的定性评价,并能比较不同高危因素婴儿之间DDH发病率的差异性。     

5227例婴儿发育性髋关节发育异常筛查结果的回顾性分析

目的 :评估产次、胎位、分娩方式对婴儿发育性髋关节发育异常(DDH)发病的影响。方法 :回顾性分析于我院行DDH超声筛查婴儿5 227例(10 454个髋关节),记录其性别、年龄、胎次、胎位、分娩方式,依据Graf分类法将超声筛查结果分为正常和异常髋关节(发育不良、半脱位、脱位),并行统计分析。结果:5 227例,共10 454个髋关节,其中第1胎DDH的检出率为4.47%(284/6 350)高于第2胎(3.05%,125/4 104)(χ~2=15.08,P0.01);臀位DDH检出率9.05%(42/464)较头位(3.67%,366/9 968)明显高(χ~2=34.15,P0.01);剖宫产DDH检出率5.33%(196/3 678)高于自然分娩(3.14%,213/6 776)(χ~2=27.51,P0.01)。结论 :产次、胎位、分娩方式均是影响DDH的因素,而臀位的影响更显著,可提示DDH的超声筛查。     

超声波筛查在婴儿发育性髋关节异常早期诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨超声波筛查在婴儿发育性髋关节异常(developmengtal dysplasia of the hip,DDH)早期诊断中的临床意义。方法利用Graf法扫描200例正常婴儿髋关节及200例疑似DDH患儿,观察其髋臼窝的骨性结构、髋臼窝的骨性缘、髋臼软骨纤维盂唇形态,并测量髋关节α角、β角,计算股骨头骨性髋臼覆盖率。结果超声检查能够清楚显示髋关节及其周围组织的解剖结构。与髋关节正常(n=328)相比,髋关节异常(n=72)患儿髋关节α角明显减少(49.3±5.8vs 62.4±7.2),β角明显增大(56.0±7.3vs 45.1±6.2),股骨头骨性髋臼覆盖率显著降低(41.5±8.2vs 61.4±5.9),P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论超声波筛查具有操作简便、安全实用等特点,能够为DDH的早期诊断提供可靠的理论依据,值得临床推广。     

髋关节MR造影检查对发育性髋关节发育不良病人髋臼盂唇损伤程度的评价

目的评价髋关节MR造影检查对发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)病人髋臼盂唇损伤的诊断价值。方法选取2015年12月—2016年10月进行髋关节MR造影检查的DDH病人16例,其中男3例,女13例,年龄10~20岁,平均(14.88±2.60)岁。对每例病人的患侧髋臼行超声引导下髋关节MR造影检查,分别对前、外上及后盂唇进行观察,由2名影像诊断医师评价盂唇损伤的部位及程度,并以术中诊断结果作为金标准进行对比。采用Kappa检验计算髋关节MR造影检查与术中诊断的一致性。结果 16例病人共48处盂唇,无撕裂37处(0期32处,Ⅰ期损伤5处),髋臼实质部撕裂3处,髋臼盂唇-软骨连接区撕裂8处。术中所见无撕裂38处,髋臼实质部撕裂3处,髋臼盂唇-软骨连接区撕裂7处。髋关节MR造影诊断髋臼盂唇撕裂的敏感度为100%,特异度为97.37%,阳性预测值为90.91%,阴性预测值为100%。MR髋关节造影检查与术中诊断的一致性较好(Kappa=0.939,P0.001)。髋关节MR造影显示盂唇肥大、内翻2例,均为前盂唇,与术中所见相吻合。结论髋关节MR造影检查对DDH病人髋臼盂唇损伤诊断的敏感性和特异性均较高,可作为术前常规检查手段。     

超声对先天性肌性斜颈伴发育性髋关节异常的诊断价值

目的 :探讨超声对先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)伴发育性髋关节异常(DDH)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析176例CMT患儿超声检查时双侧胸锁乳突肌(SCM)厚度、髋关节Graf分型及临床相关资料,将其分为CMT+DDH组和CMT组进行对照分析。结果:CMT+DDH占11.4%(20/176);2组性别比、两者发病方向差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);CMT+DDH组双侧SCM厚度差值和双侧SCM厚度比率均明显高于CMT组(均P0.05);分别以双侧SCM厚度差值≥0.74 cm和双侧SCM厚度比率≥0.24为临界值,预测DDH的敏感度分别为50.0%和45.0%,特异度分别为77.6%和83.3%。结论:CMT和DDH有一定共存比例,超声显示双侧SCM厚度差值和厚度比率对CMT伴DDH具有预测价值,是早期诊断CMT与DDH的重要依据。     

高频超声Graf法与Terjesen法对发育性髋关节发育不良诊断一致性研究

目的 探讨Graf超声检查法和Terjesen超声检查法在发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)诊断中的诊断一致性.方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至6月,在我院超声科行DDH检查的婴幼儿共108例,其中男孩41例,女孩67例,共216个髋关节.每位进行DDH检查患儿均进行双侧髋关节扫查.参照Graf方法,测量α角度及β角度,再...     

基层医院高频超声及X线诊断婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良的应用价值

＿目的：探讨基层医院高频超声及X线诊断婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良（DD H ）的应用价值。方法：选择本院确诊为DDH 的患儿共35例（58髋）。对比分析患儿的超声与X线检查的一致性,统计分析独立使用α角、β角以及综合Graf法结果诊断 DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果：X 线检查诊断为 DDH 的符合率为72．2％,比超声检查的86．1％低,但差异无统计学意义（χ2＝2．105,P＝0．147）;但两者联合诊断DDH 的符合率达100％,较X线或超声单独诊断均高。X线和超声检查结果的kappa值为0．794,可见两种检查结果基本一致。超声Graf法诊断DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为86．1％、100％、91．7％、100％、82．8％,而用超声 Graf法测量的α角和β角独立诊断DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83．3％、100％、90．0％、100％、80．0％和77．8％、100％、86．7％、100％、75．0％。结论：对于婴儿DDH 的诊断符合率,超声检查较X线高,而两者联合应用可达100％。两项检查各有特点,需要临床医师结合婴儿及设备等情况合理选择。     

螺旋CT三维重建在发育性髋关节脱位手术前后的应用

小儿发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislo-cation of hip,DDH),以前称为先天性髋关节脱位(congenital dislocation of hip,CDH),是一种常见的先天畸形,多发于女性。现在国外普遍采用B超对高危新生儿及6月以下婴儿进行随访,以期作出早期诊断[1,2]。对于6月以上DDH的诊断大多数     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.