320排CT血管造影和超声诊断下肢深静脉血栓价值比较

目的：探讨320排容积 CT 静脉造影(CTV)和超声(US)对下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经DSA 证实为下肢 DVT 的患者51例,对比直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢不同部位栓子的检出率。结果51例患者中,CTV 共诊断DVT 48例,发现栓子124处,US 诊断静脉血栓46例,发现栓子86处。其中盆腔 DVT CTV 检出34处,US 检出10处,胫腓静脉血栓 CTV 检出25处,US 检出5处,CTV 检出股深静脉血栓2处,US 检出11处。结论直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢 DVT 的诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值,而前者对盆腔 DVT 及胫腓静脉血栓的检出率更高,而对股深静脉血栓的显示不及后者。     

MSCT血管成像及其后处理技术对下肢静脉病变的诊断潜能

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）血管成像及其图像后处理技术诊断下肢深静脉病变的潜能。方法23例临床疑诊下肢深静脉病变患者（男17例,女6例;年龄47～76岁,平均61岁）均经MSCT血管成像及在AW4．2影像工作站上进行的血管成像后处理。对各种后处理技术显示下肢深静脉病变的潜能进行了对比分析。结果容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）以及CT仿真内窥镜（CTVE）对下肢静脉瓣膜异常（n=15）的显示优于曲面重建（CPR）;MPR和CTVE对下肢静脉血栓（n=5）的显示优于CPR、VR及MIP;VR、MIP、MPR以及CPR对下肢静脉瘤样扩张（n=8）的显示优于CTVE。结论MSCT各种成像技术的联合应用可为下肢深静脉病变的确诊提供可靠依据。在几种图像后处理技术中,MPR具有较高的诊断潜能。     

多层螺旋CT及其图像后处理技术诊断肺栓塞的价值

目的通过多层螺旋CT多种重组方法对肺栓塞的影像进行观察,评价多层螺旋CT多种重组方法在诊断肺栓塞中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析45例经CT肺血管成像(CTPA)确诊肺栓塞病人的资料,应用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)观察3种方法对肺动脉及其栓子的显示效果,并进行比较分析。结果 MPR影像显示亚段及其以下肺动脉分支血栓的显示率优于MIP、VR影像,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对于肺动脉6级分支内是否有栓子各种方法显示均差。结论 MPR、MIP、VR3种重组方法以MPR显示最清晰准确,但缺乏立体感;MIP、VR对于大的分支显示比较立体、直观。MPR结合MIP、VR影像更能明确定位及定性诊断肺栓塞。     

64层螺旋CT对肋骨隐匿性骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT(MSCT)后处理技术[多平面重建(MPR)、四面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积显示法(VR)]对肋骨隐匿性骨折的诊断价值。方法将129例临床上高度怀疑肋骨骨折,经X线片[直接数字化X线摄像系统(DR)]检查阴性或可疑的外伤患者于外伤后2周内均经64层螺旋CT容积扫描,图像拆薄重建,传入随机工作站处理,得到MIP、MPR、CPR及VRT图像。并由2名放射科高年资医师共同阅片,以确定有否骨折。结果 129例患者中124例显示有骨折共207处,阳性率达96.1%(124/129);其中肋软骨骨折14例21处,肋骨骨折110例186处,VR显示肋骨骨折177处。MPR、CPR是诊断隐匿性骨折的主要方法。结论 MSCT后处理技术是诊断肋骨隐匿性骨折有效而可靠的检查手段。     

MSCT静脉成像及后处理技术对下肢静脉疾病的诊断价值

目的 :探讨MSCT静脉成像(MSCTV)及后处理技术对下肢静脉疾病的诊断价值。方法:对76例临床怀疑下肢静脉疾病的患者行直接法MSCT下肢静脉造影,并在工作站上进行图像后处理。结果:联合运用VR、MPR、MIP、CTVE、CPR显示下肢深静脉血栓12例,下肢浅静脉曲张60例,左髂静脉压迫综合征6例,股浅静脉双支7例,软组织肿瘤压迫胫腓静脉1例,腘窝囊肿压迫腘静脉1例,为临床手术及治疗方案制订提供准确影像依据。结论:联合运用直接法MSCTV及后处理技术对下肢静脉疾病的诊断具有较高的临床价值。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影诊断肺动脉栓塞并下肢深静脉血栓

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的多层CT联合成像的诊断价值。方法 31例患者行CT肺动脉血管造影,其中15例同时行下肢深静脉联合成像,采用16层螺旋CT,1.25mm×16模式采集,注射对比剂120～150ml,注射流率3.5～4.0ml/s,肺动脉延迟20～25s扫描,下肢静脉延迟150～180s扫描。并结合容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CPR）等重建技术进行图像分析。结果 共发现下肢深静脉血栓15例16侧,肺栓塞31例51处,其中肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓同时存在15例。结论 多层螺旋CT肺动脉和下肢静脉联合成像可一次性评价肺动脉和下肢静脉,是肺栓塞首选的影像检查方法。     

256层螺旋CT不同后处理方法对老年肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的 :探讨256层螺旋CT不同后处理方法对老年肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 :对临床拟诊为肺动脉栓塞的38例老年患者行256层螺旋CT肺动脉血管造影。由2名放射科医师共同阅片,比较MPR、MIP及VR对各级肺动脉血管栓塞的显示率。结果:共30例确诊为肺动脉栓塞,累及主肺动脉、肺叶、段、亚段肺动脉分别为30、67、118、52支。MPR、MIP、VR均能全部显示主肺动脉栓子;三者对主肺动脉栓塞以及三者对肺叶动脉栓塞的显示率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),三者对肺段动脉栓塞的显示差异有统计学意义(χ~2=74.85,P0.05),对亚段动脉栓塞的显示MIP与VR间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.38,P0.05),其余两者比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:薄层横断面及MPR是显示肺段及以下动脉血管栓子较为可靠的方法。256层螺旋CT肺动脉造影结合三维重建技术是筛选和诊断肺动脉栓塞的有效手段。     

16层螺旋CT诊断肺动脉栓塞的临床价值

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的23例患者的16层螺旋CT资料,分析PE的直接征象、间接征象及分型,比较常规横断面图像、MPR、VR和MIP图像对栓子的显示效果。结果：23例患者CT共发现栓子345个,其中中心型栓子67个,附壁环型115个,完全闭塞型37个,不完全闭塞型126个。间接征象包括马赛克征2例,肺梗死3例,胸腔积液5例,肺动脉高压5例。横断面图像共检出栓子345个,MPR共检出320个,与横断面图像比较,MIP和VR图像对栓子的显示效果（分别为164和82个）相对较差（P〈0．05）,尤其是对肺叶及其以下肺动脉分支内栓子的显示效果明显低于横断面组（P〈0．05）。结论：16层螺旋CT能清楚显示肺动脉栓子,MPR、MIP及VR等图像重组方法是诊断肺栓塞的重要辅助方法,结合使用可提高诊断的准确性。     

下肢动脉损伤MSCTA诊断及误诊漏诊原因分析

目的 研究64层螺旋CT血管成像在下肢动脉损伤诊断中的应用价值及误诊漏诊原因.方法 回顾性分析30例下肢动脉损伤的下肢动脉多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)图像,运用各种图像后处理技术分析动脉损伤情况,并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)或手术探查结果对比.结果 30例患者中有动脉闭塞36处,动脉断裂14处,动脉狭窄52处,假性动脉瘤10处,动静脉瘘4处.MSCTA诊断下肢动脉损伤的结果与DSA或手术探查结果对比,诊断符合率为94.78％.结论 MSCTA可直观、准确地显示下肢动脉损伤情况.各种后处理技术中,MPR/CPR对下肢动脉损伤显示最佳,VR对手术定位有很好的辅助作用.     

螺旋CT图像重组对颌骨埋伏阻生牙的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT图像重组技术对颌骨埋伏阻生牙的诊断价值。方法:对31例颌骨埋伏阻生牙患者行横轴面薄层CT扫描,采用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)及容积再现(VR)技术进行图像后处理。结果:对31例共38颗埋伏阻生牙,MSCT重组图像均能清楚显示其数量、位置、阻生方位、唇腭侧、萌出方向及与邻牙的关系。结论:螺旋CT图像后处理技术能够正确诊断埋伏阻生牙及其相关情况,对埋伏阻生牙正畸治疗具有重要指导意义     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.