手术学教学中的安全管理与防护

外科手术学是基础医学向临床医学过渡的一门桥梁课程，其教学内容中有大量的实验操作项目，学生要接触到犬类等攻击性动物，并且要常常使用刀、剪等锐利器械，如有不慎就可能造成人员受伤。如何加强管理，确保手术学教学安全是不可忽视的问题。本文结合笔者在教学中的感受和经验，对手术学教学中的安全管理总结报告如下。     

补充动物实验及改进实验考试对人体解剖学教学质量的影响

探讨在人体解剖学教学中补充动物器官解剖及改进实验考核对教学质量的影响。选择本校本科班同年级同一录取方式且入学平均成绩相近的中药学和药物制剂两个班级,设立实验组和对照组,两组使用相同的教材,按教学大纲的要求对两组都进行常规的人体解剖学理1论教学和实验教学,但实验组增加了部分动物器官的解剖并加强了平时的解剖实践技能测试,对两组的学习成绩和知识拓展能力进行比较研究。结果表明无论是理论成绩还是实践技能成绩实验组均明显高于对照组,且实验组80分以上高分段学生明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。表明医学解剖学教学中补充动物器官解剖及改进实验考核有助于教学质量的提高。     

于都县2010年动物伤人特征调查分析

于都县位于江西省南部,2010年末总人口为1020931人,以低山、丘陵为主,气候温和,雨量充沛.本地群众有饲养犬、猫习惯,因此犬、猫等动物伤人情况时有发生,给群众生命安全和经济上、精神上都带来很大的威胁和损失.为了解于都县动物伤人的特征,减少动物伤人的危害,预防和控制狂犬病的发生,现将于都县2010年动物伤人情况统计分析如下:     

浅谈手术教学中的安全管理

外科手术学是以实验教学为主体,以培养学生良好的科学作风和娴熟的外科基本操作技能为目的的课程。在培养学生树立严格的无菌观念和掌握外科基本技能的同时,更要重视教学中的教师与学生自身安全防护。认真做到安全教育经常化,教学管理制度化,动物处置规范化,是保障教学安全所必须的,也是行之有效的措施和方法。1安全教育经常化手术学教学由于受时间、人力及经费等条件限制,达不到医院外科手术室的配置和无菌管理。手术学实验中被操作的对象不是病人而是动物,故对无菌要求相对较低,只做术前备皮和简单的消毒;且手术人员非正规医生而是未经训…     

生理实验的“口试 操作”式期末考查

教学评价是实现教学目的的一个重要手段,是教学工作的重要环节。一门课程的结业考试主要是发挥教学评价的鉴定作用,要想保证给学生评定成绩的客观公证,应针对不同课程的特点采用相应的考核办法。动物生理学是动物类专业重要的专业基础课,是一门实验学科。实验课不仅有利于学生理解理论知识,而且能锻炼生理手术、器械仪器使用、生理实验等方面的操作能力,还能增强分析、解决问题的能力。四川农业大学近年来进一步完善实验考核,在原来占     

生理实验的“口试十操作”式期末考查

教学评价是实现教学目的的一个重要手段,是教学工作的重要环节.一门课程的结业考试主要是发挥教学评价的鉴定作用,要想保证给学生评定成绩的客观公证,应针对不同课程的特点采用相应的考核办法[1].动物生理学是动物类专业重要的专业基础课,是一门实验学科.实验课不仅有利于学生理解理论知识,而且能锻炼生理手术、器械仪器使用、生理实验等方面的操作能力,还能增强分析、解决问题的能力[2].四川农业大学近年来进一步完善实验考核,在原来占课程成绩30分的实验成绩中又划出5分用于期末考查,希望以此强化学生对实验技能的学习掌握.     

论机能学实验教学对临床综合素质培养的先导作用

医学是实践性极强的科学,医学生临床基本技能和综合素质的训练是临床医学教育的重点,应该从基础医学教育特别是基础医学实验教学开始。尽管机能学实验是以动物为实验对象,以探索动物生理、病理机制及药物治疗与影响作用等为主要内容的教学实验,但对医学生临床综合素质及能力的培养具有积极的先导作用。本文从机能学实验教学过程、教学培养目标与要求进行论述,说明如何加强机能学实验教学与管理,提高教学质量,从而促进医学生能力的快速提高和素质的全面发展。     

浅论八年制医学专业生物分子实验课实验学

搞好高等教育教学主要从理论教学、实验教学、信息资料等几方面实验，严格实施是培养合格人才的重要保证。实验教学是学生培养工作的重要步骤，它作为理论与实践、直接经验与间接经验、形象思维与抽象思维相结合的教学过程，掌握实验技能的应用是作为培养高层次人才和科学研究人才的根本保证。教育部在部分高校实施八年制医学专业的学生培养计划，这对教学的全过程都提出了要求，     

番禺区2006—2007年狂犬病流行病学分析

目的了解番禺区狂犬病门诊暴露人群的流行病学特征，为制定狂犬病预防策略提供科学依据。方法对2006—2007年在狂犬病预防门诊接受诊治的狂犬病门诊暴露人群进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2006—2007年番禺区共报告狂犬病暴露者19532人。两年均无因本地动物伤害而引起的狂犬病病例报告。动物伤人一年四季均可发生，其中以7～10月相对较多，第三季度共发生5574例。暴露者中男性占56．43％．女性占43．57％。所有暴露者中15～44岁占51．22％。中心城区的暴露水平较周边地区高。伤人动物以犬为主，占87．82％，受伤部位以下肢为主共10190例，占52．17％，暴露人员中以Ⅱ度暴露最多共18193例，占93．14％。结论当前控制狂犬病流行需加强养犬管理，有效地降低人群狂犬病暴露水平；加强狂犬病防治等相关知识的宣传教育．提高人群的自我保护意识等综合措施。以控制狂犬病的发生。     

《中国病理生理杂志》投稿须知

1．本刊为中国科学技术协会主管，中国病理生理学会主办、暨南大学出版、国内外公开发行的综合性病理生理学高级学术刊物，主要刊登有关病理生理学方面的论著（包括实验研究和临床研究）、专题综述、学术动态、临床生理专题讲座、教学经验、研究技术和实验方法（包括疾病模型和实验动物）创新、书刊评论、教学科研仪器和药品的评价等。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.