血清淀粉样蛋白A联合细胞角蛋白片段-1检测对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨血清淀粉样蛋白(SA)A联合细胞角蛋白片段(CYFRA)21-1检测对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的诊断价值。方法 NSCLC、良性肺病变、健康对照3组受试者,分别检测其血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、CYFRA21-1、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、SAA水平,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 NSCLC组CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA表达水平及阳性率显著高于良性肺病变组和对照组(P0.05),而NSCLC组SAA表达水平及阳性率显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与良性肺病变组无明显差异(P0.05);中晚期NSCLC(Ⅲ～Ⅳ期)与早期NSCLC(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)患者血清CYFRA21-1、SAA水平有明显差异(P0.05),血清CEA、NSE水平无明显差异(P0.05)。血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、SAA单独检测诊断NSCLC的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)CYFRA21-1为最大,SAA次之,两两联合检测诊断NSCLC的AUC:CYFRA21-1+SAA为最大,CYFRA21-1与SAA联合检测对NSCLC的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均显著高于各项单独检测及其他两两联合检测(P0.05)。结论 CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、SAA水平均在NSCLC患者体内呈现高表达,CYFRA21-1联合SAA可显著提高NSCLC的诊断效能。     

血清CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE联合检测在肺癌诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段21—1（CYFRA21—1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）联合检测诊断肺癌的临床价值。方法用电化学发光免疫分析技术检测140例肺癌、189例肺良性疾病患者的血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE表达水平。结果肺癌患者的血清CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE均明显高于肺良性疾病患者（P均〈0．05）;三者联合检测诊断肺癌的敏感性明显高于其单独检测,且在肺癌不同病理类型中三者联合检测的阳性率有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）。结论血清CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE是诊断肺癌较好的标志物,三者联合检测可明显提高肺癌诊断的敏感性。     

老年早期非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中鳞状细胞癌相关抗原、癌胚抗原及细胞角蛋白19血清片段21-1水平的变化

目的分析老年早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血肿瘤相关标志物水平的改变及其临床辅助诊断价值。方法老年早期NSCLC患者49例为观察组,体检健康的老年人40例作为对照组。检测两组外周血肿瘤相关标志物水平。结果观察组外周血鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及细胞角蛋白19血清片段(CYFRA)21-1水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,以3.24μg/L为截点值,CYFRA21-1诊断老年早期NSCLC的敏感性为85.71%,特异性为82.50%,曲线下面积为0.84,优于CEA及SCC-Ag。相关性分析显示,观察组外周血SCC-Ag、CEA及CYFRA21-1水平呈现两两正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年患者早期NSCLC外周血肿瘤相关标志物水平即可升高,且具有一定辅助诊断价值。     

血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标记物鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、细胞角蛋白19血清片段21-1(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)在肺癌临床诊断中的价值.方法 采用酶联免疫法检测99例肺癌病人及48例肺良性病变病人血清SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、NSE和CEA的水平.结果 肺癌组血清四项肿瘤标记物的含量均高于肺良性病变组(P＜0.01).SCC-Ag水平在肺鳞癌中明显升高;CYFRA21-1水平以非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)升高明显;NSE以小细胞肺癌(SCLC)升高为明显;CEA以肺腺癌增高为主;SCC-Ag、CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA及四项联合检测诊断肺癌的灵敏度分别为60.47%、59.45%、45.69%、69.68%、97.83%,特异度分别为93.69%、90.57%、93.85%、93.67%、81.36%,准确率分别为71.56%、68.58%、61.79%、69.57%、81.95%.结论 SCC-Ag对鳞癌、CYFRA21-1对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、NSE对小细胞肺癌(SCLC)、CEA对腺癌具有较大的辅助诊断价值,四项联合检测提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度、准确率.     

联合检测5种血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中的意义

目的探讨5种肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法采用电化学发光法检测肺癌组、良性肺疾病组及正常对照组患者血中癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原199(CA199)、糖链抗原125(CA125)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角质蛋白19片段(CYFRA 21-1)的含量。结果肺癌组血清CEA、CA125、CA199、NSE、CYFRA 21-1的含量均明显高于正常组和良性肺疾病组,P<0.05;在多种标志物联合检测中,5种标志物联合检测CEA+CA125+CYFRA21-1+CA199+NSE的敏感性最高(93.26%),3种标志物联合检测中CEA+CA125+CYFRA 21-1的敏感性最高(87.64%),其次为CEA+CA125+NSE(76.40%),两种标志物检测中CEA+CA125的敏感性最高(74.16%)。结论联合检测可明显提高肺癌的敏感性和特异性,为肺癌的早期诊断提供有利价值。     

4种肿瘤标记物联合血清铁蛋白早期诊断老年肺癌

目的探讨分析血清铁蛋白(SF)联合4种肿瘤标记物早期诊断老年肺癌的临床价值。方法选择185例老年早期肺癌患者作为肺癌组(其中鳞癌87例、腺癌79例、小细胞肺癌19例),60例老年良性肺病患者作为良性肺病组,健康老年人50例作为健康对照组,检测三组受试者血清SF、糖类抗原(CA)125、胚胎抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、血清细胞角蛋白片段(CYFRA)21-1水平,比较三组受试者各指标表达情况及各指标对老年早期肺癌诊断的敏感度和特异度,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标对早期肺癌的诊断价值。结果肺癌组患者血清SF、CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1水平均显著高于良性肺病组及健康对照组(P0.05);而良性肺病组与健康对照组血清SF、CA125、CEA、NSE及CYFRA21-1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血清SF、NSE水平以小细胞肺癌患者最高(P0.05),CA125、CEA水平以腺癌患者最高(P0.05),CYFRA21-1水平以鳞癌患者最高(P0.05)。与各指标单一诊断比较,五种指标联合检测灵敏度显著升高(P0.05),而特异度无明显变化(P0.05)。SF、CA125、CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1诊断早期老年肺癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.808、0.762、0.761、0.712、0.781,5项指标联合诊断早期老年肺癌ROC曲线下面积为0.915。结论血清SF联合4种肿瘤标记物能够有效提高早期老年肺癌患者的诊断检出灵敏度,有效提高患者诊断价值,从而有助于患者临床预后的改善。     

CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH在良恶性胸腔积液中的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨血清及胸腔积液中癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断价值.方法 分析我院55例肺癌患者和53例良性胸腔积液患者的血清及胸腔积液中CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH检测水平,并根据受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线建立合理的临床判断临界值及检测的敏感性和特异性.结果 恶性患者胸水CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、LDH的水平高于良性患者(P<0.05).胸水CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH的敏感性和特异性分别为90.9、63.6、72.7、36.4%和98.1、83、67.9、88.7%.血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH的敏感性和特异性分别为89.1、87.3 、32.1、25.5%和92.5、79.2、90.6、92.5%.结论 胸水中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、LDH检测在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中具有一定临床价值.     

血清CEA、CYFRA21-1与非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效及预后的临床研究

目的研究血清癌胚抗原（CEA）及细胞角蛋白19片断（CYFRA21-1）在评价非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者化疗疗效及预后中的临床意义。方法 120例NSCLC患者接受2个周期含铂类方案的联合化疗,检测血清CEA及CYFRA21-1表达水平的变化,同时行影像学检查评价客观疗效,应用ROC曲线评价血清CEA及CYFRA21-1下降率在评估化疗疗效中的作用。结果 2个周期化疗后以影像学方法评价的客观有效率为36.4%,化疗后CEA下降率预测化疗疗效的最佳截断点为19.8%,化疗后CYFRA21-1下降率预测化疗疗效的最佳截断点为35.5%,血清CEA、CYFRA21-1下降率与影像学客观疗效有明显的相关性。结论血清CEA和CYFRA21-1下降率是反映NSCLC化疗疗效的可信指标。     

1TAP、Hsp90α联合肺癌肿瘤标志物对小细胞肺癌诊断价值

目的探讨异常糖链糖蛋白(Tumor Abnormal Protein,TAP)、热休克蛋白90α(Heat shock protein 90α,Hsp90α)联合肺癌肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic,CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)诊断小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)价值。方法采用酶联免疫法和电化学发光法检测50例SCLC,62例非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)及62例肺良性疾病患者TAP、Hsp90α、肺癌肿瘤标志物的表达水平,对检测结果进行统计分析;同时绘制ROC曲线,确定各项指标诊断SCLC的最佳截断值,计算肿瘤标志物单独检测时及联合检测诊断SCLC的敏感度和特异度,评估其临床诊断效能。结果通过ROC曲线结果显示,TAP的截断值为203.96μm~2、曲线下面积(AUC)为0.613、敏感度为32.00%、特异度90.32%;Hsp90α分别为64.61 ng/mL、 0.669、78.00%、50.00%;CEA分别为2.90 ng/mL、0.656、40.00%、85.48%;CYFRA21-1分别为3.66 ng/mL、0.671、52.00%、77.41%;NSE分别为23.33 ng/mL、0.826、74.00%、82.26%。五项指标联合检测的AUC为0.901、敏感度为92.00%、特异度为75.81%。结论 TAP、Hsp90α联合肺癌肿瘤标志物检测,对小细胞肺癌具有较高的诊断效能,能够弥补单项检测的不足,具有重要临床指导意义。     

诱导痰及血液CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA检测在肺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨诱导痰及血液中细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原(CEA)在肺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择我院2011年1月～2012年6月经病理确诊的肺癌患者60例(检测组)和肺炎患者60例(对照组)行诱导痰检查并采集空腹血,使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组患者痰液和血清中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA含量.结果 肺癌患者诱导痰及血清中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA水平高于肺炎组(P＜0.01),痰液中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA检测诊断肺癌的灵敏性和特异性均高于血清(P均＜0.05),3项肿瘤标志物在肺癌Ⅲ～Ⅳ期均高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期,且联合检测肺癌的敏感性和特异性均处于较佳水平,并具有较高的诊断准确性.结论 诱导痰中CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA的敏感性和特异性较血清高,有助于肺癌的早期诊断,联合检测能提高肺癌的诊断准确性.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.