干扰素-γ对支气管哮喘小鼠气道杯状细胞化生及其分泌黏蛋白Muc5ac的影响

气道的分泌功能亢进和杯状细胞的化生是支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的明显特征.黏蛋白MucSac的过度表达是杯状细胞化生和分泌亢进的主要原因[1].干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)是Th1型细胞因子,在哮喘的发病机制中具有复杂的多样化作用.本研究通过检测小鼠哮喘模型经IFN-γ腹腔注射后肺组织杯状细胞数量和MucSac蛋白表达的变化,探讨气道黏液过度分泌的机制.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

白介素13诱导支气管哮喘气道黏液高泌的分子机制

白介素13(interleukin-13,IL-13)是一种主要由活化的Th2细胞分泌的多效能细胞因子,可刺激B细胞的增殖和IgE的合成.气道杯状细胞增生所致的黏液是哮喘的主要症状之一,黏液高分泌是肺功能第1秒用力呼气量下降加速的独立危险因素,可能成为重症哮喘的主要死因.Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-9和IL-13在肺部的表达与哮喘的病理生理有密切联系,其中,IL-13被认为是目前最重要的细胞因子,它可能引起气道炎症、黏液过度分泌、杯状细胞增生和黏蛋白(MUC)基因MUC5AC高表达等多种改变.近来发现其引起黏液高分泌的作用机制成为目前研究的热点.本文针对其作用的具体分子机制作一综述.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.