白细胞介素－1β诱导牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖及药物的拮抗作用

研究白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）对牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞（ＢＣＳＭＣ）增殖的影响。浓度为５～１００ｎｇ·Ｌ－１的ＩＬ－１β与ＢＣＳＭＣ共同孵育２４ｈ，即可明显诱导ＢＣＳＭＣ的增殖，ＩＬ－１β浓度为５０ｎｇ·Ｌ－１时，增殖率为１７％。欧芹素乙，异欧芹素乙，６－（α，α－二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基－４，５－二氢－５－甲基－３（２Ｈ）－哒嗪酮（简称ＤＭＤＰ），６－（α－本基乙酰哌嗪基苯基）－４，５－二氢－５－甲基－３（２Ｈ）－哒嗪酮（简称ＰＭＤＰ）分别在不同浓度可显著抑制ＩＬ－１β所诱导的ＢＣＳＭＣ增殖。     

药物对TNF诱导的牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增值的拮抗作用

研究表明，肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＨ）在５０～５０００Ｕ·ｍｌ－１范围内呈剂量依赖性地诱导牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖，ＴＮＦ与该细胞培养２４ｈ时，即可明显刺激细胞增殖，４８ｈ时达最大刺激效应。欧芹素乙（ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ，Ｉｍｐ），异欧芹素乙（ｉｓｏ－ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ，Ｉｓｉ）在浓度为１０－６～１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，均可剂量依赖性地拮抗ＴＮＦ诱导该细胞增殖。６－（α，α－二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基）－４，５－二氢－５－甲基－３（２Ｈ）哒嗪酮，６－（α－苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基）－４，５－二氢－５－甲基－３（２Ｈ）哒嗪酮，则只在低浓度（１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）时拮抗ＴＮＦ诱导该细胞的增殖。     

白细胞介素┐1α诱导脑血管内皮细胞与单核细胞的粘附和迁移及药物拮抗作用

目的研究细胞因子ＩＬ－１α影响单核细胞（ＭＮＣ）与体外培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＭＥＣ）粘附、迁移的动力学过程及药物的保护作用。方法利用培养在胶原层上的内皮细胞单层,对粘附于内皮细胞单层上的ＭＮＣ及胶原层中的ＭＮＣ计数,计算ＭＮＣ粘附率及迁移率。结果ＩＬ－１α（５００ｋＵ·Ｌ－１）可促进ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移,其促粘附与迁移作用具明显的时效关系。ＩＬ－１α促进粘附达最大效应时间为２ｈ,粘附率达３７．３％,较对照提高６２．６％。ＩＬ－１α促迁移作用２ｈ达到坪值,迁移率为１７．４％,较对照提高１４１．７％。药物欧芹素乙（ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ,ＩＭＰ）、已酮可可碱（ｐｅｎｔｏｘｉｆｙｌｉｎｅ,ＰＴＸ）对ＩＬ－１α引起的ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。在浓度为１、１０及１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,其粘附抑制率分别为３７．７％、４２．０％、６６．０％和３８．３％、６４．２％、８７．０％;迁移抑制率分别为３２．８％、６６．４％、７０．７％和３８．８％、５５．２％、７４．１％。结论ＩＭＰ与ＰＴＸ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＭＮＣ与ＩＬ－１α诱导的ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附及迁移。     

白细胞介素┐1α诱导脑血管内皮细胞与单核细胞的粘附和迁移及药物拮抗作用

目的研究细胞因子ＩＬ－１α影响单核细胞（ＭＮＣ）与体外培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＭＥＣ）粘附、迁移的动力学过程及药物的保护作用。方法利用培养在胶原层上的内皮细胞单层,对粘附于内皮细胞单层上的ＭＮＣ及胶原层中的ＭＮＣ计数,计算ＭＮＣ粘附率及迁移率。结果ＩＬ－１α（５００ｋＵ·Ｌ－１）可促进ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移,其促粘附与迁移作用具明显的时效关系。ＩＬ－１α促进粘附达最大效应时间为２ｈ,粘附率达３７．３％,较对照提高６２．６％。ＩＬ－１α促迁移作用２ｈ达到坪值,迁移率为１７．４％,较对照提高１４１．７％。药物欧芹素乙（ｉｍｐｅｒａｔｏｒｉｎ,ＩＭＰ）、已酮可可碱（ｐｅｎｔｏｘｉｆｙｌｉｎｅ,ＰＴＸ）对ＩＬ－１α引起的ＭＮＣ与ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附与迁移有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。在浓度为１、１０及１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时,其粘附抑制率分别为３７．７％、４２．０％、６６．０％和３８．３％、６４．２％、８７．０％;迁移抑制率分别为３２．８％、６６．４％、７０．７％和３８．８％、５５．２％、７４．１％。结论ＩＭＰ与ＰＴＸ呈剂量依赖性抑制ＭＮＣ与ＩＬ－１α诱导的ＢＣＭＥＣ的粘附及迁移。     

Effects of heparin on growth factor-induced mitogenic and proliferative responses of rat pulmonary a

目的：探讨肝素是否能抑制生长因子诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）分裂和增殖．方法：应用含１０％ＦＢＳ的Ｍ１９９培养液培养大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ．细胞分裂及细胞增殖分别用［ｍｅｔｈｙｌ３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ和细胞计数监测．结果：ＦＢＳ（１０％），以及ＦＢＳ（１％）与ＰＤＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），ＦＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），或ＩＬ１α（１００ｎｇ·Ｌ－１）联合应用均能增加大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ分裂．肝素（１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）抑制１０％ＦＢＳ诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖（２８％±６％）和胸腺嘧啶摄取反应（２７％±７％），抑制ＦＢＳ（１％）与ＰＤＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），ＦＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），或ＩＬ１α（１００ｎｇ·Ｌ－１）联用诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖（２５％±６％，２７％±７％，２０％±４％），以及胸腺嘧啶摄取反应（２３％±７％，２６％±６％，２０％±６％）．结论：肝素抑制生长因子诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ的分裂与增殖．     

药物对TNF诱导的牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增值的拮抗作用

研究表明,肿瘤坏死因子(TNH)在50～5000U·mL^-1范围内呈剂量依赖性地诱导牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖,TNF与该细胞培养24h时,即可明显刺激细胞增殖,48h时达最大刺激效应。欧芹素乙(imperatorin,Imp),异欧芹素乙(iso-imperatorin,Isi)在浓度为10^-6～10^-4mol·L^-1时,均可剂量依赖性地拮抗TNF诱导该细胞增殖。6-(α,α-二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,6-(α-苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,则只在低浓度(10^-6mol·L^-1)时拮抗TNF诱导该细胞的增殖。     

哒嗪类药物Y－909对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙水平的影响

哒嗪类药物Ｙ－９０９对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙水平的影响汪钟，于润，张宏，白建平（中国医学科学院基础医学研究所，北京１００００５）６－［对－（４－（４－甲氧基苯基）哌嗪基）－乙酰胺基苯基］－５－甲基－４，５－二氢－３（２氢）哒嗪酮｛６－［...     

高效液相色谱法测定人体地尔硫及其主要代谢物的药物动力学

用高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）测定人血清中地尔硫（ＤＺ）及去乙酰地尔硫（Ｍ１）浓度。以ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＯＤＳ，５μｍ为层析柱，流动相：甲醇∶乙腈∶水（６０∶１０∶３０），检测波长２３７ｎｍ，以盐酸普罗帕酮为内标。检测范围：ＤＺ为５．４５～２７２．５ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１，Ｍ１为５．８５～２９２．５ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１。最低检测浓度：ＤＺ为２．８７ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１，Ｍ１为１．９９ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１。平均回收率ＤＺ为１０１．８８％，Ｍ１为１０１．７２％，ＲＳＤ均在１２％以内。并对４名受试者口服９０ｍｇ盐酸地尔硫片后，其药时曲线经微机用ＰＫＢＰ－Ｎ１程序拟合，ＤＺ为一房室开放模型，Ｍ１为二房室开放模型，求得ＤＺ和Ｍ１的Ｔ１／２分别为５．６±１．５ｈ和１４±７ｈ。     

肝素对生长因子诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞分裂和增殖的影响

目的：探讨肝素是否能抑制生长因子诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）分裂和增殖。方法：应用含１０％ＦＢＳ的Ｍ－１９９培养液培养大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ。细胞分裂及细胞增殖分别用［ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－＾３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ和细胞计数监测。结果：ＦＢＳ（１０％），以及ＦＢＳ（１％）与ＰＤＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ＾－１），ＦＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ＾－１），或ＩＬ－１α（１００ｎｇ·Ｌ＾－１）联合应用均能增加大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ分裂。肝素（     

白细胞介素—1对骨髓基质细胞膜电位的影响及其与Cl^—通道 …

目的 研究重组人白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）对骨髓基质细胞（ＢＭＳＣ）膜电位的影响及其与Ｃｌ＾－１通道的关系,探讨离子是否参与细胞因子ＩＬ－１的生物信号转导。方法 用荧光染料ＤｉＢＡＣ４（３）标记原代培养的ＢＭＳＣ,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下直接监测ＩＬ－１β刺激下细胞膜电位的实时动态变化以及Ｃｌ＾－通道阻断剂呋喃苯胺酸对ＩＬ－１β膜电位效应的影响。结果 ＩＬ－１β加入测定体系后浓度依赖性地引起Ｂ     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.