Is there a role for sonography in the diagnosis of tears of the knee menisci?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of sonography in diagnosing tears of the knee menisci. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the sonographic examinations of the knees of 321 patients diagnosed with a torn meniscus on the basis of clinical findings. Of the 321 knees imaged, 216 were also examined using MRI or CT. Arthroscopic meniscectomy was performed on 126 knees. RESULTS: MRI or CT did not confirm 48% (71 cases) of the positive sonographic diagnoses (ie, false positives) and 72% (50 cases) of the negative sonographic diagnoses (ie, false negatives). Thus, the sonographic diagnosis was correct in 95 cases (44%) and incorrect in 121 cases (56%), yielding low rates of sensitivity (60%) and specificity (21%). Among the 126 cases in which arthroscopic meniscectomy was performed, arthroscopy confirmed 100% of the MRI or CT diagnoses of meniscal tears. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that sonography is not accurate enough to be used as the only imaging modality for diagnosing tears of the knee menisci.     

MRI检查对半月板损伤类型的评价

背景:MRI诊断半月板损伤的准确性可达80%～100%,但在临床上也存在一定程度的假阳性和假阴性.目的:通过半月板损伤的MRI检查及关节镜,探讨半月板不同损伤类型的不同MRI表现.方法:选择2003-01/2008-12因膝关节损伤行术前MRI检查患者212例,由放射科及骨科的高级职称医师共同阅片,预测半月板损伤及其损伤形态.由主任医师行关节镜探查,以术中所发现的半月板损伤作为诊断的金标准,对比两者准确性,统计MRI诊断的准确性.结果与结论:212例患者(230个膝关节)中MRI检查可疑半月板损伤215膝,由关节镜探查术证实半月板损伤213膝,MRI检查对半月板损伤诊断的敏感度为93.5%,特异度为64 7%,准确度为93.0%.发现MRI诊断半月板桶柄样损伤的敏感度较高,对半月板轻微撕裂伤易出现漏诊,对外侧半月板损伤诊断的假阳性较多.临床实际操作时,若半月板损伤表现为Ⅲ级信号、损伤后移位或有关节囊分离等情况,则提示半月板不稳定,应给予关节镜探查或进一步的手术治疗以免遗漏.     

膝关节半月板损伤磁共振成像诊断与关节镜检查对比研究

目的探讨MRI在膝关节半月板损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析70例同时接受MRI和关节镜检查的膝关节损伤患者的病历资料。共涉及86个膝关节,左膝27例,右膝40例,双膝同时发病19例。所有患者均有外伤史,主要表现为膝关节疼痛、肿胀、功能受限及绞锁。结果按照Stoller等半月板损伤MRI分级标准,0级8膝,Ⅰ级2膝,Ⅱ级16膝,Ⅲ级60膝。经关节镜检查,MRI检查诊断为0级的8膝膝关节中有2膝为外侧半月板边缘撕裂;MRI检查诊断为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级半月板损伤的膝关节中分别有1膝经关节检查证实其异常高信号为滑膜增生而非半月板损伤。经Kappa检验,MRI检查和关节镜诊断半月板损伤结果的一致性较好（Kappa=0．724,P=0．000）。MRI诊断半月板损伤的敏感度为97．44％,特异度为75％,准确率为95．35％。结论MRI检查和关节镜诊断半月板损伤结果的一致性良好,敏感度和准确率高,安全无创,应作为临床诊断半月板损伤的首选方法。     

膝关节半月板囊肿可行高频超声引导微创治疗

目的分析高频超声对膝关节半月板囊肿的显像特点及引导微创治疗,提供一种对该病的诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2017年1月~2019年6月86例超声诊断为膝关节半月板囊肿的病例,并与MRI、关节镜对照,并对8例采用超声引导下微创治疗,探讨高频超声对膝关节半月板囊肿及其撕裂情况的的诊疗价值。结果高频超声诊断半月板囊肿的86例,与MRI、关节镜对照,超声对半月板囊肿的敏感性很高,但是误诊1例,特异性约98.83%;82例半月板囊肿合并撕裂病例中超声明确显示合并半月板撕裂78例,漏诊4例,敏感性约95.12%。行超声引导下微创治疗8例,术后效果均改善,1例复发,暂未见明显临床症状。结论高频超声对膝关节半月板囊肿及其撕裂情况有较高的临床诊断价值,并可行超声引导微创治疗。      

The value of ultrasonography in the detection of meniscal tears diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in meniscal tears that were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Twenty-seven knees with meniscal tears and 14 knees without tears on MRI were prospectively evaluated. A radiologist performed the ultrasonography and evaluated the presence and locations of the meniscal tears. MRI was used as the reference standard. RESULTS: Twenty-nine menisci with tears and 53 menisci without tears were identified by MRI. Twenty-two tears were in the medial menisci, and seven tears were in the lateral menisci. In the 29 meniscal tears, the ultrasonographic diagnosis was correct in 25 (86.2%) and incorrect in 4 (13.8%) menisci. In the 53 menisci without tears, the ultrasonographic diagnosis was correct in 45 (84.9%) and incorrect in 8 (15.1%) menisci. Ultrasonography showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for meniscal tears of 86.2%, 84.9%, 85.4%, 75.8%, and 91.8%, respectively. Of the four intracapsular injuries observed by MRI in injured knees, an osteochondritis dessecans was only observed by ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is an accurate imaging study for diagnosing meniscal tears. The results correlated with those obtained by MRI; this suggests that ultrasonography can be a useful imaging modality in uninjured knees.     

膝关节交叉韧带撕裂的MRI与关节镜对照研究

目的 研究膝关节交叉韧带撕裂的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法 对196例膝关节病变患者进行前瞻性研究,以关节镜结果作为金标准,分析交叉韧带损伤的MRI表现,将部分撕裂按其损伤程度分为完整和完全撕裂,比较无或单个韧带损伤与多个韧带同时损伤时的MRI诊断准确性。结果 关节镜下确诊55例患者共65条交叉韧带损伤,MRI诊断前交叉韧带完全撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为94.1％、98.1％、97.4％。多条韧带同时损伤时,MRI诊断韧带撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为88.0％、94.3％、91.7％,与无或单个韧带损伤时比较,其特异性和准确性有显著性差异(P<0.05)。 结论 MRI是诊断急性完全性交叉韧带撕裂的理想检查方法。把韧带撕裂分为低度损伤与高度损伤后,其诊断敏感性可得到提高,对于临床及关节镜手术有指导意义。而慢性损伤或多个支持结构同时损伤时,其诊断准确性降低。     

磁共振关节内增强扫描评价膝关节骨质、半月板、韧带和关节软骨损伤的准确性:与常规磁共振扫描比较

背景:常规磁共振检查可较为全面地显示关节内软组织的结构,但由于其成像后对比度欠缺等因素,在诊断关节内病变和损伤时仍存在一定的局限性.为了提高诊断的准确率,磁共振的增强扫描已应用于肝脏、脑等其他部位,但有关膝关节增强扫描的报道较少.目的:评价磁共振关节内增强扫描对膝关节损伤诊断的临床应用价值.方法:选择21例膝关节损伤患者(22膝),采用美国GE公司生产的0.5T Signa Contour磁共振扫描仪先进行常规磁共振扫描.常规扫描完成后,向关节内注入增强剂,行关节内增强扫描.所有病例均由同一医师进行关节内增强操作,由两名副主任职称以上的医师进行阅片分析和对比.结果与结论:所有病例在平扫中均发现有不同程度的关节结构损伤,包括骨质、半月板、韧带和关节软骨等.在磁共振增强扫描后进一步证实,其损伤的程度和范围上得到了更清楚的显示.同时,有2例平扫中误诊的半月板损伤,在增强扫描后得到否定;有的损伤部位在平扫中未发现的病变信号,在关节内增强扫描中被发现和证实.说明增强后磁共振扫描膝关节损伤的阳性率高于常规扫描.其中,增强前后半月板损伤诊断准确率差异有显著性意义(P=0.035).提示,与常规扫描相比,磁共振关节内增强扫描可进一步提高膝关节损伤的诊断率.     

半月板损伤的磁共振诊断与关节镜检查对照分析

目的探讨MRI和关节镜在半月板损伤中的诊断价值。方法对60（膝）例临床拟诊半月板损伤的MRI和关节镜检查结果作对照分析。结果60膝MRI确诊半月板损伤,关节镜发现半月板撕裂51个膝关节,与MRI诊断半月板Ⅲ级信号49个膝关节的结果相近。结论MRI是诊断半月板破裂极有价值的无创方法,是膝关节镜术前的重要检查。MRI与临床诊断相结合可提高半月板撕裂伤的诊断率,避免不必要的关节镜手术。     

MRI与关节镜诊断盘状半月板损伤的比较研究

目的 通过MRI与关节镜的对比探讨MRI对盘状半月板损伤的诊断价值和意义。方法 回顾本院经MRI诊断盘状半月板损伤，并根据其不同表现分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级，对照关节镜检查结果进一步分析。结果 根据MRI表现22例盘状半月板中Ⅰ级损伤4例，Ⅱ级损伤7例，Ⅲ级损伤11例；经关节镜对照诊断准确率分别为100％（4／4）、85．7％（6／7）、90．9％（10／11）。结论 MRI是诊断盘状半月板损伤的重要方法，提高MRI诊断准确率对手术治疗盘状半月板损伤有指导性意义。     

关节镜治疗半月板损伤的手术技巧及疗效研究

目的探讨关节镜治疗半月板损伤的手术技巧和临床效果。方法回顾性分析采用关节镜手术治疗的35例45膝半月板损伤的患者临床资料,其中12例为内侧半月板,15例为外侧半月板,8例为内外侧半月板。桶柄样撕裂8例,水平样撕裂6例,放射状或斜行撕裂10例,半月板关节囊分离7例,复合损伤4例,伴有前交叉韧带(ACL)或后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤5例。结果 35例45膝关节半月板损伤的病例均在关节镜下得到确诊。其中实施单纯半月扳切除术者5例,采用半月板切除(或缝合)和ACL重建者30例,手术时间45～60 min。术后随访6～18个月,症状完全消失36膝,比术前好转5膝,没改变4膝。优良率为91.11%。术后3个月关节的活动度均达到正常范围。结论关节镜下对半月板损伤的治疗创伤小,恢复快,操作简单。     

基于压缩感知技术三维MRI用于半月板损伤

目的 探讨压缩感知（CS）技术三维MRI（3D-MRI）用于膝关节成像的可行性及其评估半月板损伤的价值。方法 对26例疑诊膝关节损伤患者（损伤组）及30名健康志愿者（对照组）行膝关节MRI，采集常规脂肪抑制质子加权图像（fsPDWI）和CS-3D-MRI。记录损伤组患者关节镜检查结果。损伤组患者于关节镜检查前接受MRI，以单一DS方式（CS-DS_medium）重建图像，分析CS-3D-MRI诊断结果与关节镜结果的一致性。对照组均行右膝扫描，以3种降噪（DS）水平（CS-DS_weak、CS-DS_medium、CS-DS_strong）重建CS-3D-MRI，采用主、客观方法评价矢状位图像质量。结果 对照组不同方法重建CS图像和fsPDWI图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（Z=0.35，P=0.32）；4个序列图像信噪比（SNR）和对比信噪比（CNR）差异均有统计学意义（F=36.01、9.62，P均<0.05），CS-DS_strong图像SNR最高（P<0.05），fsPDWI与CS-DS_medium图像之间CNR值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。损伤组CS-3D-MRI均显示半月板损伤，与关节镜诊断结果的一致性强（Kappa=0.94，P<0.01）。结论 基于CS技术的3D-MRI可用于膝关节成像，能在保证图像质量的前提下缩短扫描时间，评估膝关节半月板损伤有较高价值。     

低场磁共振成像对膝关节损伤的诊断

目的 探讨低场磁共振在膝关节损伤的诊断价值.方法 对85例X线及CT检查未见异常的外伤患者进行常规SE序列T1WI、脂肪抑制T2冠状位、和T2WI、T2WI矢状位扫描.结果 骨挫伤42例,前交叉韧带撕裂12例,后交叉韧带撕裂10例,胫侧副韧带损伤23例,腓侧副韧带损伤8例;半月板撕裂35例.结论 MRI对肌肉、肌腱等软组织有较高的分辨率,可以发现膝关节隐匿性骨折,韧带、半月板损伤,滑膜囊和关节腔积液(血)等,为临床治疗提供可靠的依据.膝关节外伤X线及CT检查未见异常时,MRI是最为理想的进一步检查方法.     

前交叉韧带损伤的3D MRI诊断价值

目的 评价3D MRI在前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤诊断中的价值.方法 对膝关节损伤拟行关节镜检查的病人行术前MRI扫描,46只患膝在常规MRI序列完成后加扫3D MRI序列.在不知道病人信息和病史的情况下先评估常规MR图像,然后评估3D MR图像.评估内容限于ACL完整或撕裂的表现.最后以关节镜检查结果为准,分别计算常规MRI和3D MRI诊断ACI.损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性.结果 常规MRI诊断ACL损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为92.0%、95.2%和93.5%;3D MRI诊断ACL损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.0%、100%和97.8%.结论 3DMRI可以提高前交义韧带损伤诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性.     

The value of sonography with micro convex probes in diagnosing meniscal tears compared with arthroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: Meniscal tears are common in knee injuries. Sonography has been used in the knee to evaluate meniscal tears. Linear probes with high resolution have been used, and the overall accuracy of sonography has been more than 70% in many studies. In this study, we used a 6.5-MHz micro convex probe to evaluate meniscal tears, and the results were compared with arthroscopic findings. METHODS: Four hundred six knee joints with knee pain and a clinical indication for arthroscopy were examined from the popliteal fossa with the 6.5-MHz micro convex probe. Those patients with positive sonographic findings who had an arthroscopic examination (100 patients) were included in our study, and the results were compared. The results were statistically analyzed by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: One hundred knees with sonographic examinations underwent arthroscopic evaluation. Three age groups were included in the study (20-30, 30-40, and >40 years). Comparison of the results between the two methods showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% for sonography in detecting meniscal tears. The positive predictive value for the medial meniscus was 95%, and the negative predictive value was 100%; these values for the lateral meniscus were 93% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Meniscal tears are common in all age groups. The use of sonography allows rapid, low-cost, and noninvasive exploration of meniscal tears as a first-line diagnostic method. We recommend high-resolution micro convex probes, which better fit the anatomic concavity of the popliteal fossa, as efficient investigation tools.     

双膝关节盘状半月板MRI分型及损伤特点

目的 探讨膝关节盘状半月板的诊断标准,双膝盘状半月板的MRI分型及损伤特点。 方法 通过对2009年11月－2013年3月,13 936膝大样本量的MRI检查的盘状半月板流行病学研究,筛查出双膝关节盘状半月板956膝,并对诊断为盘状半月板的全部患者行冠状位髁间棘层面半月板宽度与胫骨平台宽度之比（板面比）、矢状位“领结样”改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度（半月板后角厚度）及矢状位“领结样”改变层数测量并分析;根据盘状半月板MRI表现分为板型、楔型、肥角型;分析双膝盘状半月板分型,比较双膝盘状半月板损伤率与总体损伤率的差别。 结果 956膝盘状半月板中伴撕裂392膝,损伤率为41.0%;筛查出45例90膝双膝盘状半月板,外侧44例,内侧1例,其中板型58膝、楔型32膝,无肥角型,伴盘状半月板撕裂23膝,损伤率为25.5%;双膝盘状半月板的损伤率低于盘状半月板总体平均值。 结论 板面比≥0.20、半月板后角厚度≥4.40 mm、矢状位连续“领结样”改变层数≥3层为盘状半月板的MRI诊断标准;双膝盘状半月板多见于外侧,分型中未见肥角型,损伤率较总体损伤率低。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of knee injuries

To better define the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of knee injuries, we analyzed 10 recently published articles comparing MRI and arthroscopy in the detection of meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears. Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for medial meniscus (MM) tears, lateral meniscus (LM) tears, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears were either obtained or calculated from data contained in each article. The medians of measurements for MM tears were 97% SN, 89% SP, 88% PPV, and 96% NPV. Measurement medians for LM tears were 85% SN, 94% SP, 86% PPV, and 95% NPV. ACL tear measurement medians were 100% SN, 96% SP, 80% PPV, and 98% NPV. High NPVs were found in several studies, many of which were 100%. The high NPV of MR imaging suggests that diagnostic arthroscopic surgery is not necessary in the evaluation of patients with negative MRI studies. The superior sensitivity of MRI in detecting frank posterior horn tears, intrasubstance meniscal tears, and significant incidental findings also suggests that screening MRI scans can facilitate preoperative planning.     

半月板周缘垂直撕裂与前交叉韧带损伤相关性的MRI研究

目的：探讨半月板周缘垂直撕裂与前交叉韧带损伤（ACL）的相关性。方法：对178例经关节镜证实,诊断为半月板撕裂的膝关MRI进行回顾性研究,对半月板撕裂的部位和裂口方向及ACL的情况进行诊断分析。并比较半月板周缘垂直撕裂患者和其他类型半月板撕裂患者ACL的发生率。结果：178例患者中有22例被证实为半月板周缘垂直撕裂,其中18例合并急性或慢性ACL,占81．8％,另4例前交叉韧带完整。在156例其他类型半月板撕裂患者中,13例合并急性或慢性ACL,占8．3％。两者比较具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论：半月板周缘垂直撕裂与急性或慢性前ACL密切相关。膝关节MRI图像上,半月板周缘垂直撕裂可作为ACL的辅助诊断依据之一,可以提高诊断ACL的准确率。     

磁共振膝关节腔造影应用于半月板撕裂的诊断

目的:探讨膝关节腔MRI造影对常规MRI检查所发现的不典型半月板撕裂有无进一步的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。 资料和方法:34例行常规MRI发现半月板病变(可疑撕裂)后附加MRI关节腔造影,手术和关节镜检查发现18例23个半月板撕裂。 结果:关节腔MRI造影诊断半月板撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性均高于常规MRI检查,尤其以特异性的提高更为显著。各级医师之间对半月板撕裂常规MRI诊断的准确率差距显著大于关节腔MRI造影。 结论:膝关节腔MRI造影可进一步提高半月板撕裂磁共振检查的准确率。     

膝关节半月板损伤的影像学检查

半月板是膝关节的重要功能性结构,然而在运动中却极易受损伤,以往对膝关节半月板损伤的影像学检查包括X线、CT、MRI。随着超声的应用,超声以其实时、无创、无射线损伤的优势已逐步应用于半月板损伤的诊断。现将半月板损伤后的各种影像学检查进行综述。     

核磁共振与关节镜对类风湿关节炎患者膝关节病变诊断的比较

目的 探讨核磁共振成像（MRI）在膝关节类风湿关节炎中的诊断价值.方法 随机选取我院2008年10月至2012年10月临床及MRI检查均高度疑为类风湿关节炎的患者106例,进一步行关节镜检查确诊,分析MRI诊断类风湿关节炎的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致率和Kappa值.结果 与关节镜金标准结果对比,MRI对诊断类风湿关节炎的病变种类包括关节积液、滑膜增厚/血管翳形成、软骨和骨侵蚀、周围软组织病变等的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致率和Kappa值分别为90.91％、88.10％、66.67％、97.37％、91.51％和0.712,MRI诊断类风湿关节炎的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致率和Kappa值分别为94.74％、83.91％、56.25％、98.48％、85.85％和0.687,膝关节软骨退行性变损害的MRI分级与关节镜分级的符合率为99.06％,Kappa值为0.654,两者具有高度一致性（P＜0.05）.结论 MRI诊断类风湿关节炎有较好的一致性,并可准确判断病变种类和软骨损伤的程度,对类风湿关节炎的早期诊断和指导临床治疗都有重要意义.