脑卒中患者睡眠障碍的护理进展

睡眠是人生的生理必需，良好的睡眠是心身健康的主要标志之一。而睡眠障碍往往是脑卒中患者常见的继发症状，有文献报道约95％脑卒中患者伴有失眠的睡眠结构紊乱，它不仅影响了患者生存质量，妨碍了精神功能恢复，还可增加血压升高或再出血、再梗死危险。随着现代医学和护理学发展，睡眠障碍的治疗及护理措施不断完善。本文就脑卒中患者睡眠障碍原因和护理措施等作一综述。     

阿尔茨海默病相关睡眠障碍的护理进展

阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的慢性疾病,其伴发的睡眠障碍可加重病情,增加社会负担。本文系统吲顾了阿尔茨海默病相关睡眠障碍的发生机制、临床表现、治疗及护理研究进展,以期改善患者的睡眠质量,提高患者的生活质量。     

精神病人睡眠障碍的观察和护理

精神病人睡眠障碍的观察和护理２５６６１４山东滨州地区复退军人医院王秀梅睡眠是大脑皮质抑制过程的扩散与加深的表现。人体只有通过睡眠才能使大脑免受内外各种刺激，使精力与体力得到恢复，保持身体健康。精神病人由于大脑功能失调，兴奋与抑制过程失去平衡，因而思维...     

老年人睡眠障碍的原因及护理进展

睡眠障碍是指睡眠的解剖部位发生病变或生理功能紊乱,引起睡眠异常及睡眠过度等症状[1]。睡眠障碍是老年人最常见的症状之一,长期反复睡眠障碍会影响老年人原发病的治疗和康复,加重或诱发某些躯体疾病,是威胁老年人身心健康的重要因素[2]。睡眠障碍对人体健康的严重危害已引起国内外学者的高度关注,成为临床研究的重点和热点。本文将近年来老年人睡眠障碍临床护理方面的研究综述如下。1老年人睡眠障碍的发生率世界卫生组织提出,发达国家或地区65岁以上者为老年人,发展中国家或地区60岁以上者为老年人。我国为发展中国家,60岁以上老年人口每…     

老年人睡眠障碍的原因及护理进展

睡眠障碍是指睡眠的解剖部位发生病变或生理功能紊乱,引起睡眠异常及睡眠过度等症状[1].睡眠障碍是老年人最常见的症状之一,长期睡眠障碍会影响老年人原发病的治疗和康复,加重或诱发某些躯体疾病,是威胁老年人身心健康的重要因素[2].本文将近年来老年人睡眠障碍临床护理方面的研究综述如下.     

睡眠障碍及其护理

睡眠障碍的发病率非常高，睡眠的缺乏很可能会导致意想不到的事故发生，作者简述了睡眠障碍的分类和原因，重点介绍了睡眠障碍的护理措施。     

日本对睡眠障碍的预防和护理

睡眠是人的生理需要和习惯现象，睡眠模式的变化和睡眠质量的改变对健康影响较大，重点介绍了睡眠质量的评价，睡眠障碍预防和护理助的措施及睡眠药物的使用。     

睡眠障碍及其护理

睡眠障碍的发病率非常高,睡眠的缺乏很可能会导致意想不到的事故发生。作者简 述了睡眠障碍的分类和原因,重点介绍了睡眠障碍的护理措施。     

住院老年患者睡眠障碍的护理进展

睡眠障碍是指睡眠量的异常及睡眠质的异常或在睡眠时发生某些临床症状,如睡眠减少或睡眠过多,梦行症等。住院老年患者长期睡眠障碍会影响原发疾病的治疗和康复,加重或诱发某些躯体疾病,是威胁患者身心健康的重要因素【1】。作为住院病人更需要有充足的睡眠,而好的睡眠被认为具有促进疾病的康复作用【3】。睡眠障碍已成为住院老年患者不可忽视的护理问题,应引起护理人员重视。本文分析了住院老年患者睡眠障碍原因,并阐述了治疗护理措施。提供合理有效的护理措施是减轻患者的症状,改善患者的睡眠,提高患者的生活质量的重要途径。现就住院老年患者睡眠障碍的相关原因和护理综述如下。     

儿童睡眠障碍的原因及护理现状

<正>儿童睡眠障碍(Sleep Disorder)是指在睡眠过程中出现的各种心理和行为异常表现,如拒绝睡眠、频繁夜醒、续睡困难、夜惊、需父母陪同等,影响儿童的睡眠结构、睡眠质量,阻碍其正常生长发育[1]。睡眠障碍是0-14岁儿童的常见问题之     

Non-pharmacological sleep interventions for adult patients in intensive care Units: A systematic review

ObjectivesTo synthesize and evaluate current non-pharmacological sleep interventions for critically ill adult patients in intensive care units and provide recommendations for future studies of non-pharmacological means of improving this population’s sleep quality.Research Methodology/DesignThe literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus and three keywords, sleep, intervention and intensive care unit were employed. All possible combinations of the keywords and similar words were considered. Included studies were primary studies, involved adult intensive care unit patients, focused on non-pharmacological sleep interventions, measured subjective and/or objective sleep quality and were published in English between January 2010 and September 2020.ResultsThe 20 included studies examined different types of non-pharmacological sleep interventions involving use of earplugs, an eye mask, white noise, music, aromatherapy, massage, acupressure, light intensity, a sleep hygiene protocol, quiet time and minimization of nursing care. Of 18 studies employing an experimental design, most reported that non-pharmacological interventions improved sleep quality. All these interventions involved environmental factors or complementary relaxation strategies.ConclusionsNon-pharmacological sleep interventions can have a positive influence on sleep quality in critically ill patients, but more research is needed to determine their effectiveness.     

Quiet time: a nursing intervention to promote sleep in neurocritical care units.

BACKGROUND: Patients in intensive care units are often sleep deprived, yet little research exists on the impact of nursing care on promoting sleep. OBJECTIVES: To determine if implementing a "quiet time" protocol to reduce external environmental stimuli is associated with increased frequency of sleep among patients in a neurocritical care unit. METHODS: Patients were observed 8 times each day before and after implementation of a protocol in which environmental sounds and lights were decreased from 2 AM to 4 AM and from 2 PM to 4 PM. Data collected at 2:45 AM, 3:30 AM, 2:45 PM, and 3:30 PM on patients with scores of 10 or greater on the Glasgow Coma Scale were analyzed. A total of 2975 observations were made on a total of 239 patients: 1446 observations on 118 patients in the control group and 1529 observations on 121 patients in the intervention group. RESULTS: The percentage of patients observed asleep was significantly higher during the months the quite-time period was implemented than during the control period before the intervention was started. The increase in sleep behavior was associated with decreased sound and light levels achieved during the quiet time. Patients observed during the intervention period were 1.6 times more likely to be asleep during the quiet time than were patients observed during the control period (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A concentrated effort by staff to reduce environmental stimuli at discrete preset intervals increases the likelihood of sleep during scheduled quiet time in the neurocritical care unit.     

护理干预对老年睡眠障碍患者睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对老年睡眠障碍患者睡眠质量的影响。方法将130例老年睡眠障碍患者随机分为实验组和对照组各65例,对照组采用一般常规护理,实验组在常规护理基础上给予适当的护理干预（心理干预、睡眠行为干预等）。结果两组患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论护理干预对提高睡眠障碍患者的睡眠质量有一定的效果。     

护理干预对维持性血液透析睡眠障碍患者的影响

目的调查维持性血液透析患者睡眠质量、焦虑和抑郁情况,探讨认知行为护理干预措施的效果。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（PSQI）、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表,对77例维持性血液透析患者进行问卷调查,对52例睡眠障碍患者给予认知行为干预和渐进性肌肉放松训练,比较干预前后睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁情况。结果本组77例维持性血液透析患者中发生睡眠质量差（PSQI〉5分）,中至重度焦虑（SAS〉60分）,中至重度抑郁（SDS〉60分）者共52例,总发生率67．5％。干预前PSQI总分为（8．60±2．69）分,干预后为（5．08±1．95）分,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义（t=7．643,P〈0．01）,焦虑评分、抑郁评分在护理干预后均有改善,与干预前比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为9．732,8．977;P〈0．01）;匹兹堡睡眠指数量表7个因子中主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续性、习惯睡眠效率、使用睡眠药物、白天功能紊乱6个因子在护理干预前后差异有统计学意义（t分别为2．127,3．371i5．674,6．399,2．255,2．039;P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论认知行为干预方法结合渐进性肌肉放松训练能降低维持性血液透析患者焦虑、抑郁水平,提高睡眠质量。     

Reiki therapy: a nursing intervention for critical care

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is not generally associated with the complexity and intensity of critical care. Most CAM therapies involve slow, calming techniques that seem to be in direct contrast with the fast-paced, highly technical nature of critical care. However, patients in critical care often find themselves coping with the pain and stress of their illness exacerbated by the stress of the critical care environment. Complementary and alternative medicine-related research reveals that complementary therapies, such as Reiki, relieve pain and anxiety and reduce symptoms of stress such as elevated blood pressure and pulse rates. Patients and health care professionals alike have become increasingly interested in complementary and alternative therapies that do not rely on expensive, invasive technology, and are holistic in focus. Reiki is cost-effective, noninvasive, and can easily be incorporated into patient care. The purpose of this article is to examine the science of Reiki therapy and to explore Reiki as a valuable nursing intervention.     

有氧运动对于改善维持性血液透析患者的睡眠障碍的护理研究

目的：对有氧运动对改善维持性血液透析患者的睡眠障碍的护理效果进行研究。方法：以我院自2014年4月至2016年4月两年间所接收的维持性血液透析患者80例作为研究对象,将其随机分为两组即观察组和对照组,每组各40例,对照组患者采取常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理基础上加以有氧运动干预,对两组患者护理前后PSQI评分及护理前、护理三个月、护理六个月ESS评分进行对比分析。结果：两组患者护理前PSQI及ESS评分对比均无显著差异,P＞0.05,无统计学意义;护理后两组患者PSQI及ESS评分均显著降低,但观察组患者评分显著优于对照组,P＜0.05,有统计学意义。结论：对维持性血液透析患者采取有氧运动干预护理能有效降低患者PSQI及ESS评分,提高患者生活质量及睡眠质量,值得在临床推广和应用。     

Non-pharmacological intervention for posterior cortical atrophy

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive visual-perceptual deficits. Although the neurocognitive profile of PCA is a growing and relatively well-established field, non-pharmacological care remains understudied and to be widely established in clinical practice. In the present work we review the available literature on non-pharmacological approaches for PCA, such as cognitive rehabilitation including individual cognitive exercises and compensatory techniques to improve autonomy in daily life, and psycho-education aiming to inform people with PCA about the nature of their visual deficits and limits of cognitive rehabilitation. The reviewed studies represented a total of 7 patients. There is a scarcity of the number of studies, and mostly consisting of case studies. Results suggest non-pharmacological intervention to be a potentially beneficial approach for the partial compensation of deficits, improvement of daily functionality and improvement of quality of life. Clinical implications and future directions are also highlighted for the advancement of the field, in order to clarify the possible role of non-pharmacological interventions, and its extent, in PCA.