Differences in substance use and sexual partnering between men who have sex with men,men who have sex with men and women and transgender women

Men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with men and women (MSM/W) and transgender women (TGW) remain the populations most severely and disproportionately impacted upon by HIV in Los Angeles County. Baseline data from community-based HIV-prevention programmes serving these populations were analysed to explore differences in demographic characteristics, substance use and sexual partnering between the three groups. Despite high HIV prevalence overall (MSM 34.7% versus MSM/W 16.1% versus TGW 21.9%, p < .001), there were striking differences in risk behaviours. Higher rates of homelessness were reported by MSM/W compared to MSM and TGW. Lower rates of education and less substance use were reported by TGW (62.2%), compared to MSM (79.7%) and MSM/W (92.6%). A much higher number of male sexual exchange partners were reported by TGW (MSM 1.04 [SD = 4.8] versus MSM/W 1.54 [SD = 10.3] versus TGW 12.37 [SD = 23.9], p < .001). Findings support the need for HIV-prevention interventions that specifically address the unique risk patterns among each population in order to curb HIV acquisition and transmission.     

重庆地区男男性行为人群多性伴行为特征及影响因素

  目的   了解重庆地区艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)阴性多性伴肛交(≥5人)男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)的人口学和性行为特征及其影响因素。   方法   从2018年6月至2019年6月, 招募重庆地区319名HIV阴性MSM, 收集其人口学特征、近半年内安全套使用率、是否感染性病、性角色、药物滥用史、是否服用过暴露后预防(post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP)药物、是否关注HIV知识和是否服用过暴露前预防(pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP)药物等信息。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析MSM人群多性伴肛交的影响因素。   结果   319名HIV阴性MSM中, 34.5%(110/319)近6个月内性伴人数≥5人; 110名多性伴MSM中, 63.6%(70/110)年龄≤28岁, 75.4%(83/110)学历为大学本科或大专; 50名报告情感状况的MSM中, 72.0%(36/50)为单身。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示, 服用过PEP药物和经常关注HIV知识是MSM多性伴肛交的主要影响因素。   结论   重庆地区HIV阴性MSM人群普遍存在多性伴肛交现象。应加大对MSM人群, 尤其是低龄MSM人群, HIV防治知识的宣教力度。在推广PrEP和PEP在MSM人群中的使用时, 应警惕其相关风险补偿。     

重庆市男男性接触者艾滋病病毒感染率及其影响因素

目的 了解重庆市男男性接触人群(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染率及其影响因素.方法 2007年7-9月在重庆市渝中区、九龙坡区和沙坪坝区通过滚雪球方式招募1044名MSM进行面对面的问卷调查,以HIV感染状况为应变量,人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识知晓水平、性行为状况、接受干预服务、梅毒感染状况等为自变量进行逐步向前法的logistic回归分析与HIV感染相关的因素.结果 调查的1044名MSM中,艾滋病防治知识知晓率高(89.5%),近6个月与男性发生无保护性的肛交比例为63.8%;梅毒感染率为8.5%(89/1044),HIV感染率为12.5%(131/1044).多因素回归分析发现,年龄较大(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.13～2.52)、文化程度在初中以下(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.17～3.05)、首次性行为年龄在18岁以下(OR=3.11,95%CI:1.20～8.02)、近6个月男性性伴数在10个以上(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.24～4.02)、近6个月与女性有性行为史(OR=2.40,95%CI:1.64～3.51)和梅毒感染(OR=4.52,95%CI:2.77～7.38)是HIV感染的独立危险因素.结论 MSM人群无保护性性行为发生率、梅毒和HIV感染率均高.     

Sexual diversity among black men who have sex with men in an inner-city community

Dramatic increases in HIV-incidence rates have been documented for Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Moreover, MSM has become a more visible HIV-transmission route in the Black community, in part due to public interest in the “down low” (i.e., “straight” men who also have sex with men). Interviews were conducted with 21 Black MSM in central Brooklyn, New York City, in efforts to understand the diversity of MSM experience in a low income, high HIV-prevalence community. Two thirds of the men identified as either heterosexual (43%) or bisexual (24%) and 15 (71%) MSM reported recent sex with women. Conformity to masculine social role expectations made it difficult to identify sex partners in the community; therefore, men relied on private sex clubs and the Internet. The findings suggest that stigma surrounding both HIV and homosexuality may effectively insure that nonheterosexual preferences and practices remain hidden in the Black community. A focus on sexual orientation and bisexuality has obscured the issue of race in the HIV/AIDS epidemic among Black MSM. In the long term, public health promotion and HIV prevention will require greater tolerance and acceptance of sexual diversity in the Black community.     

Mental health and suicidal ideation among Chinese women who have sex with men who have sex with men (MSM)

ABSTRACT

In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) are the fastest growing population at risk for HIV. They face social stigma due to both MSM behavior and HIV. In addition, concern has been raised about the mental health of wives of MSM. In this cross-sectional study, the authors examine the mental health status of a sample of 135 of these women. Participants completed an Internet-administered questionnaire in Xi’an from April to June, 2012. Most were unaware at the time of marriage that their husbands were MSM. Physical abuse was frequently reported; depressive symptom and mental health (Symptom Checklist, SCL–90) scores were significantly higher than those of the general Chinese adult female population. A majority (59.8%) of women reported suicidal thoughts after discovering their husbands’ MSM behavior; about 10% had attempted suicide. Multiple logistic regression revealed that women’s experience with anal sex was associated with 7.8 times (95% CI: 1.3–65.9) greater odds of suicidal ideation. Also, women who demonstrated mental symptoms on the SCL–90 had 2.3 times (95% CI: 1.04–5.2) the odds of suicidal ideation. These results suggest that wives of MSM have a significant need for mental health care, suicide prevention, HIV education, and social support.     

High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive men who have sex with men--16 sites, United States, 2000-2002

The majority of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are men who have sex with men (MSM). High-risk sexual behavior by HIV-positive MSM exposes sex partners to HIV. The risk for transmitting HIV from an infected partner to an uninfected partner through unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) is greater than the risk for transmission through receptive anal intercourse or oral sex. Differences in sexual risk behavior might be associated with the perceived HIV serostatus of the partner (i.e., HIV positive, HIV negative, or unknown serostatus), as well as with the sex partner type (i.e., steady or nonsteady). During May 2000-December 2002, HIV-positive MSM were interviewed in a behavioral surveillance survey at surveillance sites in 16 states. This report describes insertive anal intercourse practices reported by these MSM; findings indicated that a large percentage of HIV-positive MSM were sexually abstinent, practiced safer sexual behavior by having protected insertive anal intercourse, or had UIAI with an HIV-positive partner. However, a small percentage of HIV-positive MSM reported UIAI with partners who were HIV negative or whose serostatus was unknown; for this group, more intensive and comprehensive HIV-prevention efforts are needed to eliminate this risk behavior.     

广州市男男性行为者 HIV感染状况及影响因素

  目的  了解广州市男男性行为者（men who have sex with men,MSM）的人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染现况,并分析影响因素。  方法  2014-2017年连续四年对广州市MSM进行面对面问卷调查,采集静脉血检测HIV抗体和采用SPSS 19.0软件分析资料。  结果  本次研究共调查2 419例MSM,HIV确证阳性200例,感染率为8.27%。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,以广州市和月经济收入>0.5万元为参照,非广州市（OR=1.712,95% CI:1.176~2.492,P=0.005）和月经济收入≤ 0.5万元（OR=1.998,95% CI:1.409~2.833,P < 0.001）与MSM感染HIV存在关联。MSM被诊断为梅毒（OR=2.461,95% CI:1.375~4.405,P=0.002）和没检测梅毒（OR=2.333,95% CI:1.635~3.331,P < 0.001）、肛交角色为被动（OR=2.015,95% CI:1.244~3.267,P=0.004）和主动被动均有（OR=2.115,95% CI:1.374~3.251,P=0.001）、肛交时非每次使用安全套（OR=1.955,95% CI:1.374~2.781,P < 0.001）、肛交对象非固定（OR=2.150,95% CI:1.463~3.160,P < 0.001）是MSM感染HIV的主要危险因素。  结论  广州市MSM人群HIV感染率和高危性行为发生率高,亟需在MSM人群中扩大HIV检测范围和倡导安全性行为。     

Characteristics of recently arrived Asian men who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV through sexual health services in Melbourne and Sydney

Objectives: Asian men who have sex with men (MSM) who have recently arrived in Australia are an emergent risk group for HIV; however, little is known about how they compare to Australian MSM diagnosed with HIV. This study compared the characteristics of these two groups. Methods: A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of MSM diagnosed with HIV between January 2014 and October 2017 in Melbourne and Sydney public sexual health clinics. Asian MSM were those who had arrived in Australia within 4 years of diagnosis. Results: Among 111 Asian men, 75% spoke a language other than English, 88% did not have Medicare and 61% were international students. Compared with Australian men (n=209), Asian men reported fewer male sexual partners within 12 months (median 4 versus 10, p<0.001), were less likely to have tested for HIV previously (71% versus 89%, p<0.001) and had a lower median CD4 count (326 versus 520, p<0.001). Among Asian men, HIV subtype CRF01‐AE was more common (55% versus 16%, p<0.001) and subtype B less common (29% versus 73%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Asian MSM diagnosed with HIV reported lower risk and had more advanced HIV. Implications for public health: HIV testing and preventative interventions supporting international students are required.     

HIV transmission among black college student and non-student men who have sex with men--North Carolina, 2003

In the United States, young black men who have sex with men (MSM) and reside in urban settings have high rates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with incidence and prevalence as high as 14% and 32%, respectively. Few epidemiologic and behavioral studies have been conducted in this population, and even fewer data are available for black MSM from non-urban areas of the southern United States. In November 2002, the North Carolina Department of Health (NCDOH) identified two cases of acute HIV infection among non-Hispanic black male college students. A retrospective review of all men aged 18-30 years with HIV diagnosed during January 2000-May 2003 indicated an increase in HIV case reports in male college students, from two cases in 2000 to 56 during January 2001-May 2003. Of these 56, a total of 49 (88%) were black, and nearly all were MSM, including some men who had sex with both men and women. In August 2003, NCDOH invited CDC to assist with an epidemiologic investigation of young HIV-positive black MSM in North Carolina. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which indicated that black MSM college students and non-students in North Carolina had high rates of HIV risk behaviors, underscoring the need for enhanced HIV-prevention programs in these populations.     

天津市男男性行为人群艾滋病病毒感染情况 及影响因素调查

摘要:目的　了解天津市男男性行为人群（MSM）艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染情况,探讨该人群中HIV感染的影响因素,为进一步开展干预工作提供依据。方法　2013年7-12月,对天津市酒吧、浴池、KTV等活动场所的MSM开展问卷调查,同时进行HIV和梅毒抗体的快速检测。结果　在接受调查的1 000人中,20～39岁占89.8%,未婚占63.2%,本市户籍占65.8%,HIV感染率为1.4%,梅毒感染率为21.2%。多因素分析显示,与HIV感染有关的因素有年龄［比值比（OR）＝20.511,95%可信区间（CI）:2.446～171.995］、文化程度（OR＝6.274,95%CI:1.812～21.723）、艾滋病知识知晓情况（OR＝5.097,95%CI:1.407～18.468）、寻找性伴场所（OR＝4.734,95%CI:1.248～17.963）和最近一次肛交安全套使用情况（OR＝3.318,95%CI:1.063～10.356）。结论　年龄、文化程度、艾滋病知识知晓情况、寻找性伴场所和最近一次肛交安全套使用情况是天津市MSM人群HIV感染的主要影响因素。应针对MSM人群的特点开展有针对性的干预措施,控制HIV的传播。     

男男性行为人群与男性性伴和女性性伴的性行为特征及影响因素

  目的  了解安徽省男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）与其男性性伴和女性性伴的性行为特征及影响因素。  方法  以合肥、芜湖和六安3个城市为研究现场,采用滚雪球法和网络招募法招募MSM人群,对符合纳入标准的MSM进行匿名问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析MSM人群最近6个月发生异性性行为的危险因素。  结果  共招募1 200名MSM,最近6个月78.3% MSM与男性性伴有过肛交性行为,20.9%与女性性伴有过异性性行为,16.5%最近6个月与男性性伴、女性性伴均有过性行为。最近6个月异性性行为中的安全套坚持使用率（29.9%）明显低于同性性行为的安全套坚持使用率（53.0%）,在最近一次异性性行为中的安全套使用率（52.2%）也明显低于同性性行为中的安全套使用率（79.6%）（均有P < 0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,已婚（包括在婚/同居/离异/丧偶）、在调查城市居住时间>2年、有同性商业性行为的MSM更容易发生异性性行为。  结论  MSM人群存在较高比例的双性性行为,且安全套坚持使用率较低,应该加强对他们的性健康教育、风险感知教育和行为干预。     

男男性行为者艾滋病风险认识与知识和高危性行为关联性

目的 了解男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病风险认识现状,分析其与知识及高危性行为的关联性。方法 在四川省绵阳市采用滚雪球抽样法抽取MSM,对MSM进行艾滋同风险认识、艾滋病知识及性行为等调查并抽取静脉血进行HIV-抗体和TP-抗体检测,采用描述流行病学分析方法对结果进行分析,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型进行风险认识与知识、高危性行为关联性分析。结果 回收有效问卷1 226份,MSM平均年龄 (27.5 ± 9.0)岁,高中及以上占87.9%(1 078/1 226),未婚占81.1%(994/1 226)。艾滋病知识知晓率为97.4%(1 194/1 226),近6个月肛交有保护占71.4%(802/1 123),有风险认识占94.6%(1 160/1 226)。多因素分析结果显示,相对于无风险认识者,知晓艾滋病知识 (OR_a=18.951,95%CI:6.813~52.720)、近6个月肛交有保护(OR_a=1.821,95%CI:1.074~3.262)者有风险认识概率更高。结论 MSM具一定风险认识,风险认识与知识及高危性行为相关,知识对风险认识、风险认识对行为的促进作用明显。     

台州市男男性行为者艾滋病相关知识、行为和感染率调查

[目的]了解台州地区男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病相关知识、性行为及艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒感染率。[方法]在台州市区以方便抽样法招募MSM接受问卷调查、HIV和梅毒感染检测。[结果]共调查106名MSM,平均年龄(27.9±6.0)岁;对于艾滋病传播途径的认知率分别为血液传播83.5%、性传播86.6%和母婴传播74.2%;81.7%的对象愿意接受自愿咨询检测;81.9%的对象曾与其他城市MSM约会;72.9%的对象有1名或多名女性性伴;94.6%的对象发生过肛交,且安全套使用率较低,其中22.1%有过群交行为;38.9%曾召过女性性服务,35.5%曾召过男男性服务,15.3%曾提供过男男性服务;HIV抗体阳性率为3.9%,梅毒抗体阳性率为24.7%。[结论]台州地区MSM人群存在着多性伴、安全套使用率低、商业性行为普遍等高危行为,艾滋病、梅毒感染率较高,与周边城市MSM人群联系密切,是台州地区艾滋病防控的重点人群。     

磷酸可待因滥用与MSM人群HIV感染及相关高危行为的关联性

目的 了解男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群磷酸可待因的滥用情况,分析滥用磷酸可待因与(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染及相关高危行为的关系。 方法 采用访谈式问卷收集2012年6月－2013年6月,中国7城市MSM人群的社会人口学、性行为、磷酸可待因及其他药物滥用行为等信息。采集静脉血检测HIV抗体。 结果 4 492名MSM调查对象中,84名(1.87%)自报近半年内有磷酸可待因滥用经历。滥用者近半年内发生同性商业性行为(AOR=3.431,95%CI:2.104~5.593)、肛门出血(AOR=2.052,95%CI:1.243~3.387)、安全套破裂(AOR=2.735,95%CI:1.578~4.741)、群体性行为(AOR=4.573,95%CI:2.454~8.521)、吸食rush(AOR=2.759,95%CI:1.763~3.387)和存在部分特定性病症状(AOR=4.926,95%CI:2.880~8.426)的风险均显著更高。吸食过rush(AOR=1.509,95%CI:1.219~1.869)、肛门出血(AOR=1.595,95%CI:1.246~2.041)和存在部分特定性病症状(AOR=1.689,95%CI:1.192~2.392)与HIV感染呈正相关。未发现滥用磷酸可待因与HIV感染之间的显著关联性(OR=1.289,95%CI:0.588~2.825)。 结论 尽管MSM群体中磷酸可待因滥用还不普遍,但相关滥用者容易发生与HIV感染相关的各类高危行为,间接增加其HIV感染风险。卫生部门需进一步加强关注和监测MSM群体的磷酸可待因滥用情况,控制该人群HIV的流行和扩散。     

有导致出血的性施虐一受虐行为的男男性行为者行为特征研究

目的 探讨有导致出血的性施虐-受虐行为的男男性行为者(MSM)的行为特征,并分析与HIV/AIDS高危行为等之间关系.方法 采用改良型"滚雪球"抽样法(定向抽样法)进行横断面调查.从MSM有效问卷中获取有导致出血的性施虐-受虐行为者,并在无此行为者中选取比较组进行研究,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 有导致出血的性施虐-受虐行为组累计同性性伴数(M=20)、肛交(M=10)、口交(M=10)、手交(M=15)同性性伴数及近6个月同性性伴数(M=4)、肛交(M=3)、手交(M=3)同性性伴数均高于或显著高于比较组.有导致出血的性施虐-受虐行为组近6个月性交中安全套曾破裂或滑脱(22.6%)、曾罹患性传播感染(28.0%)、曾参与群交(34.8%)、近6个月曾在MSM活动场所与陌生同性性交(62.2%)、有过主动或被动的吻肛(64.0%)、拳交(18.9%)、指交行为(66.7%)、性交过程中曾出血(58.3%)、首次性交对象为未成年人(33.8%)、曾有过强烈自杀念头(33.3%)及自杀未遂行为(23.6%)的百分率,均高于或显著高于比较组.结论 有导致出血的性施虐-受虐行为的MSM与HW/AIDS相关的高危行为,显著多于无此行为者,该人群是在健康干预工作中需特殊关注的亚人群.     

河北省廊坊市男男性行为人群艾滋病/性传播疾病危险行为与感染率现况调查

目的 了解廊坊市区男男性行为(MSM)人群人口学和行为学特征及HIV与梅毒感染率.方法 2007年10-11月间在廊坊市、MSM场所和网络共招募MSM 118人,采用面对面访谈的方式完成问卷106份,调查收集了同性关系、异性关系、性接触方式以及HIV和梅毒的感染信息.结果 不同方式招募的MSM在年龄、婚姻状况和职业特征上存在差别(P＜0.05).约90.0%的人认同自己的同性性取向,82.1%的人保持着与男性的性接触,50.4%的人和女性保持着性关系.该人群性接触方式的比例由高到低依次为肛交(87.7%)、口交(58.5%)、吻肛(32.1%)、拳交(15.1%)和群交(8.5%).17.0%的人表示曾经发生过性交出血的情况.在HIV防范意识方面,仅有31.1%的人意识到自己有感染HIV的风险,23.6%的人曾经做过HIV检测.参加检测的84名MSM中HIV感染率为4.8%,梅毒抗体携带率为22.6%.结论 MSM人群艾滋病/性传播疾病防治意识较为薄弱,HIV和梅毒的感染率较高,亟需通过多种方式在该人群中开展针对性干预工作.     

Primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men--New York City, 2001

After declining steadily for 10 years, the number of reported cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis more than doubled in New York City (NYC) from 117 in 2000 to 282 in 2001. The increases have occurred primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). Of particular concern is the high proportion of syphilis cases among MSM who also have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This report summarizes 2001 P&S syphilis data for NYC and compares it with surveillance data for 1999 and 2000; findings indicate a substantial increase in the number of syphilis cases among MSM. These data suggest increases in high-risk sexual behavior among some MSM and underscore the importance of coordinating efforts between the MSM community public health officials, and health-care providers to strengthen HIV-prevention efforts.     

Anthropological assessment for culturally appropriate interventions targeting men who have sex with men

Although social and cultural factors play a fundamental role in the health of sexual minority populations and the development of culturally appropriate interventions, public health activities and research have sometimes lacked appropriate sophistication or attention to issues of cultural competency. In areas such as HIV prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM), biomedical interpretations of same-sex phenomena should be applied with caution. Communities and societies may broadly understand same-sex desire, attraction, behavior, and identity through age-structured/initiatory, gender-defined, profession/social role-defined, or egalitarian/gay frameworks. When more detailed, locally specific information is required, such as for youth, ethnic minorities, or urban versus rural populations, the approach to rapid anthropological assessment presented can provide nuanced insights for effective health programs targeting MSM.     

Battering victimization among a probability-based sample of men who have sex with men

OBJECTIVES: This study measured the prevalence of battering victimization (i.e., experience of psychological/symbolic, physical, and sexual battering) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and identified characteristics of these men. METHODS: A probability-based sample of 2881 MSM living in 4 cities completed telephone interviews between 1996 and 1998. RESULTS: Prevalence estimates were 34% for psychological/symbolic battering, 22% for physical battering, and 5% for sexual battering. The strongest demographic correlate independently associated with all forms of battering was age 40 or younger, whereas education and HIV serostatus were associated with physical and psychological/symbolic violence. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of battering victimization among urban MSM are substantially higher than among heterosexual men and possibly heterosexual women. Public health efforts directed toward addressing intimate partner battering among these men are needed.     

Sexual identities and sexual health within the Celtic nations: An exploratory study of men who have sex with men recruited through social media

ABSTRACT

Associations of sexual identity with a range of sexual and sexual health behaviours were investigated amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Data from 1816 MSM recruited from 4 Celtic nations (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) were collected via a cross-sectional online survey advertised via social media. About 18.3% were non-gay identified MSM (NGI-MSM). In the last year, 30% of NGI-MSM reported high-risk unprotected anal intercourse and 45% reported never having had an sexually transmitted infection (STI) test. When compared to MSM who were gay identified (GI-MSM), NGI-MSM were more likely to be older, have a female partner, fewer sex partners, fewer anal sex partners, STI diagnoses and less likely to be HIV positive, more likely to never use the gay scene and be geographically further from a gay venue. NGI-MSM were also less likely to report STI and HIV testing behaviours. The findings highlight variations in risk by sexual identities, and unmet sexual health needs amongst NGI-MSM across Celtic nations. Innovative research is required regarding the utility of social media for reaching populations of MSM and developing interventions which target the heterogeneity of MSM and their specific sexual health needs.