The effects of bridge exercise with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on an unstable surface on the abdominal muscle thickness of healthy adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a bridge exercise with an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) performed with different surface conditions on abdominal muscle thickness. [Subjects] Thirty subjects were randomly divided into an unstable bridge exercise group (UBE group, n=15) and a stable bridge exercise group (SBE group, n=15). [Methods] After 6 weeks of performing bridge exercises accompanied by ADIM, the change in the muscle thicknesses of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique abdominis (IOA) muscles was assessed using ultrasonography. [Results] After 6 weeks of exercise, the TrA was significantly altered in the SBEG, and the TrA and IOA were both significantly changed in the UBEG. [Conclusion] When performing bridge exercises to increase the Tra and the IO muscle thicknesses, exercising on an unstable surface is recommended.Key words: Transversus abdominis, Bridge exercise, Abdominal drawing-in maneuver     

The effects of a bridge exercise with vibration training and an unstable base of support on lumbar stabilization

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a bridge exercise with vibration training and an unstable base of support on lumbar stabilization. [Subjects] This study assigned healthy adults in their 20s to a bridge exercise with a sling and vibration group (BESV, n=20) and a bridge exercise with a sling group (BESG, n=20). [Methods] Electromyography was used to comparatively analyze the activity of the internal obliques (IO), external obliques (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) when local vibration was applied during a bridge exercise that used a sling as an unstable base of support. [Results] There were statistically significant increases in the activity of the IO and EO within each group after the intervention. The activity of the IO and the EO was significantly higher in the BESV group than in the BES group after the intervention. [Conclusion] The bridge exercise performed using vibration training on an unstable base of support increased the activity of the IO and the EO, which improved lumbar stabilization.Key words: Bridge exercise, Vibration, Lumbar stabilization     

Effects of performing an abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during curl-up exercise on an unstable surface

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during the curl-up exercise on an unstable surface by measuring electromyography (EMG) activity. [Subjects] Fourteen young healthy adults (nine male, five female) voluntarily participated in this study. [Methods] Each subject was asked to perform a curl-up exercise on two supporting surfaces (stable and unstable surfaces) combined with the abdominal hollowing exercise on an unstable surface. The muscle activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) were measured using surface EMG during performance of the curl-up exercise. [Results] The EMG activity of the RA and EO was significantly higher on an unstable surface than on a stable surface during the curl-up exercise. The EMG activities of the TrA and IO were greater in combination with the abdominal hollowing exercise on an unstable surface than during the curl-up exercise on both a stable and unstable surface. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that the local trunk muscle activity during the curl-up exercise is more strongly affected by combination with the abdominal hollowing exercise than by performance on an unstable supporting surface.Key words: Abdominal hollowing exercise, Curl-up exercise, Unstable surface     

Effects of bridge exercise performed on an unstable surface on lumbar stabilizing muscles according to the knee angle

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of bridge exercise performed on an unstable surface on lumbar stabilizing muscles according to the knee angle. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy adult men were selected for this study. [Methods] The study subjects performed the bridge exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface, with the knees at different angles (45°, 90°, and 120°). An aero-step device was used as the unstable surface, and the flat ground was used as the stable surface. External oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis muscle activities were assessed and compared using electromyography. [Results] The study results demonstrated that performing the bridge exercise on an unstable surface with a knee angle of 120° led to a greater increase in the external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis muscle activities than when performed on a stable surface. [Conclusion] The bridge exercise with the knees at a 120° angle was found to be an effective intervention for increasing the external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis muscle activities.Key words: Bridge exercise, Knee joint angle, Lumbar stabilization     

Effects of running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in on gait characteristics of healthy adults

[Purpose] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in on the gait characteristics of healthy adults. [Subjects] The total number of subjects was 30, and 15 were randomly placed in the training group (TG) and 15 in the control group (CG). [Methods] To determine the gait characteristics of TG and CG, step length difference (SLD), stance phase difference (STPD), swing phase difference (SWPD), single support difference (SSD), and step time difference (STD) were evaluated using OptoGait, a gait analysis system. [Results] When the pre-intervention and post-intervention results of TG and CG were compared, statistically significant differences in SLD, SWPD, SSD, and STD of TG were found. [Conclusion] Running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in might help reduce the deviation between left and right gait variables during walking.Key words: Running in place, Abdominal drawing-in, Gait characteristics     

Effects of running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in on the posture of healthy adults

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effect of running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in on the posture of healthy adults. [Subjects] A total of 30 subjects were divided into a training group and a control group, each containing 15 subjects. [Methods] The training group performed running in place accompanied by abdominal drawing-in for 30 min daily, three times a week for six weeks. Trunk inclination (TIN), trunk imbalance (TIM), pelvic position (PPO), pelvic torsion (PTO), pelvic rotation (PRO), and position of the scapulae (PSA) were assessed using BackMapper for both the training group and the control group before and after the experiment. [Results] Comparison of the results of the training and control groups before and after the experiment showed that the training group had statistically significant changes in TIN, TIM, PPO, PTO, and PSA, while the control group had no statistically significant changes in any items. [Conclusion] Running in place can be conveniently utilized by students or workers, regardless of time and place, as an exercise for postural improvement.Key words: Running in place, Posture, BackMapper     

The effect of modified bridge exercise on balance ability of stroke patients

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a modified bridging exercise on stroke patients with improvement in weight bearing on the affected side in standing and static balancing ability. [Subjects] Thirty patients who had a stroke were randomly allocated into a supine bridge exercise group (SBG, n=10), a supine bridge exercise on a TOGU balance pad group (SBTG, n=10), and a unilateral bridge exercise group (UBG, n=10). [Methods] The SBG patients underwent supine bridge exercise, the SBTG patients underwent supine bridge exercise with a TOGU balance pad, and the UBG patients underwent unilateral bridge exercise. All groups received 20 minutes of training per day, five times per week, for four weeks. [Results] All groups showed significant changes in weight bearing in a standing position after the intervention. The SBTG and UBG groups showed significant changes in balance ability. [Conclusion] According to the results of this study, bridge exercise was effective in improving weight bearing in a standing position and improving balance on stroke patients. The bridge exercise with a TOGU balance pad and the unilateral bridge exercise were especially more effective in anterior, posterior length in limit of stability following on standing.Key words: Bridge exercise, Stroke, Balance     

Effects of closed chain exercises for the lumbar region performed with local vibration applied to an unstable support surface on the thickness and length of the transverse abdominis

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of closed chain exercises performed with local vibration applied to an unstable support surface on the thickness and length of the transverse abdominis. [Subjects] The subjects were 64 healthy university students who were randomly assigned to a bridge exercise with sling and vibration group (BESVG, n=30) and a bridge exercise with sling group (BESG, n=34). [Methods] The bridge exercise was repeated four times per set and a total of 18 sets were performed: 9 sets in a supine position and 9 sets in a prone position. In both the BESVG and the BESG groups, the thickness and length of the transverse abdominis (TrA) were measured using ultrasonography with the abdomen “drawn-in” and the pressure of a biofeedback unit maintained at 40 mmHg, both before and after the intervention. [Results] In intra-group comparisons, the BESVG showed significant increases in the thickness of the TrA and significant decreases in the length of the TrA. The BESG showed significant increases in the thickness of the TrA. The BESVG showed significant increases in the thickness of the TrA and significant decreases in the length of the TrA compared to BESG. [Conclusion] Closed chain exercises for the lumbar region performed with local vibration applied to slings, which are unstable support surfaces, are an effective intervention for altering the thickness and length of the TrA.Key words: Closed chain exercise, Vibration, Transverse abdominis     

The effect of social support on exercise behavior in older adults

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship among social supports related to exercise (family, friends, and expert support), self-efficacy expectations, outcome expectations, and exercise behavior in a sample of older adults living in a continuing care retirement community. The sample included 74 older adults with a mean age of 85.6 +/- 5.5. Path analysis using Amos 4.0 was done. The model fit the data (chi-square = 4.6, df = 3, p = .21, normed fit index of .99, relative fit index of .98, and root mean square error of approximation of .08) and explained 53% of the variance in exercise behavior. Five of the seven hypothesized paths in the model were statistically significant. Friend support indirectly influenced exercise through self-efficacy and outcome expectations. This suggests interventions to improve exercise behavior in older adults should incorporate social supports to strengthen self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to exercise.     

The effects of dynamic exercise utilizing PNF patterns on abdominal muscle thickness in healthy adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of dynamic exercise utilizing the PNF (proprioceptor neuromuscular facilitation) patterns accompanied by abdominal drawing-in exercises on abdominal muscle thickness in healthy adults. [Subjects] The total number of subjects was 30;15 were randomly placed in the training group (TG), and the remaining 15 made up the control group (CG). [Methods] The subjects in the TG conducted 3–5 sets of dynamic exercises utilizing the PNF patterns each day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The thickness of the abdominal muscles was measured by ultrasonography. [Results] When the TG’s abdominal muscle thickness pre-test and post-test were compared in this study, there was a statistical significance in all of the external obliquus abdominis (Eo), the internal obliquus abdominis (Io), and the transversus abdominis (Tra). [Conclusion] Dynamic exercise utilizing the PNF patterns increased the thickness of the abdominal muscles that are the basis of trunk stabilization.Key words: Dynamic exercise, PNF patterns, Abdominal muscle thickness     

The effect of superficial trunk muscle exercise and deep trunk muscle exercise on the foot pressure of healthy adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of superficial trunk muscle exercise and deep trunk muscle exercise on the foot pressure of healthy adults. [Subjects] The subjects were 30 healthy females and males who agreed to participate in this study. There were two groups, a superficial trunk muscle exercise group and a deep trunk muscle exercise group, with 15 participants in each. [Methods] The exercises were conducted 5 times a week for 4 weeks for both groups. A gait analyzer was used to measure foot plantar pressure while walking on a plate. Participants were measured before starting the exercise and after 4 weeks. The paired t-test was used to analyze the pre-and post-test results. [Results] There were no significant differences in foot pressure in any region in the superficial trunk muscle exercise group. In the deep trunk muscle exercise group, there were statistically significant increase in F1, F4, F5, R1 and R3. In addition, there were significant decreases in R2 and R4. [Conclusion] After the 4-week deep trunk muscle exercise group decreases in foot pressure on the inner foot and increases on the outside of the feet indicate normal and overall even distribution of body weight on the feet.Key words: Superficial trunk muscle exercise, Deep trunk muscle exercise, Foot pressure     

The effects of gluteus muscle strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscle strength and balance in chronic low back pain patients

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise to strengthen themuscles of the hip together with lumbar segmental stabilization exercise on the lumbardisability index, lumbar muscle strength, and balance. [Subjects and Methods] This studyrandomly and equally assigned 40 participants who provided written consent to participatein this study to a lumbar segmental stabilization exercise plus exercise to strengthen themuscles of the gluteus group (SMG + LES group) and a lumbar segmental stabilizationexercise group. [Results] Each evaluation item showed a statistically significant effect.[Conclusion] Clinical application of exercise in this study showed that lumbar segmentalstabilization exercise plus exercise to strengthen the muscles of the gluteus resulted ina greater decrease in low back pain disability index and increase in lumbar musclestrength and balance ability than lumbar segmental stabilization exercise in chronic lowback pain patients receiving the exercise treatments during the same period.     

Effect of the lumbar stability exercise on the height difference between shoulders and range of motion in older adults

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the lumbar stability exercise on the range of motion (ROM) and height difference of the shoulder and to provide basic data to prevent musculoskeletal disorders for improvement of the quality of life of older adults. [Participants and Methods] Twenty older adults without musculoskeletal problems were divided into the lumbar stability exercise group and the passive upper arm exercise group and performed exercise for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The shoulder flexion, abduction, extension, and height difference between shoulders were measured. A paired t-test was applied for comparative analysis of data before and after exercise in both groups. [Results] In the lumbar stability exercise group, the shoulder flexion, abduction and height difference were significantly different. In the passive upper arm exercise group, the abduction was significantly different. [Conclusion] Since it was proved that the height difference and range of motion of shoulder are improved when the lumbar stability exercise is indirectly carried out without directly doing shoulder exercise, it is suggested that the lumbar stability exercise is strongly recommended for clinical uses to improve functions in older adults.     

水中核心稳定训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者的疗效观察

目的研究水中核心稳定训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者功能恢复的临床疗效。方法选取住院及门诊治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者40例,按随机数表法将患者分为对照组和试验组,每组20例,两组患者均采用常规康复治疗方案包括物理因子治疗、牵引治疗及推拿手法治疗等,试验组在此基础上增加水中核心稳定训练,于治疗前及治疗4周后分别对两组患者进行下腰痛评分表(JOA)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、健康状况调查简表(SF-36)以及腰椎关节活动范围(ROM)评估,以比较两组患者治疗前后的差异性。结果治疗前两组JOA、VAS、SF-36及ROM 4个方面评估差异无统计学意义,治疗4周后4个方面评分较治疗前均有明显提高且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组之间治疗后比较,试验组各项评分[JOA(25.67±6.17)分、VAS(1.56±1.71)分、SF-36(73.25±12.17)分]明显优于对照组[JOA(21.65±6.78)分、VAS(2.26±1.46)分、SF-36(64.37±11.32)分],ROM也明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论水中核心稳定训练能明显改善腰椎间盘突出症患者症状和功能,同时可有效改善患者生活质量。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者首次核心稳定性训练前后表面肌电信号分析

目的：分析腰椎间盘突出症患者首次核心稳定性训练前后即刻的表面肌电信号特征。方法收集诊断明确且符合纳入标准的腰椎间盘突出症患者30例,均在专业的治疗师指导下进行一次核心稳定性训练,应用Biering-Sorensen腰背肌等长收缩测试方法,于腰部两侧竖脊肌及多裂肌处记录核心稳定性训练前和训练后即刻的表面肌电信号,并提取平均肌电值（AEMG）、中位频率值（MF）进行统计学分析。结果训练前的痛侧竖脊肌MF值、多裂肌MF值、多裂肌AEMG值均小于非痛侧,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=3.44、6.06、4.02,P均＜0.05）;训练后的痛侧竖脊肌MF值、多裂肌MF值、多裂肌AEMG值仍小于非痛侧,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=2.24、6.27、4.12,P均＜0.05）;训练后痛侧竖脊肌与多裂肌AEMG值较训练前增大,但均差异无统计学意义（t分别=1.65、1.23,P均＞0.05）;训练后痛侧多裂肌MF值较训练前低,差异有统计学意义（t=3.91,P＜0.05）。结论核心稳定性训练可激活腰椎间盘突出症患者腰背部核心肌群,可针对性的应用于深层核心肌群多裂肌的强化训练。     

Effects of selective exercise for the deep abdominal muscles and lumbar stabilization exercise on the thickness of the transversus abdominis and postural maintenance

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of selective exercise for the deep abdominal muscles (SEDA) and lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) on the thickness of the transversus abdominis and postural maintenance on an unstable base of support. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 20 male and 10 female adults in their 20s without lumbar pain. They were equally and randomly assigned to a SEDA group and a LSE group. The thickness of the transversus abdominis was measured using ultrasound imaging during rest and drawing-in. The thickness of the transversus abdominis was measured when subjects raised their right and left legs while lying on a Swiss ball. [Results] Initially, there were no differences between the two groups. After the intervention, significant differences were observed in all parameters. A significant interaction between group and period was not found for any parameters. [Conclusion] In conclusion, both SEDA and LSE thickened the transversus abdominis, which is a deep abdominal muscle, thereby adjusting posture, and stabilizing the trunk. These exercises increased the thickness of the deep abdominal muscles. They are important exercises for improving the stability of athletes or patients who need postural adjustment.Key words: Transversus abdominis, Selective exercise, Lumbar stabilization     

Effect of a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks on the balance and gait of stroke patients

[Purpose] This study aimed to assess the effect of a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks on the balance and gait of stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups 10 to an experimental group that performed a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks and 10 to a control group. The control group performed a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise program. Balance was measured with the Berg Balance Scale. Gait was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test. The paired t-test was used to compare groups before and after the experiment. The independent t-test was conducted to assess differences in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. [Results] Within-group comparison in the experimental group showed significant differences in the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test. In a comparison between groups, the differences in the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test in the experimental group appeared significant compared with the control group. [Conclusion] The results of the experiment indicate that a virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks has a positive effect on the balance and gait of stroke patients.Key words: Virtual reality exercise program accompanied by cognitive tasks, Balance, Gait     

The effect of Swiss ball exercise and resistance exercise on balancing ability of scoliosis patients

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to closely examine the efficiency of Swiss ball exercise and resistance exercise in improving the on the static balancing ability by applying them to patients with scoliosis and to compare the effects of the interventions. [Subjects] Forty scoliosis patients were divided into a Swiss ball exercise group (SEG, N = 20) and a Resistance exercise group (REG, N = 20) randomly. [Methods] SEG conducted chest stretching, trunk exercise using the Swiss ball. REG conducted chest stretching, trunk exercise with therapist’s resistance. Both groups received training 30 min per day, five times per week, for eight weeks. [Results] Both SEG and REG showed significant differences between pre- and post-mediation in terms of weight distribution, sway area, sway length, sway speed, and limit of stability. Sway speed and limit of stability had increased more significantly in REG than in SEG. [Conclusion] According to the result of this study, both Swiss ball exercise and chest Resistance exercise were effective for improving on the static balancing ability. But we suggest resistance exercise is more efficient to increase of sway speed, limit of stability.Key words: Scoliosis, Swiss ball exercise, Resistance exercise     

The effect of lumbar back support tension on trunk muscle activity

OBJECTIVE: Assess the effect of different controlled lumbar back support tightness levels on trunk muscle activity. DESIGN: Two-way repeated measure design assessing lumbar back support tension and submaximal trunk extension moments on trunk muscle electromyographic activity. BACKGROUND: Biomechanical studies on lumbar back supports often use electromyography (EMG) to assess the affect on trunk muscle activity. However, the lumbar back support may alter the electromyographic signal by changing the electrode-muscle distance. METHODS: Subjects performed trunk extensions at three static submaximal extension moment levels (25%, 50% and 75% MVC) while stabilized at the hips and shoulders, with the back support tensioned to three different tightness levels (44.5, 66.7 and 89.0 N) as well as a no-back support condition. RESULTS: Statistical analysis failed to find a significant effect (P相似文献   

The effect of abdominal muscle strengthening on pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of abdominal strengthening on pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis in healthy subjects with established abdominal weakness, in a relaxed standing position. Data were collected on 20 subjects, before and after an 8 week abdominal muscle strengthening programme. Abdominal muscle strength was tested using a modification of Kendall's leg-lowering test, pelvic tilt was measured using a pelvic inclinometer, and lumbar lordosis was measured using a flexible ruler. Twenty control subjects were used to determine reliability of the measurements over the 8 week period. The intra-class correlation coefficients calculated for measures of pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis and abdominal strength were 0.87, 0.96 and 0.55 respectively, demonstrating reliability of these measures over the 8 week period. In the subsequent ANCOVA, controlling for pre-test scores, post-test mean muscle strength in the experimental group was found to be significantly greater than in the control group. However, there were no differences in mean post-test pelvic tilt or lumbar lordosis between the groups. Based on the results of this study, the clinical practice of strengthening the abdominal musculature to affect change in lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in standing posture needs to be reconsidered.