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Bethany M. Coston 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(2):164-170
Background
Research on disabled non-heterosexual women's post-intimate partner violence mental health outcomes—such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use—is lacking.Objective
To examine the impact of the intersection of disability and sexual orientation on women's post-intimate partner violence mental health outcomes: including difficulty sleeping, missing school or work, or reporting some post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology and a self-reported subjective measure of overall wellbeing.Methods
Data come from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (2010). A series of chi-square analyses were conducted (applying standardized sample weights and adjusting standard errors for both clustering and stratification for survey data).Results
Bisexual women are significantly more likely than straight women to report being disabled prior to victimization, but all disabled women—regardless of sexual orientation—are equivalently likely to rate their mental health as poor and/or actively experience difficulty sleeping, difficulty going to work or school, and/or PTSD.Conclusions
Aligned with previous work, this study finds that bisexual women are significantly more likely than straight women to be disabled prior to experiencing all forms of intimate partner violence; and that disabled women, generally, are significantly more likely than not-disabled women to experience the negative mental health consequences of that violence. However, contrary to previous work, there are no sexual orientation disparities in said mental health outcomes among disabled women. Clinically, it is important for health care providers to be aware of the significant impact of intimate partner violence on the disabled women they regularly provide care to. 相似文献3.
Colleen M. Heflin Claire E. Altman Laura L. Rodriguez 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(2):220-226
Background
Households with a disabled adult are disproportionately food insecure, yet the mechanisms linking food insecurity to disability are under-specified.Objective
To develop and empirically examine a model of the potential pathways connecting specific types of disability with food insecurity.Methods
With pooled, repeated cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (1999–2014) including 38,354 participants, we ran probit models to estimate the probability of being food insecure as a function of different sets of disability measures and our control variables. We explored the extent to which these patterns differed for prime-aged individuals (19–59) from those age 60 and older.Results
Work-limiting disabilities, functional limitations, and trouble managing money were associated with an increased likelihood of food insecurity for both prime-aged and older individuals, net of other forms of disability. Mobility limitations, trouble seeing, and trouble hearing increased the likelihood of food insecurity for prime-aged individuals only.Conclusion
These findings suggest that disabilities are associated with food insecurity through multiple pathways. Revised public health and policy solutions are needed to address the high rates of food insecurity among those with disabilities. 相似文献4.
Background
Numerous studies have reported people with disabilities are more likely to be obese and engaged in unhealthy lifestyles. Few studies explored the mechanism of health-related lifestyles and obesity among people with disabilities.Objective
We aimed to investigate health-related lifestyles and obesity in relation to disability among Australian adults. We further aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of psychological distress for disability in relation to health related lifestyles and obesity.Methods
Using the National Health Survey conducted in 2015 in Australia, we considered non-institutionalised adult participants (aged 18 + years old) as our study population (n = 11,598). Study outcomes included currently smoking, smoking daily, alcohol consumption, physical exercises, and obesity. We considered high psychological distress (Kessler 10 scores ≥ 22) a potential mediator for the disability-lifestyles and disability-obesity associations. Sample weights were calculated allowing for complex survey design. Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were evaluated using weighted Logistic regression models.Results
Compared to their disability-free counterparts, people with disabilities were more likely to be current smokers (aOR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.08–1.47) and have obesity problems (1.44, 1.27–1.64), and were less likely to do physical exercises (0.67, 0.58–0.77), after controlling for socio-environmental factors. In the presence of high psychological distress, the disability-smoking association was no longer significant, and associations of disability-exercise (0.72, 0.62–0.84) and disability-obesity (1.38, 1.22–1.57) were influenced but remained significant.Conclusion
High psychological distress demonstrated important mediating effects. Tailored mental health care for people with disabilities might have the utility to reduce unhealthy behaviors. 相似文献5.
Background
Over 40 million people in the U.S. experience mental illness and/or disabilities. However, there has been limited characterization of the relationship between mental health and disability in national surveys.Objective
To examine associations between current indicators for psychological distress, serious mental illness, and disability in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).Methods
Secondary analysis (univariate and multivariate log-binomial estimation of relative risk) of non-specific psychological distress, duration of serious mental illness, disability types, and demographic factors in adults from the NHIS.Results
Strong associations between psychological distress, serious mental illness, and disability types were found. After demographic stratifications and adjustment, associations were strongest for cognitive disabilities, compared to other disability types. Adults reporting serious psychological distress or more than 10 years of serious mental illness were 19.7 (17.8, 21.7) and 11.0 (10.2, 12.0) times more likely to report cognitive disabilities, compared to adults reporting no psychological distress or serious mental illness. After sex and race/ethnicity adjustment, individuals ages 35–54 years reporting serious psychological distress or more than 10 years of serious mental illness were 8.6 (6.9, 10.6) and 3.7 (3.3, 4.2) times more likely to report cognitive disabilities, compared to individuals ages 35–54 years reporting no psychological distress or serious mental illness.Conclusions
There is a robust association between mental health and cognitive disabilities among adults. Our results suggest health agencies and public policy consider addressing the concurrent nature of mental illness and cognitive disabilities in services and programs for adults with disabilities. 相似文献6.
Background
This research deals with the way people create discourses around disability, which shape the community's concept of disability.Objective
The purpose of this article is to find out how the community configures "disability", in particular by understanding the ideas, needs and strategies that the community uses towards people with disabilities. Specifically, different roles have been involved, such as professionals, volunteers, family members and citizens. The final aim is intervening on the discourses that can contrast the full personal fulfilment of people with disabilities and social inclusion.Methods
This paper relates to discursive psychology's theoretical references and makes use of the Methodology of Textual Analysis. The tools we used include investigation protocols specially designed to detect text both through manual "pencil and paper" and computerized denominations.Results
The results show that those who are in direct contact with people with disabilities (volunteers and family members) are more exposed to treating them as disabled, making the deficit coincide with the person and also have a more judgemental approach.Conclusions
From the results obtained we can see which practices can be activated to facilitate the network between the various roles in order to implement inclusive interventions and help those more exposed to prejudices. 相似文献7.
The relation of abuse to physical and psychological health in adults with developmental disabilities
Rosemary B. Hughes Susan Robinson-Whelen Dora Raymaker Emily M. Lund Mary Oschwald Marsha Katz Albert Starr Elesia Ashkenazy Laurie E. Powers Christina Nicolaidis 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(2):227-234
Background
People with developmental disabilities are at disproportionately high risk of abuse. Although considerable evidence exists on the health-related consequences of abuse in the general population, little is known about those consequences in people with developmental disabilities.Objective
To examine the relation of abuse with psychological and physical health outcomes in adults with developmental disabilities.Methods
We used an accessible audio computer-assisted self-interview to collect anonymous data on demographic and disability characteristics, childhood and adult abuse experiences, and physical and psychological health from 350 women and men with developmental disabilities. Abuse experience was reflected by five factor scores consisting of three child abuse factors (childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, childhood disability-related abuse) and two adult abuse factors (adult sexual abuse, adult mixed abuse). We examined each of four health outcomes (depression, post trraumatic stress disorder, physical health symptoms, secondary health conditions) separately to determine the extent to which childhood and adult abuse experiences uniquely predicted psychological and physical health outcomes above and beyond demographic and disability-related characteristics.Results
All five abuse factor scores were significantly related to all four health outcomes. When examined simultaneously, childhood disability-related abuse and adult mixed abuse accounted for unique variance in outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed no difference in the impact of abuse by gender.Conclusions
In this study, childhood disability-related abuse and adult mixed abuse significantly predicted lower levels of psychological and physical health in a sample of adults with developmental disabilities. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing abuse and its sequalae in the developmental disabilities community. 相似文献8.
Emerald G. Heiland Anna-Karin Welmer Rui Wang Giola Santoni Laura Fratiglioni Chengxuan Qiu 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(2):208-212.e3
Objectives
We aimed to quantify the increased risk of disability associated with cardiovascular risk factors among older adults, and to verify whether this risk may vary by age and functional status.Design
Longitudinal population-based cohort study.Setting
Urban area of Stockholm, Sweden.Participants
Community-dwelling and institutionalized adults ≥60 years in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen free of cardiovascular diseases and disability (n = 1756) at baseline (2001-2004).Measures
Incident disability in activities of daily living (ADL) was ascertained over 9 years. Cardiovascular risk factors (physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high body mass index, high levels of total cholesterol, and high C-reactive protein) and walking speed were assessed at baseline. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, stratifying by younger-old (age 60-72 years) and older-old (≥78 years).Results
During the follow-up, 23 and 148 persons developed ADL-disability among the younger- and older-old, respectively. In the younger-old, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of developing ADL-disability was 4.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-13.76) for physical inactivity and 5.61 (95% CI 1.17-26.82) for diabetes. In the older-old, physical inactivity was associated with incident ADL-disability (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.36-2.93), and there was a significant interaction between physical inactivity and walking speed limitation (<0.8 m/s), showing a 6-fold higher risk of ADL-disability in those who were both physically inactive and had walking speed limitation than being active with no limitation, accounting for a population-attributable risk of 42.7%.Conclusions/Implications
Interventions targeting cardiovascular risk factors may be more important for the younger-old in decreasing the risk of disability, whereas improving physical function and maintaining physical activity may be more beneficial for the older-old. 相似文献9.
Nicole Fran Kahn Chirayath M. Suchindran Carolyn Tucker Halpern 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(2):155-163
Background
Timing of first sex has important implications for later sexual health, but little research has considered this in populations with physical disabilities.Objective
The purpose of this paper was to examine timing of sexual experiences among populations with physical disabilities in the United States from adolescence to early adulthood, and how timing varies by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. We hypothesized that those with physical disabilities would exhibit earlier initiation of each type of sexual activity compared to those without disabilities, but the degree of differences would depend on disability severity. We further hypothesized that these associations would be moderated by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation.Methods
Data were from 13,458 respondents to Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Cox proportional hazards models assessed differences in timing of vaginal, oral, anal, and first sex by disability severity.Results
Populations with the most severe physical disabilities had a significantly slower progression to first vaginal sex, oral sex, and their first sexual experience compared to those without disabilities (aHR: 0.74–0.77). Timing also differed by biological sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, though the direction and degree of these differences varied by disability severity.Conclusions
Results fill an important gap in the literature by considering variations in sexual timing among populations with physical disabilities using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample. Future research should continue to promote inclusion of populations with disabilities to inform future policies and programs for healthy sexual development. 相似文献10.
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Julie Lynch Jason Last Philip Dodd Daniela Stancila Christine Linehan 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(1):65-71
Background
Health disparities and disparities in the provision of healthcare to people with disabilities remains a topic of concern. Research demonstrates that attitudes of healthcare providers contribute to this disparity. The approach to disability education and training in medical school warrants evaluation.Objectives
This study sought to investigate the efficacy of an educational intervention in cultivating positive attitudes towards disability in medical students, and determine the specific impact of an interaction-based hospital visit to patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation.Methods
Web-based questionnaires were distributed to medical students undertaking a 12-week ‘Understanding Disability’ module. Measures of anxiety, attitude, competency and empathy were obtained from 65 students at the beginning (T1), middle (T2) and end (T3) of the module. At T2, approximately half of the students had completed a hospital visit and half had not.Results
Scores changed significantly across all constructs between the beginning and end of the module suggesting a positive overall module effect. Findings confirmed a significant difference in anxiety and empathy levels between the group of students who had completed the visit to the rehabilitation hospital by the middle survey wave and those who had not, indicating a specific placement effect.Conclusions
Our findings suggest that interpersonal contact with individuals with disabilities has a distinct impact on the affective variables of anxiety and empathy. Previous research suggests that this contributes towards improved attitudes to disability. Overall, we provide strong evidence for the inclusion of contact-based educational interventions in medical school to enhance students' attitudes to disability. 相似文献12.
Rahul Mopari Bhawna Garg Jacob Puliyel Sara Varughese 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(2):263-268
Background
The UN recommends that the ‘Washington Group questionnaire (WGQ) on functioning’ is used for data collection on disability. There are few studies on the WGQ from India.Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of disability in a community-health project, using this tool: to examine if the use of the WGQ identifies more people with disability than the tools used previously.Method
We performed a systematic sample survey using the WGQ in the community-health project covering a population of 50,000 residents. The questionnaire was administered to 2203 individuals.Results
The age and sex distribution of the sample studied matched the National Census data 2011. The study identified 41 individuals with a disability. The prevalence of disability in our sample was 1.86% (95% CI 1.3%–2.43%) compared to 2.21% in India-Census-2011. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that disability was more prevalent after the age of 44 years (p-value <0.0001 and AUC 0.806). The odds ratio of disability was 10.1 above this age compared with those below that age (95% CI: 5.1 to 20).Conclusion
Use of the WGQ did not yield better data on disability prevalence than that identified by the Census. Another study, this one in Telangana, south India, by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that self-reporting identifies only a third of the cases of disability. More direct and leading questions are needed to empower the disabled in developing countries to identify barriers which prevent their full participation in society. 相似文献13.
Miles Saitta Hemakumar Devan Pauline Boland Meredith A. Perry 《Disability and health journal》2019,12(1):11-23
Background
Park-based physical activity (PA) interventions improve health in the general population, but it is unknown if the evidence can be translated to persons with disabilities.Objectives
To conduct a mixed-methods systematic synthesis of the evidence for park-based physical activity interventions for persons with disabilities and secondarily, to consider the health benefits across the lifespan (children and adolescents, young, middle, and older adults).Methods
All major electronic databases were searched from inception until 30th November 2016. Studies were eligible if the PA intervention was conducted in an urban park environment with people reporting a disability (e.g. physical, psychological and developmental impairments) and health outcomes were evaluated with biopsychosocial measures. Methodological quality was assessed using Crowes Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) and key findings extracted.Results
Six quantitative and four qualitative papers, comprising of 446 participants (age range seven to ninety-one years), were included for qualitative synthesis; five in children/adolescents, none in adults, and five in older adults. There was limited, low level, preliminary evidence for short-term improvements in physical, psychological, and social health outcomes in children and older adults with disabilities as well as improvements in disability-related impairments. When accessible, parks fostered societal inclusion.Conclusions
Health benefits from park use in persons with disabilities were identified. Parks may provide an alternative environment for rehabilitation and management of disabilities. Further randomized controlled trials evaluating the long-term effectiveness of park-based interventions is necessary to corroborate our findings. Legislative commitment ensuring urban parks are accessible may mitigate some health disparities in persons with disabilities. 相似文献14.
Philip J. Brewster Carrie M. Durward John F. Hurdle Gregory J. Stoddard Patricia M. Guenther 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2019,119(1):45-56
Background
Household food purchases are potential indicators of the quality of the home food environment, and grocery purchase behavior is a main focus of US Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrition education programs; therefore, objective measures of grocery purchases are needed.Objective
The objective of the study was to evaluate the Grocery Purchase Quality Index-2016 (GPQI-2016) as a tool for assessing grocery food purchase quality by using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) as the reference standard.Design
In 2012, the USDA Economic Research Service conducted the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. Members of participating households recorded all foods acquired for a week. Foods purchased at stores were mapped to the 29 food categories used in USDA Food Plans, expenditure shares were estimated, and GPQI-2016 scores were calculated. USDA food codes, provided in the survey database, were used to calculate the HEI-2015.Participants/setting
All households in the 48 coterminous states were eligible for the survey. The analytic sample size was 4,276 households.Main outcome measures
GPQI-2016 and HEI-2015 scores were compared.Statistical analyses performed
Correlation of scores was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Linear regression models with fixed effects were used to determine differences among various subgroups of households.Results
The correlation coefficient for the total GPQI-2016 score and the total HEI-2015 score was 0.70. For the component scores, the strongest correlations were for Total and Whole Fruit (0.89 to 0.90); the weakest were for Dairy (0.67), Refined Grains (0.66), and Sweets and Sodas/Added Sugars (0.65) (all, P<0.01). Both the GPQI-2016 and HEI-2015 were significantly different among subgroups in expected directions.Conclusions
Overall, the GPQI-2016, estimated from a national survey of households, performed similarly to the HEI-2015. The tool has potential for evaluating nutrition education programs and retail-oriented interventions when the nutrient content and gram weights of foods purchased are not available. 相似文献15.
Background
Limited population-based data is available in the United States (US) examining physical activity engagement, weight status, and health status among youth with visual impairments.Objective
To compare parent-reported physical activity participation, weight status, and health status among a nationally representative sample of US children with and without severe visual impairments.Methods
This observational, cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The NSCH data is composed of a cross-sectional probability sample of noninstitutionalized youth aged 0–17 years in the US. This study focused on 28,390 adolescents (aged 13–17 years); 106 with SVIs and 28,284 without severe visual impairments. Parent reported physical activity participation, height and weight, and overall health status were utilized in this study to understand nationally representative trends.Results
Adolescents with severe visual impairments participated in fewer days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (Mean?=?2.40, SE?=?0.65) than those without impairments (Mean?=?3.93, SE?=?0.03), t?=?2.35, p?=?.02. Prevalence of obesity/overweight did not differ between youth with and without severe visual impairments, OR?=?1.032 (CI?=?0.45, 2.37), p?=?.94. Youth with severe visual impairments were more likely to have poor health (9.3%), compared to youth without impairments (3.4%), OR?=?2.89 (CI?=?1.13, 7.41), p?=?.03.Conclusions
Participants with severe visual impairments engaged in less physical activity and had poorer health status than participants without impairments. Future interventions, tailored to this populations' unique needs, are needed to increase physical activity and improve health status. 相似文献16.
Tsukasa Kamitani Yosuke Yamamoto Shingo Fukuma Tatsuyoshi Ikenoue Miho Kimachi Sayaka Shimizu Shungo Yamamoto Koji Otani Miho Sekiguchi Yoshihiro Onishi Misa Takegami Rei Ono Shin Yamazaki Shinichi Konno Shinichi Kikuchi Shunichi Fukuhara 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(2):195-200.e1
Objectives
A discrepancy in self-reported and performance-based physical functioning levels is often observed among older adults. We investigated the association of discrepancy in self-reported and performance-based physical functioning levels with risk of future falls among community-dwelling older adults.Design
Prospective cohort study.Setting
Two communities in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.Participants
1379 older adults who took part in the yearly health checkup in both 2009 and 2010.Measures
The performance-based and self-reported physical functioning levels were evaluated by the Timed Up and Go test and the Short-Form 12 Health Survey (Japanese version) physical functioning subscale, respectively. We divided the participants into 4 groups based on the combinations of low or high performance-based and self-reported physical functioning groups, which were classified by age- and sex-specific reference values. The main outcome was the occurrence of any falls within the 1-year follow-up period, assessed using a self-reported questionnaire.Results
A total of 22% of the participants reported the occurrence of a fall during the follow-up period. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios of the high self-reported and low performance-based, low self-reported and high performance-based, and low self-reported and low performance-based physical functioning groups were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.82), 1.76 (95% CI, 1.17–2.66), and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.11–2.90), respectively, compared with the high self-reported and high performance-based physical functioning group.Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the discrepancy as high performance-based but low self-reported physical functioning level is associated with an increased risk of future falls in older adults aged 65–89 years. Clinicians should carefully assess older adults whose subjective perception of their physical functioning capacity is lower than those in similar age and sex groups, even if their actual physical functioning appears to be objectively high. 相似文献17.
Background
Persons with disabilities experience health disparities while having usual providers more frequently than persons without disabilities. Provider discontinuity may help to explain these paradoxical findings, but research on the topic is nascent.Objective
To provide initial insight into whether persons with disabilities more frequently experience provider discontinuity than persons without disabilities.Methods
Pooled 2-year data from panels 14–16 (2009–2012) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were examined. Working-age adults (18–64) were categorized as having no disability, basic disabilities, or complex disabilities. Persons were categorized having provider continuity (provider throughout the period) or discontinuity (gaining or losing providers during the period). χ2 and multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine outcomes by disability status.Results
Persons with complex disabilities more frequently experienced continuity (83.7%) than persons without disabilities and those with basic disabilities (60.7% and 65.6%, respectively, p?<?0.001). Seldom or never being sick was the most frequently reported reason for not having a usual provider; more persons without disabilities (64%) reported this reason than persons with disabilities (basic: 41.9%, p?<?0.001; complex: 26.6%, p?=?0.001). Persons with disabilities more frequently reported visiting different providers for different needs and not having a usual provider due to the costs of medical care than persons without disabilities.Conclusions
Future research needs to examine the influence of continuity on healthcare disparities among persons with complex disabilities. Policies and practice must be attentive to how proposed changes to the healthcare system potentially reduce access to care among persons with disabilities. 相似文献18.
Background
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is changing the annual inclusion of standardized disability identifiers, reinvigorating the priority to examine existing disability question sets. These sets include questions developed by the United States (U.S.) National Center for Health Statistics in conjunction with the U.S. Census Bureau (the American Community Survey questions, ACS) and United Nations (the Washington Group Short Set questions, WGSS), that are policy relevant, comparable across populations, and short enough to be included in censuses and surveys across countries.Objective
To compare disability prevalence estimates from federal and international standardized disability questions across demographic factors.Methods
Bivariate analysis of disability question sets asking adults about vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, and self-care difficulties and demographic factors using secondary data from supplements in the 2010 and 2013–2015 NHIS.Results
Our study found substantial and statistically significant differences in the percentage of disabilities (overall and by type) based on comparable ACS and WGSS questions across demographic categories. Dependent on response coding, WGSS-based disability prevalence was consistently and significantly larger or smaller than ACS-based disability prevalence. Overall disability prevalence using ACS and two different WGSS response combinations were 16.3% and 9.2% or 39.4%, respectively.Conclusion
ACS and WGSS measures identify predictably different sized populations of adults with disabilities. Further, with some exceptions, ACS and WGSS questions identify populations with disabilities with relatively consistent demographic factors. Additional research is recommended to understand the comparability of disability prevalence and health disparities and inequities people with disabilities experience when using these measures. 相似文献19.
Mónica Pinilla-Roncancio 《Disability and health journal》2018,11(3):398-404