卡泊芬净联合其他抗真菌药物治疗血液病嗜中性粒细胞缺乏合并侵袭性真菌感染疗效观察

目的 分析评价卡泊芬净联合其他抗真菌药物治疗恶性血液病患者中性粒细胞缺乏时合并侵袭性真菌感染的有效性和安全性.方法 选择2005年6月至2007年6月应用卡泊芬净联合其他抗真菌药物治疗恶性血液病患者嗜中性粒细胞缺乏时合并侵袭性真菌感染16例(20例次)患者.16例患者急性淋巴细胞白血病3例,多发性骨髓瘤3例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病5例,淋巴瘤5例.其中确诊侵袭性真菌感染3例,临床诊断8例,拟诊5例.患者第1天用负荷剂量卡泊芬净70 mg静脉滴注,第2天开始用50mg,每日1次,直至血象上升或症状好转后改口服其他抗真菌药,在用卡泊芬净同时联合应用其他抗真菌药(两性霉素B,或伏立康唑,或伊曲康唑),连用7～10 d停用其他抗真菌药,卡泊芬净至少应用7 d,最长应用57 d.平均应用14 d.所有患者在发热时均行真菌抗原检测及其血培养、痰培养,均行胸部CT检查,治疗结束进行疗效评估.治疗成功包括完全反应和部分反应.结果 16例(20例次)患者有17次出现血氧饱和度下降.经联合用药后1～6 d血氧饱和度恢复正常,3次为临床诊断患者大剂量化疗或造血干细胞移植期间治疗用药.16例患者抢救治疗成功率100%,应用卡泊芬净治疗期间未见明显不良反应.结论 对于危重血液病患者粒细胞缺乏期卡泊芬净联合其他抗真菌药物治疗重度侵袭性真菌感染,疗效可靠,副作用小,具有临床应用价值.     

卡泊芬净治疗儿童白血病合并真菌感染所致不良反应的护理

目的总结应用卡泊芬净治疗白血病合并侵袭性真菌感染患儿后出现的不良反应及护理对策。方法对我院收治的6例白血病合并侵袭性真菌感染患儿,在使用静脉用卡泊芬净治疗过程中出现的不良反应进行总结,并给予有针对性的护理和预防。结果通过应用有针对性的护理措施,患儿的不良反应得到了有效控制,症状明显改善。结论在应用卡泊芬净治疗白血病合并侵袭性真菌感染患儿时,进行有针对性的护理,可以降低和改善患儿的用药不良反应。     

卡泊芬净治疗恶性血液病化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏合并深部真菌感染的临床观察

目的分析卡泊芬净治疗恶性血液病化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏合并深部真菌感染临床效果及安全性。方法选取2009年3月至2012年5月收治恶性血液病化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏合并深部真菌感染患者50例,采用随机数字表法分为两性霉素B组和卡泊芬净组,分别采用两性霉素B和卡泊芬净静脉滴注治疗;比较两组患者临床治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率等。结果两性霉素B组总有效率(72.0%)与卡泊芬净组患者(76.0%)比较无显著差异(P>0.05);两性霉素B组不良反应发生率(36.0%)明显高于卡泊芬净组(P<0.05)。结论卡泊芬净早期治疗恶性血液病化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏合并深部真菌感染临床效果满意,且无严重不良反应。     

卡泊芬净经验性治疗粒细胞减少伴持续发热患者的安全性、耐受性和疗效的非对照、开放、多中心临床研究

目的评价卡泊芬净注射剂经验性治疗粒细胞减少伴持续发热患者的安全性、耐受性和疗效。方法本研究为非对照、开放、多中心临床试验，患者因化疗或接受造血干细胞移植出现中性粒细胞绝对值计数〈500×10^6／L，持续至少96h，入选前接受胃肠外广谱抗菌药治疗至少96h，并且在入选前24h内体温〉38．0℃者可入选本研究。统计用药人群发生的严重不良事件、不良事件及其总有效率。结果共入选131例，其中安全性分析集（SS）131例，全分析集（FAS）129例。SS131例中，18例受试者发生24例次临床严重不良事件，均与研究药物无关，发生1例次实验室严重不良事件（血钾降低），与研究药物肯定有关。SS131例中发生与药物有关的非严重不良事件者35例，包括5例同时发生临床不良反应和实验室异常；其中16例发生临床不良反应，多见皮疹、发热、呕吐等；24例发生实验室异常，多见ALT等肝酶升高、血钾降低等。总不良反应发生率为26．7％（35／131），其中临床不良反应发生率为12．2％（16／131），实验室异常发生率为19．1%（25／131）。临床不良反应中91．3%为轻、中度。入选病例中9例（12例次）因不良反应而中止治疗，占6．9％（9／131）。其中6例（9例次）被评价为与试验药物有关，发生率为4．6％（6／131）。FAS和符合方案数据集（PPS）中的总体有效率分别为36．4％（47／129）和40．2％（47／117）。结论卡泊芬净经验性治疗粒细胞减少伴持续发热患者临床不良反应多为轻、中度，患者对其耐受性良好，因药物不良反应中止治疗者少见。卡泊芬净用于经验性治疗粒细胞减少伴发热可获一定疗效。     

卡泊芬净治疗儿童血液病侵袭性真菌感染的疗效及安全性评价

目的探讨卡泊芬净治疗儿童血液病侵袭性真菌感染的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析35例真菌感染的血液病患儿,给予静脉滴注卡泊芬净,第1天单次70mg/m2负荷剂量(日实际剂量不超过70mg),之后给予每天50mg/m2(日实际剂量不超过70mg),疗程4～36d,根据患儿临床表现和肺影像学变化判断疗效。结果确诊3例为血源感染,临床诊断25例、拟诊7例均为肺部感染,治疗总有效率71.43%;有效组疗程为(17.80±6.97)d,无效组疗程(10.40±5.54)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抢先/经验治疗组有效率为84%,高于目标/挽救治疗组的40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);未见明显不良反应。粒细胞缺乏≥10d是治疗失败的危险因素。结论卡泊芬净治疗儿童血液病侵袭性真菌感染是安全有效的治疗选择;抢先治疗能提高疗效。     

卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染：12例分析

背景：肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染是肾移植失败的主要原因。卡泊芬净具有独特的抗真菌机制,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑耐药的念珠菌有很强的抗菌作用,并表现出很好的耐受性,且没有与剂量或作用持续时间相关的毒性。 目的：评价卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染的有效性和安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2013年1至12月三门峡市中心医院呼吸科诊断为肺部侵袭性真菌感染的肾移植患者,采用卡泊芬净抗真菌治疗,卡泊芬净首剂为70 mg/d,继以50 mg/d,静脉滴注。用药后每周最少监测2次肝功能,若肝功能损害加重或出现新的肝功能损害,根据肝脏功能调整剂量或者停药,疗程为10-14 d。观察患者的疗效和不良反应。 结果与结论：共收治12例患者,可以找到真菌微生物学证据者占67%,其培养真菌以念珠菌为主,占75%,合并细菌感染比例为58%,合并巨细胞病毒感染的比例为25%。治疗有效率为92%（11/12）,死亡率为8%（1/12）,不良事件发生率为25%。提示对于肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染患者的经验性抗真菌治疗,卡泊芬净的疗效较好,且不良事件发生率低。卡泊芬净可以作为肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染的首选药物。     

卡泊芬净在中性粒细胞缺乏伴持续发热患者经验性抗真菌治疗中的疗效观察

卡泊芬净(caspofungin acetate.亦称MK20991,L2743872)是第一个批准用于临床的棘白菌素。此类药物毒性低,对大多数临床分离的念珠菌属和曲霉属均有快速杀菌作用。在血液科恶性肿瘤接受化疗或进行造血干细胞移植、再生障碍性贫血等发生中性粒细胞缺乏的患者中,侵袭性真菌感染是其重要的死亡原因。本研究报道6例中性粒细胞缺乏患者经验性应用卡泊芬净的疗效与不良反应。     

米卡芬净对小儿白血病粒缺期肺侵袭性真菌感染的治疗效果分析

目的：探析小儿白血病粒缺期肺侵袭性真菌感染运用米卡芬净治疗的临床效果。方法选择该院2013年1月至2016年1月期间收治的小儿白血病粒缺期肺侵袭性真菌感染患儿20例为研究对象,采用米卡芬净治疗,对药物不良反应、治疗效果以及用药前后各项脏器功能指标变化情况进行观察记录。结果本组20例患儿中,9例痊愈,占45％,7例显效,占35．0％, 2例进步,占10％,2例无效,占20％,治疗总有效率为80％;治疗期间,2例肝功能异常,1例皮疹,1例腹泻,不良反应发生率为20．0％;同时,用药前后患儿的各项脏器功能指标变化无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论临床上给予小儿白血病粒缺期肺侵袭性真菌感染患儿米卡芬净治疗,不仅可以获得较好的疗效,还不容易出现不良反应,具有应用价值。     

大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的血药浓度监测

目的研究大剂量甲氨蝶呤（HD—MTX）治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的药代动力学，血、脑脊液MTX浓度与不良反应以及指导四氢叶酸钙（CF）的解救。方法ALL患儿20例共接受36例次MTX3g·m^-2·次^-1治疗，采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测患儿血清、脑脊液MTX浓度，并记录不良反应，同时根据血药浓度指导CF解救。结果不同个体及同一个体不同时问使用同一种给药方案的血药浓度、脑脊液浓度个体差异大；44h、68h与23h血药浓度的相关性无显著性，而44h与68h血药浓度的相关性有显著性（P〈0．01）；与低危组比较，中高危组采用3g·m^-2·次^-1剂量不能达到有效血药浓度（P〈0．01）。结论低危患儿采用3g·m^-2·次^-1是合理的，经合理水化碱化等保护性治疗措施后无严重不良反应发生，而对中高危患儿，需采用5g·m^-2·次^-1剂量。     

抗真菌新药卡泊芬净在血液病患者经验性抗真菌治疗中的疗效观察

目的 探讨卡泊芬净在血液病患者经验性抗真菌治疗中的疗效.方法 将2008年10月至2010年10月收治的40例抗生素治疗无效且怀疑真菌感染的血液病患者随机分为两组,各20例,A组给予卡泊芬净治疗,第1天70 mg静脉滴注,第2天起50 mg静脉滴注;B组患者给予脂质体两性霉素B治疗,3 mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注.两组均治疗10 d,观察两组患者的疗效和不良反应.结果两组总有效率比较(66.7% vs.61.1%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.17,P>0.05),但A组肾毒性、输液反应发生率明显低于B组(χ2=4.37,4.37,P<0.05).结论 卡泊芬净用于血液病患者经验性抗真菌治疗,效果较好,患者耐受性较好,是侵袭性真菌感染的一个较好选择.     

序贯疗法与三联疗法根除儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的临床研究

目的比较分析由奥美拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林和甲硝唑组成的10 d序贯疗法与标准三联疗法根除儿童幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的临床疗效。方法将109例诊断为Hp感染的患儿按随机数字表法分为3组：10 d序贯疗法组（37例）、10 d三联疗法组（36例）和14 d三联疗法组（36例）。10 d序贯疗法组：前5 d给予奥美拉唑0.6-0.8 mg·kg^-1·次-1＋阿莫西林50 mg·kg^-1·d-1,口服,每日早晚各1次;后5 d改用奥美拉唑0.6-0.8 mg·kg^-1·次-1＋克拉霉素15-30 mg·kg^-1·d-1＋甲硝唑片25-30 mg·kg^-1·d-1,口服,每日早晚各1次。10 d和14 d三联疗法2组：奥美拉唑0.6-0.8 mg·kg^-1·次-1＋克拉霉素15-30 mg·kg^-1·d-1＋阿莫西林50 mg·kg^-1·d-1或甲硝唑片25-30 mg·kg^-1·d-1,口服,每日早晚各1次,疗程分别为10 d和14 d。所有患儿在停药后至少4周复查13C尿素呼气试验（13C-UBT）,观察Hp根除率、疗效及不良反应（食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、便秘、头痛、皮疹等症状）的发生情况。结果 109例患儿中失访7例（6.4%,10 d序贯疗法组1例,10 d三联疗法组2例,14 d三联疗法组4例）。10 d序贯疗法组Hp根除率按意向治疗分析（ITT）及试验方案分析（PP）均明显高于10 d三联疗法组（χ^2=5.408,5.137,均P〈0.05）,与14 d三联疗法组比较差异均无统计学意义（χ^2=2.510,0.868,均P〉0.05）。3组患儿治疗后总有效率比较差异均无统计学意义（χ^2=0.320,P〉0.05）。3组患儿均未出现严重的不良反应。结论 10 d序贯疗法是一种安全、有效的儿童Hp根除方案。     

Inhibition of HIV by chemokine receptor antagonists: exciting new targets,complex development

The prevalence of invasive fungal infections is increasing and the infections are becoming a major problem in immunocompromised children and neonates. Fortunately, there has been a recent surge in the development of new antifungal agents. Caspofungin, the first licensed echinocandin, is a novel class of antifungal and is approved for use in children 3 months of age or older for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis and as empirical therapy for febrile neutropenia. This article reviews the published data on the use of caspofungin in immunocompromised children and neonates with invasive fungal infections.     

Caspofungin therapy in immunocompromised children and neonates

The prevalence of invasive fungal infections is increasing and the infections are becoming a major problem in immunocompromised children and neonates. Fortunately, there has been a recent surge in the development of new antifungal agents. Caspofungin, the first licensed echinocandin, is a novel class of antifungal and is approved for use in children 3 months of age or older for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis and as empirical therapy for febrile neutropenia. This article reviews the published data on the use of caspofungin in immunocompromised children and neonates with invasive fungal infections.     

Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in healthy men

Caspofungin, a glucan synthesis inhibitor, is being developed as a parenteral antifungal agent. The pharmacokinetics of caspofungin following 1-h intravenous infusions in healthy men was investigated in four phase I studies. In an alternating two-panel (six men each), rising-single-dose study, plasma drug concentrations increased proportionally with the dose following infusions of 5 to 100 mg. The beta-phase half-life was 9 to 10 h. The plasma drug clearance rate averaged 10 to 12 ml/min. Renal clearance of unchanged drug was a minor pathway of elimination (approximately 2% of the dose). Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics were investigated in a 2-week, serial-panel (5 or 6 men per panel) study of doses of 15, 35, and 70 mg administered daily; a 3-week, single-panel (10 men) study of a dose of 70 mg administered daily; and a parallel panel study (8 men) of a dose of 50 mg administered daily with or without a 70-mg loading dose on day 1. Moderate accumulation was observed with daily dosing. The degree of drug accumulation and the time to steady state were somewhat dose dependent. Accumulation averaged 24% at 15 mg daily and approximately 50% at 50 and 70 mg daily. Mean plasma drug concentrations were maintained above 1.0 microg/ml, a target selected to exceed the MIC at which 90% of the isolates of the most clinically relevant species of Candida were inhibited, throughout therapy with daily treatments of 70 or 50 mg plus the loading dose, while they fell below the target for the first 2 days of a daily treatment of 50 mg without the loading dose. Caspofungin infused intravenously as a single dose or as multiple doses was generally well tolerated. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin supports the clinical evaluation of once-daily dosing regimens for efficacy against fungal infections.     

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of caspofungin in children and adolescents

Caspofungin is a parenteral antifungal that inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthesis. Although licensed for adult use, the appropriate caspofungin dosing regimen in pediatric patients is not yet known. We therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of caspofungin in pediatric patients. Thirty-nine children (ages 2 to 11 years) and adolescents (ages 12 to 17 years) with neutropenia were administered caspofungin using either a weight-based regimen (1 mg/kg of body weight/day) or a body surface area regimen (50 mg/m2/day or 70 mg/m2/day). Plasma samples for caspofungin profiles were collected on days 1 and 4. These results were compared to those from adults treated with either 50 or 70 mg/day for mucosal candidiasis. In children receiving 1 mg/kg/day (maximum, 50 mg/day), the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h (AUC(0-24)) was significantly smaller (46% after multiple doses) than that observed in adults receiving 50 mg/day (P < 0.001). In children and adolescents receiving 50 mg/m2/day (maximum, 70 mg/day), the AUC(0-24) following multiple doses was similar to that for the exposure in adults receiving 50 mg/day. The AUC(0-24) and concentration trough (at 24 h) in pediatric patients receiving the 50-mg/m2 daily regimen were consistent across the range of ages. Caspofungin was generally well tolerated in this study. None of the patients developed a serious drug-related adverse event or were discontinued for toxicity. These results demonstrate that caspofungin at 1 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients is suboptimal. Caspofungin administration at 50 mg/m2/day provides a comparable exposure to that of adult patients treated with 50 mg/day.     

小剂量雷公藤佐治儿童糖皮质激素依赖性哮喘的效果

目的探讨小剂量雷公藤佐治糖皮质激素依赖性哮喘的效果。方法40例糖皮质激素依赖性哮喘病儿随机分为治疗组和对照组（n=20），两组病儿均给予吸人普米克干粉剂，在发作期吸人β2受体激动剂，严重时口服糖皮质激素治疗。治疗组在此基础上加用雷公藤0．5mg／（kg·d），分为2～3次口服，治疗6个月后评定疗效。结果治疗组在糖皮质激素较快减量的过程中峰值流速（PEFR）始终在预计值的80％以上，糖皮质激素的维持量明显小于对照组（t=-4．73，P〈0．01）。治疗后两组肺功能均较治疗前明显改善，治疗组肺功能优于对照组（t=2．493～3．476，P〈0．05）。结论小剂量雷公藤佐治糖皮质激素依赖性哮喘病儿效果满意。     

Efficacy of the echinocandin caspofungin against disseminated aspergillosis and candidiasis in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice

The in vivo efficacy of the echinocandin antifungal caspofungin acetate (caspofungin; MK-0991) was evaluated in models of disseminated aspergillosis and candidiasis in mice with cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppression. Caspofungin is a 1, 3-beta-D-glucan synthesis inhibitor efficacious against a number of clinically relevant fungi including Aspergillus and Candida species. Models of CY-induced transient or chronic leukopenia were used with once daily administration of therapy initiated 24 h after microbial challenge. Caspofungin was effective in treating disseminated aspergillosis in mice that were transiently leukopenic (significant prolongation of survival at doses of > or =0.125 mg/kg of body weight and a 50% protective dose [PD(50)] of 0.245 mg/kg/day at 28 days after challenge) or chronically leukopenic (50 to 100% survival at doses of > or =0.5 mg/kg and PD(50)s ranging from 0.173 to 0.400 mg/kg/day). Caspofungin was effective in the treatment and sterilization of Candida infections in mice with transient leukopenia with a 99% effective dose based on reduction in log(10) CFU of Candida albicans/gram of kidneys of 0.119 mg/kg and 80 to 100% of the caspofungin-treated mice having sterile kidneys at caspofungin doses from 0.25 to 2.0 mg/kg. In Candida-infected mice with chronic leukopenia, caspofungin was effective at all dose levels tested (0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg), with the log(10) CFU of C. albicans/gram of kidneys of caspofungin-treated mice being significantly lower (>99% reduction) than that of sham-treated mice from day 4 to day 28 after challenge. Also, 70 to 100% of the caspofungin-treated, chronic leukopenic mice had sterile kidneys at caspofungin doses of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg from day 8 to 28 after challenge. Sterilization of Candida infections by caspofungin in the absence of host leukocytes provides compelling in vivo evidence for fungicidal activity against C. albicans. Further human clinical trials with caspofungin against serious fungal infections are in progress.     

化疗后粒细胞缺乏伴发热白血病儿超敏C反应蛋白血清水平的临床意义

目的:为探讨白血病患儿化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏(粒缺)伴发热时超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)血清水平的临床意义。方法:分析我院2004年10月～2007年12月的白血病患儿化疗后粒缺不伴发热者(A组),粒缺伴发热者(B组)及粒缺发热伴败血症者(C组)的hs-CRP血清水平。结果:A组(不发热组)hs-CRP血清水平为(5.37±4.65)mg/L,B组(发热组)为(74.05±48.35)mg/L,C组(败血症组)为(122.00±66.32)mg/L。A组与B组、C组比较有显著差异性(P<0.01)。结论:hs-CRP血清水平可作为儿童白血病化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏合并细菌感染的监测指标,对儿童白血病化疗后粒缺发热伴败血症的早期治疗有一定的临床指导意义。     

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of caspofungin in pediatric patients

We describe the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of caspofungin, an echinocandin antifungal, administered once daily as a 1-hour intravenous infusion in children and adolescents (ages, 3 months to 17 years), based on pooled data from four prospective pediatric studies. Caspofungin dosing was body-surface-area (BSA) based (50 mg/m2 daily after 70 mg/m2 on day 1). The area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 h (AUC0-24), the concentration at the end of infusion (1 h after the start of infusion; C1), and the trough concentration (24 h after the start of infusion; C24) were obtained for 32 pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis, 10 with invasive aspergillosis, and 82 in the setting of empirical therapy with fever and neutropenia. Exposures were modestly higher (93 to 134% for C1, 45 to 78% for C24, ～40% for AUC0-24) in pediatric patients than in adults receiving the standard 50-mg daily dose. The potential for covariates (age, gender, weight, race, renal status, serum albumin level, and disease state) to alter PKs was evaluated with a multiple-linear-regression model. Weight and disease state had statistically significant (P<0.05) yet small effects on caspofungin PKs in pediatric patients. Concomitant use of dexamethasone (a cytochrome p450 inducer) was associated with a statistically significant reduction (44%) in C24 in a limited number of patients (n=4). Odds ratios were estimated for the association between log-transformed PKs and treatment outcome or adverse events. No PK parameter or hybrid parameter (AUC/MIC, C1/MIC, and C24/MIC) was significantly correlated with treatment outcome or adverse events in the setting of similar response levels as adults, which suggests that the concentrations examined fall within the therapeutic window for caspofungin in pediatric patients. These results support a 50-mg/m2 daily dosing regimen (after a 70-mg/m2 loading dose) in children ages 3 months to 17 years.     

Caspofungin for the treatment of less common forms of invasive candidiasis

OBJECTIVES: Caspofungin has demonstrated efficacy in invasive candidiasis. However, in a comparative study, most patients (>83%) had candidaemia. Therefore, we performed a study in patients with non-fungaemic invasive candidiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adults with proven non-fungaemic invasive candidiasis or probable chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) received caspofungin primary or salvage monotherapy. Most patients received 50 mg daily following a 70 mg loading dose. Patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis or septic arthritis received caspofungin at 100 mg daily and were allowed dose escalation up to 150 mg. Primary efficacy endpoint was the overall response at end of caspofungin therapy. A favourable overall response required complete resolution of symptoms and either eradication of Candida or radiographic resolution. RESULTS: All 48 patients enrolled had confirmed infection and received>or=1 dose of caspofungin. At study entry, 8% were neutropenic. The mean APACHE II score was 14.3. Most infections were due to Candida albicans (60%) or Candida glabrata (14%). The overall success at end of caspofungin therapy was 81%. Success by site of infection was as follows: peritonitis 77% (10/13), abdominal abscess 89% (8/9), CDC 88% (7/8), osteomyelitis/septic arthritis 100% (4/4), endocarditis 33% (1/3) and multiple sites 75% (6/8). Outcomes were similar across Candida spp. None of the patients had a serious drug-related adverse event or discontinued caspofungin due to toxicity. Overall mortality until 12 week follow-up was 23%. CONCLUSIONS: In deep-seated invasive candidiasis, including peritonitis, abdominal abscesses, CDC and arthritis, caspofungin was effective and safe at regular doses and up to 100 mg daily.