阑尾脓肿的一次性手术治疗

目的：一次性手术切除阑尾治疗阑尾脓肿。方法：总结46例阑尾脓肿的一次性手术治疗。强调手术切口大小适度，达到便于暴露、便于操作、便于清除腹腔积液。术中反复冲洗脓腔，彻底清除病灶，术后加强抗炎治疗。结果：全组病例，伤口Ⅰ期愈合率迭94％，Ⅱ期愈合率为6％，术后没有特殊并发症疗效满意。结论：只要术中操作认真细致，彻底去除病灶，冲洗腹腔，清除污杂物。术后联合使用抗生素加强抗感采，一次性手术切除阑尾治疗阑尾脓肿是可行的。     

阑尾周围脓肿中西医结合治疗体会

目的：观察阑尾周围脓肿中西医结合治疗的临床疗效。方法：选取我院2009－2013年收治的阑尾周围脓肿病人64例为观察对象，运用抗生素输液，口服肠痈汤，外敷中药加微波理疗综合保守治疗，观察其疗效。结果：本组有效率达98．44％，痊愈51例，占79．69％，显效8例，占12．5％，好转4例，占6．25％，无效1例，占1．56％。结论：使用中西医综合治疗阑尾周围脓肿，可取得良好疗效。     

儿童阑尾脓肿消散后是否行延迟性阑尾切除术探讨

从外科手术学及病理学基础入手，讨论儿童阑尾脓肿在阑尾脓肿消散后是否行延迟性阑尾切除。结果：阑尾脓肿经非手术治疗有效而脓肿消散的患儿，有29.41％的患儿阑尾炎复发的风险增加，26.47％的患儿再无阑尾炎复发可能，44.12％的患儿其阑尾炎复发的机会与正常人群阑尾炎的比率相同。密切随访，如无症状再现，暂不行阑尾切除更为合理。     

中西医结合治疗阑尾脓肿38例

目的探讨中西医结合综合治疗阑尾脓肿的方法。方法对1999年1月～2008年12月38例采用中西医结合治疗阑尾脓肿的方法及效果进行回顾分析。结果除了2例患者中转开腹手术治疗外,36例患者均采用中西医结合治疗治愈,有效率达94.7%。结论中西医结合治疗阑尾脓肿的方法疗效满意,能明显降低阑尾脓肿的并发症。     

急诊手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的体会

目的:对阑尾周围脓肿的临床治疗分析,探讨急诊手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的效果。方法:回顾分析28例阑尾周围脓肿急诊行阑尾切除及腹腔引流术。结果:术后经联合抗炎、周身支持治疗,除1例切口二期愈合外,其余均一期愈合,无肠瘘、肠梗阻、腹腔脓肿等并发症发生。引流口愈合一般为9～15d,住院天数7～28d。结论:阑尾周围脓肿早期进行急诊阑尾切除和脓肿引流是一种积极而又可靠的方法,这样可及早清除感染源,缩短疗程,有利于抗生素发挥作用,减少了切口及腹腔感染机会。     

甲硝唑抗切口感染的体会

甲硝唑(又名灭滴灵)早年做为抗滴虫的有效药物。以后用于治疗贾茅虫和各种类型阿米巴病,近十年来,由于发现了灭滴灵具有广谱抗厌氧菌的作用,用于厌氧菌的治疗获得满意疗效而受到了重视。急性阑尾炎是腹部外科常见病,现在阑尾术后切口感染率平均6％左右,化脓性阑尾炎、阑尾穿孔、阑尾周围脓肿术后切口感染率可达22.6％,阑尾术后切口感染据文献报道70％由厌氧菌所致。我院自1985年开始用甲硝唑与抗生素联用防治化脓性阑尾炎切口感染,现分析如下。     

294例阑尾脓肿个体化治疗的浅析

目的:总结治疗阑尾脓肿的经验,寻求治疗阑尾脓肿的合理方案。方法:本院15年内收治阑尾脓肿294例,分成3组进行对比分析。结果:A组为传统非手术保守治疗组137例,治愈者74人,中转与再手术者35人,有并发症者28例,分别占比率为:54％、25.5％、20.5％;B组为在保守治疗的同时应用经皮腹腔穿刺抽脓注药69例,治愈者44人,中转及再手术者12人,有并发症者13人,分别占比率为63.8%、17.4％、18.8％;C组为Ⅰ期手术切除阑尾组88例,治愈者79人,引流者5人,有并发症者4人,分别占比率为89.7％、5.8％、4.5％。结论:阑尾脓肿的治疗首先应严格手术的适应症,应争取急诊或早期Ⅰ期手术切除阑尾为佳,儿童更应如此。治疗阑尾脓肿应执行“个体化的治疗原则”即可提高治愈率,减少并发症。     

中西医结合治疗阑尾周围脓肿（附68例分析）

阑尾周围脓肿是外科常见病，分析了68例阑尾周围脓肿病例，按随机分组，治疗组采用中西医结合治疗，对照组采用西医抗炎治疗，治疗组取得了较好效果。     

B超在阑尾周围脓肿保守治疗动态观察中的价值

目的探讨B超在阑尾周围脓肿保守治疗动态追踪观察中的价值。方法回顾性分析经B超以及临床诊断的11例阑尾周围脓肿病例,在保守治疗期间,应用高频结合低频超声动态观察阑尾周围脓肿的形态、大小、边界及内部回声的变化,并经手术、病理证实。结果7例阑尾周围脓肿经保守治疗后有效并逐步吸收,占63．6％,3个月后择期行阑尾切除术;4例经保守治疗无效后即选择相应的外科手术治疗,占36．4％。其中,保守治疗无效的4例中有2例系因回盲部肿瘤引起。漏、误诊率为18．2％。结论B超（应用高频结合低频探头检查）对阑尾周围脓肿的动态观察、临床诊断及治疗方案的选择有积极的参考价值。     

儿小阑尾脓肿46例手术治疗疗效观察

对４６例小儿阑尾脓肿采用一期阑尾切除加０．５％甲硝唑溶液腹腔冲洗及腹腔引流，结果，一期手术后切口甲级愈合４３例，切口感染３例，无肠瘘及残余脓肿。认为小儿阑尾脓肿一期手术治疗效果好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.