ER-α36过表达促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭转移能力

 目的 探讨雌激素受体新亚型ER-α36过表达对人雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌细胞侵袭转移潜力的影响及其机制。方法 以野生型乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/W、转染pcDNA3.1空载体的细胞系MCF-7/pcDNA3.1和转染重组载体pcDNA3.1/ER-α36的细胞系MCF-7/ER-α36为研究对象,分别用细胞粘附实验观测肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的粘附能力、Transwell侵袭小室实验检测细胞侵袭转移能力,用Western blot法检测NF-κB P65、MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1蛋白表达。结果 与MCF-7/W组细胞相比,MCF-7/ ER-α36细胞的2h细胞粘附率和24h穿膜细胞数显著增加(P<0.05)。NF-κB P65、MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1蛋白的相对表达量及MMP-2/TIMP-1、MMP-9/TIMP-1显著增高（P<0.05）。结论 ER-α36过表达能促进ER-α66阳性乳腺癌细胞的体外粘附能力和侵袭转移潜力,其机制可能与通过NF-κ B途径提高MMP-2、MMP-9的表达水平及打破二者与TIMP-1之间的平衡有关。     

靶向沉默IL-6对乳腺癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响

目的:观察白细胞介素6(IL-6)与人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞生长、侵袭和迁移的关系及其作用机制。方法:合成IL-6小干扰RNA(si RNA),并转染至MCF-7细胞中。实验分为空白对照组、阴性对照组和IL-6 si RNA组。通过MTT实验观察沉默IL-6基因表达对细胞活力的影响,Transwell小室法检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力的变化,采用q PCR和Western blot法检测转染后IL-6表达水平的变化,同时采用Western blot法观察上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关蛋白、信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)、磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的蛋白水平。结果:与对照组相比,转染IL-6 si RNA的MCF-7细胞中IL-6的表达量显著下降(P 0. 05)。沉默IL-6表达显著抑制MCF-7细胞的活力(P 0. 05),并降低其侵袭和迁移能力(P 0. 05),显著抑制N-cadherin和vimentin的表达(P 0. 05),细胞中STAT3无明显变化,p-STAT3、MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白水平显著降低(P 0. 05)。结论:沉默IL-6表达可能通过抑制EMT,并降低STAT3的磷酸化水平进而抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的分泌,从而减弱乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的活力,并降低其侵袭和迁移能力。     

慢性缺氧应激可能通过EMT增强乳腺癌MCF-7细胞恶性生物学行为

目的:探讨慢性缺氧应激对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及可能机制。方法:将人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞分为缺氧组(1%O_2、5%CO_2和94%N_2)和正常对照组(常氧)进行培养。利用MTT法、CCK-8实验、细胞直接计数法及细胞侵袭和迁移实验对MCF-7细胞活力、增殖及侵袭和迁移能力进行检测;用软琼脂集落形成实验及Matrigel 3D培养技术检测MCF-7细胞非锚定生长能力及极性改变情况;利用MCF-7细胞构建裸鼠皮下种植瘤模型,检测慢性缺氧应激对体内肿瘤生长及肺转移的影响;利用倒置显微镜观察MCF-7细胞形态改变;Western blot检测低氧诱导因子1(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1)和磷酸化的糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)在缺氧环境下表达水平的改变,以及E-钙黏连蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏连蛋白(Ncadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)、基质金属蛋白酶3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)、MMP-9等上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:与正常对照组相比较,慢性缺氧组MCF-7细胞活力、增殖能力及侵袭迁移能力增强,细胞非锚定生长能力提高且在3D培养系统更容易发生极性改变,呈现侵袭样生长,体内生长及转移能力增强;除了HIF-1被缺氧诱导表达升高外,GSK-3β呈现活化趋势,且上皮样标志物E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显下降,而间充质样标志物N-cadherin、vimentin、MMP-3和MMP-9蛋白表达水平明显升高。结论:慢性缺氧应激促进了乳腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为,且其机制可能与EMT有关。     

AKT1负性调控乳腺癌细胞迁移的机制研究

目的:明确AKT1负性调控乳腺癌细胞迁移的分子机制,为乳腺癌转移的防治提供新思路和新靶点。方法:以乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞为研究对象,采用RNA干扰技术敲减AKT1的表达,Western blot检测AKT1总蛋白、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)总蛋白和核蛋白的表达,免疫荧光检测β-catenin在乳腺癌细胞中的定位,Transwell迁移实验探究β-catenin的核转位是否参与AKT1负性调控乳腺癌细胞迁移的过程。结果:敲减AKT1表达后,β-catenin总蛋白与核蛋白的表达明显上调,乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移能力也明显增强,使用XAV-939抑制β-catenin的核移位后,敲减AKT1表达引起的乳腺癌细胞迁移能力的增强也明显下降。结论:AKT1对乳腺癌细胞迁移的负性调控可能是由β-catenin核转位介导的。     

Suppression of breast cancer invasion and migration by indole-3-carbinol: associated with up-regulation of BRCA1 and E-cadherin/catenin complexes

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a compound occurring naturally in cruciferous vegetables and has been indicated as a promising agent in preventing breast cancer development and progression. In the present study we have investigated the effect of I3C on the cell migration and invasion behavior in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cell lines. Both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 were poorly invasive cell lines and exhibited modest invasion and migration capacity in the presence of fibronectin as the chemoattractant. I3C (50 or 100 microM) elicited a significant inhibition of in vitro cell adhesion, migration, and invasion as well as in vivo lung metastasis formation in both cell lines. I3C also suppressed the 17beta-estradiol stimulated migration and invasion in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that anti-invasion and antimigration activities of I3C occur via estrogen-independent and estrogen-dependent pathways. Moreover, I3C significantly caused a dose-dependent increase in E-cadherin, three major catenins (alpha, beta, and gamma-catenin) and BRCA1 expression. Our current finding is the first demonstration that I3C can activate the function of invasion suppressor molecules associated with the suppression of invasion and migration in breast cancer cells. Thus, clinical application of I3C may contribute to the potential benefit for suppression of breast cancer invasion and metastasis.     

布托啡诺调控PBX3基因抑制乳腺癌细胞系MCF7增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的探讨布托啡诺(butorphanol)对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响以及相关的分子机制。方法用MTT法检测不同浓度布托啡诺对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF7的抑制作用;用Transwell迁移及侵袭实验检测不同浓度布托啡诺对人乳腺癌MCF7细胞迁移及侵袭的影响;RT-qCR与Western blot法分别检测乳腺癌细胞系、正常乳腺上皮细胞以及布托啡诺对MCF7细胞中PBX3 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响;观察转染si-PBX3或si-con后,MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的变化;PBX3过表达验证布托啡诺对乳腺癌增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用机制。Western blot检测cyclin D1和MMP-2蛋白表达。结果PBX3在乳腺癌细胞系中的表达上调,沉默PBX3表达可明显抑制MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,同时抑制cyclin D1和MMP-2的表达;不同浓度的布托啡诺干预能显著抑制MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭且具有浓度依赖性,还可抑制PBX3、cyclin D1和MMP-2的表达;过表达PBX3可逆转布托啡诺对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用。结论布托啡诺可通过抑制PBX3降低乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。     

MicroRNA-940在乳腺癌中的表达变化及作用机制

目的 探讨microRNA-940(miR-940)在乳腺癌组织和细胞中的表达以及对乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力的影响及其相关分子机制。 方法 实时定量聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）检测2016年1月~2017年1月我院手术切除的78例患者的乳腺癌组织、癌旁组织和人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、SK-BR-3、MDA-MB-231、BT-549及人正常乳腺细胞系MCF-10 A中miR-940的表达情况。在乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231中利用脂质体LipofectaminsTM 2000转染miR-940模拟物上调miR-940的表达,CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖活性的改变,小室侵袭及迁移实验（transwell）检测细胞侵袭、迁移能力的改变。生物学信息法预测miR-940的可能作用靶基因,双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-940与CXC趋化因子受体2 (CXCR2)的3’UTR区结合情况,Western blotting检测miR-940对CXCR2 蛋白表达的影响。 结果 miR-940在乳腺癌组织和细胞中表达明显降低（P<0.01）,并且miR-940的表达与TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.01）。上调MDA-MB-231细胞miR-940表达后,细胞的增殖活性明显下降（P<0.01）,侵袭及迁移能力明显下降（P<0.01）。双荧光素酶报告显示,miR-940可与CXCR2 的3’UTR区特定序列结合显著抑制荧光素酶活性(P<0.01),上调miR-940后细胞中CXCR2 蛋白的表达均明显下降(P<0.01)。 结论 miR-940在乳腺癌中的表达降低,miR-940可以通过靶向CXCR2抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力。     

SHP-1对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭的影响及机制初步探讨

目的探讨SHP-1对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7侵袭能力的影响。方法 MCF-7细胞株分别瞬时转染SHP-1的特异性siRNA干扰序列;然后分别通过RT-PCR和Western-blot检测MCF-7细胞干扰前后SHP-1基因和蛋白表达变化,并通过RT-PCR检测干扰前后MMP-9基因变化;通过Transwell小室实验检测干扰SHP-1对细胞侵袭能力的影响。结果 RT-PCR和Western-blot证实SHP-1在人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7中有表达以及SHP-1SiRNA的干扰效率;干扰SHP-1后,MMP-9的表达量上调;Transwell小室实验证实,与MCF-7阴性干扰对照及空白对照细胞相比,siRNA组的侵袭能力显著增强（P〈0.001）。结论乳腺癌MCF-7中SHP-1的表达水平高低和该细胞侵袭能力高低呈负相关,其侵袭可能和MMP-9的表达呈正相关。     

miR-200b调控PDCD4的表达对乳腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的探讨miR-200b对乳腺癌细胞增殖及侵袭的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法利用荧光实时定量PCR检测人乳腺癌组织及乳腺癌细胞株中miR-200b的表达差异;利用生物信息学方法预测miR-200b的靶基因,并使用免疫蛋白印迹实验对靶基因的表达进行验证;分别将miR-200b siRNA、PDCD4 mimics以及相应对照miRNA转染MCF-7细胞,通过CCK-8实验检测细胞的增殖能力;采用Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞的侵袭能力。结果miR-200b在乳腺癌组织中呈低表达水平,进一步抑制miR-200b的表达,乳腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭能力显著增强(P<0.05);将miR-200b siRNA、PDCD43′-UTR共转染到乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中,双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示抑制miR-200b的表达后,PDCD4的表达及活性相应上调(P<0.05);同时通过蛋白免疫印迹实验可以发现,抑制miR-200b表达后,PDCD4蛋白表达含量降低,乳腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭能力明显增强(P<0.05);而过表达PDCD4后PDCD4蛋白表达含量增加(P<0.05),乳腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭能力明显降低(P<0.05)。结论miR-200b可靶向上调PDCD4基因的表达,从而抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭能力。     

重组人骨形成蛋白-2提高人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的迁移性

目的:探讨重组人骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP2)对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7迁移性的影响。方法:用rhBMP2诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,并利用原子力显微镜观察细胞的形态结构变化。通过划痕愈合和transwell实验研究rhBMP2诱导下人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7迁移能力的变化。结果:rhBMP2诱导组的细胞形态产生变化,多数细胞伸出板状伪足产生极性,细胞长度变长;相反,对照组细胞的伪足不明显,多数细胞趋于圆形,细胞直径短。划痕愈合和transwell实验显示,与对照组相比,rhBMP2诱导的MCF-7细胞的迁移和侵入能力明显加强。结论:rhBMP2能够诱导人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7获得迁移表型,并提高了MCF-7细胞的迁移和侵入能力。     

小干扰RNA抑制RUNX2对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖、凋亡与侵袭的影响

目的探讨小干扰RNA抑制人RUNT相关转录因子2(RUNX2)对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖、凋亡与侵袭的影响。方法应用化学合成小干扰RNA技术沉默人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中RUNX2基因的表达,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot实验验证基因沉默效率。应用MTT方法检测细胞增殖能力变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡的变化,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力变化。结果设计的siRNA能够明显抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞RUNX2的表达。RUNX2基因沉默后,人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的增殖能力降低,细胞凋亡率明显提高,侵袭能力显著降低(P<0.01)。结论RUNX2基因是治疗人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的潜在靶点。     

CNTN-1促进人食管癌EC9706细胞侵袭和迁移

目的探讨接触蛋白-1(CNTN-1)在食管癌转移中的作用。方法 q PCR和Western blot检测食管癌细胞系EC9706中CNTN-1的表达;RNA干扰和CNTN-1过表达质粒转染调整EC9706细胞CNTN-1的表达,并将细胞分为空白对照组、scrambled siRNA组、CNTN-1 siRNA组、pcDNA3.1-vector组和pcDNA3.1-CNTN-1组;Brd U和Transwell实验分别检测EC9706细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;qPCR和Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2和MMP-9的表达。结果 CNTN-1在食管癌细胞EC9706中mRNA和蛋白水平较与正常食管上皮细胞显著上调(P0.05);转染CNTN-1siRNA后,EC9706细胞CNTN-1表达水平显著降低(P0.05),细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力显著下降(P0.05),同时细胞中侵袭转移相关蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显下降(P0.05);CNTN-1过表达质粒转染细胞后,EC9706细胞内CNTN-1表达水平上调(P0.05),细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著升高,同时MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显升高(P0.05)。结论 CNTN-1可能通过调节MMP-2和MMP-9表达促进食管癌细胞的侵袭转移。     

RNA干扰UBQLN1基因表达对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响及机制研究

目的：观察抑制泛素1（UBQLN1）基因表达对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响。方法： Western blot检测UBQLN1在乳腺癌T47D、BT549、MDA-MB-231、MCF7细胞中相对于正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A的蛋白表达;用Lipofectamine^TM2000将干扰UBQLN1表达的siRNA（UBQLN1-siRNA）转染MDA-MB-231细胞,同时转染阴性对照组（NC组）,并设置空白对照组,收集转染48 h的细胞Western blot检测其UBQLN1的蛋白表达;CCK8法检测UBQLN1-siRNA转染24 h、48 h和72 h的细胞活力;流式细胞仪及Transwell小室分别检测UBQLN1-siRNA转染48 h的细胞凋亡率及侵袭能力;Western blot检测促凋亡蛋白p53和抑凋亡蛋白Survivin、侵袭相关蛋白基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）和基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）及STAT3和磷酸化的信号转导与转录因子3(p STAT3)的蛋白表达。结果：与MCF-10A细胞比较,UBQLN1在T47D、BT549、MDA-MB-231、MCF7乳腺癌细胞中的表达均显著升高（P<0.01）;与NC组比较,UBQLN1-siRNA组UBQLN1的蛋白表达显著降低,24 h、48 h和72 h的细胞活力均显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著升高,细胞侵袭能力显著降低,Survivin、MMP-2、MMP-9和p-STAT3的蛋白表达均显著降低,p53蛋白表达显著升高（P<0.01）,三组间STAT3的蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：抑制乳腺癌细胞中UBQLN1基因表达可降低乳腺癌细胞活力和侵袭能力,并诱导细胞凋亡和下调STAT3信号通路。     

eEF1A2 promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer by upregulating MMP-9 expression through Akt activation

eEF1A2 is a protein translation factor involved in protein synthesis that is overexpressed in various cancers, with important functions in tumor genesis and progression. We have previously showed that the ectopic expression of eEF1A2 is correlated with lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the functional role of eEF1A2 in the regulation of cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms involved. By evaluating the invasive ability of a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials, eEF1A2 expression in cells was positively associated with their invasive ability. The knockdown of eEF1A2 by siRNA decreased the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. By contrast, the ectopic expression of exogenous eEF1A2 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of SW1990 cells. Stable eEF1A2 overexpression in a nude mouse model of peritoneal metastasis likewise dramatically enhanced the intraperitoneal metastatic ability of SW1990 cells. In addition, eEF1A2 overexpression could upregulate MMP-9 expression and activity. A significant positive correlation between the overexpression of both eEF1A2 and MMP-9 was observed in pancreatic cancer tissues. The inhibition of MMP-9 activity reduced the promoting effect of eEF1A2 on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, eEF1A2-mediated cell migration and invasion, as well as MMP-9 expression and upregulation, were largely dependent on the eEF1A2-induced Akt activation. The findings suggested the potentially important role of eEF1A2 in pancreatic cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the results provide evidence of eEF1A2 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of aggressive pancreatic cancer.     

敲减HMGB1表达对TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响

 目的：探讨敲减高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）表达对肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响及机制。方法：采用HMGB1小干扰RNA（siRNA）转染乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分别测定细胞中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达情况。用TNF-α处理敲减HMGB1表达的MDA-MB-231细胞,流式细胞术测定各组细胞凋亡,Transwell小室法测定各组细胞侵袭能力,细胞划痕实验测定各组细胞的迁移能力,Western blot法测定细胞中上皮钙黏素（E-cadherin）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）、神经钙黏素（N-cadherin）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）和Bax的表达情况。结果：HMGB1 siRNA转染后MDA-MB-231细胞中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于没有转染的细胞（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,TNF-α处理后的乳腺癌细胞的凋亡水平升高,细胞侵袭和迁移能力也升高,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白水平降低,N-cadherin蛋白水平升高,MMP-2、MMP-9和Bax蛋白水平也升高（P<0.05）。敲减HMGB1表达的MDA-MB-231细胞经TNF-α诱导以后,细胞凋亡率增加,侵袭及迁移能力下调,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白水平升高,N-cadherin蛋白水平下降,MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白水平也下降,Bax蛋白水平升高（P<0.05）。结论：敲减HMGB1表达可以增强TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞凋亡,抑制TNF-α诱导的乳腺癌细胞侵袭、迁移和上皮-间充质转化,其作用机制与MMP-2、MMP-9和Bax蛋白表达有关。     

Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CXCL12 over expressed breast cancer cells

CXCL12 is positively associated with the metastasis and prognosis of various human malignancies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main cells secreting CXCL12, are capable of inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. However, it has not been completely understood whether CXCL12 is involved in EMT of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CXCL12 on the EMT and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes formation by transfecting pEGFP-N1-CXCL12 plasmid into MCF-7 cells. Real time-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the successful over expression of CXCL12 in MCF-7 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion analysis confirmed that over expression of CXCL12 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). In addition, ALDH activity was dramatically enhanced compared with parental (P<0.001), accompanied by the notably elevated mRNA and protein levels of OCT-4, Nanog, and SOX2 in CXCL12 overexpressed-MCF-7 cells (P<0.001). Furthermore, we observed the down regulation of E-cadherin and up regulation of vimentin, N-cadherin, and α-SMA in CXCL12 overexpressed-MCF-7 cells (P<0.01). Meanwhile, western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that over expression of CXCL12 activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway to induce EMT of MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by the increased expression of E-cadherin after silencing β-catenin by siRNA interference (P<0.001). Collectively, our findings suggested that over expression of CXCL12 could trigger EMT by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induce CSC-like phenotypes formation to promote the proliferation and metastasis in MCF-7. Hence, CXCL12 may become a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.     

RNA interference of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibits human breast cancer cell growth and invasion

Metastasis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in breast cancer. Recently, dramatic overexpression of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein has been found in estrogen receptor-negative [ER (−)] breast cancer cell lines and in clinical samples. In this study, CD73 small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmid was constructed and stably transfected into breast cancer cell MB-MDA-231 to determine the role of CD73 in breast cancer metastasis and the possible mechanism. Our study demonstrates that CD73 siRNA effectively inhibits CD73 gene expression at mRNA and protein level in MB-MDA-231 cells, leading to in vivo and in vitro growth suppression, prevention of adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM), and inhibition of invasion and migration. These properties correlate with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity as well as reduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Demonstration of the role of CD73 in breast cancer may lead to new targeted therapies for breast cancer.     

Immunoglobulin G from Breast Cancer Patients Regulates MCF-7 Cells Migration and MMP-9 Activity by Stimulating Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Purpose

We have previously reported the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in human breast tumors. The activation of these receptors triggered tumor cell proliferation. Considering that invasion and metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer, we investigated the action of autoantibodies against mAChR derived from breast cancer patients in stage I (T1N0Mx-IgG) on MCF-7 cells migration and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. We also analyzed the participation of phospholipase C/nitric oxide synthase/protein kinase C pathway.

Methods

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified by chromatography in protein G-agarose from blood samples of breast cancer patients obtained under informed consent. Migration was assayed by an in vitro wound assay. MMP-9 activity was quantified by zymography.

Results

T1N0Mx-IgG promoted tumor cell migration and increased MMP9 activity mimicking the action of the muscarinic agonist carbachol. This effect was reduced not only by the presence of atropine but also by 4-DAMP or tropicamide, antagonists for M₃ and M₄ mAChR subtypes respectively. The actions of T1N0Mx-IgG and carbachol on MCF-7 cells, involved the participation of phospholipase C/nitric oxide synthase/protein kinase C pathway.

Conclusions

IgG from breast cancer patients in stage I could be promoting tumor progression by regulating migration and MMP-9 activity in tumor cells via mAChR activation. The presence of these autoantibodies could be determining the prognosis of breast cancer in these patients.     

靶向APRIL基因小干扰RNA对鼠肠癌细胞生长与迁移能力的影响

目的 制备并筛选靶向鼠结直肠癌细胞株CT-26增殖诱导配体(APRIL)基因小干扰RNA(siRNA),通过检测APRIL siRNA抑制肠癌细胞生长及迁移等指标,为体内递送APRIL siRNA靶向治疗小鼠结直肠癌原位模型奠定基础.方法 分别设计、合成4种不同位点的APRIL siRNA,同时以合成无序序列作为阴性对照,再用LipofectAMINE 2000转染高表达APRIL的鼠结直肠癌细胞株CT-26,荧光显微镜下计数评价6-FAM标记的APRIL siRNA转染效率与筛选转染浓度;FQ-RT-PCR检测APRIL mRNA水平,Western印迹分析APRIL蛋白表达,筛选沉默效率最高的APRIL siRNA片段;细胞损伤修复法检测APRIL siRNA抑制肠癌细胞迁移的能力;CCK-8(cell counting kit-8)法检测细胞增殖情况;RT-PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2及TIMP-1 mRNA水平.结果 4种不同siRNA瞬时转染CT-26细胞后APRIL mRNA和蛋白表达有明显差别(P＜0.05).APRIL siRNA组与对照组相比,细胞生长与迁移能力明显减弱(P＜0.05),MMP-2及TIMP-1 mRNA水平均有显著性差别(P＜0.05).结论 成功筛选靶向鼠结肠癌细胞株CT-26增殖诱导配体APRIL siRNA,其中APsi737敲低效率可达到90%.靶向APRIL基因小干扰RNA可有效降低肠癌细胞的生长与转移能力,可能与MMP-2及TIMP-1的调节有关.可用于后续的靶向治疗结直肠癌研究.

Abstract：

Objective To construct and screen siRNA targeting a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene in a mouse colorectal cancer celline, CT-26. To investigate the effects to the cell growth and migrant capacity of CT-26 after knockdown APRIL gene, lay the foundation for molecular targeted therapy to colorectal cancer. Methods Four pairs of APRIL siRNA were designed and chemically synthesized. And disorder sequences were synthesized as a negative control. These sequences were transfected with LipofectAMINE 2000 into CT-26 cells, which high-expressed APRIL gene. The transfection efficency rate of 6-FAM labelled control siRNA was detected by fluorescence microscope. The inhibition effectiveness of APRIL mRNA and protein was analyzed by FQ-RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation activity was analyzed by cell counting kit-8, cell migration capacity was detected by the repair of cell damage, and MMP-2 together with TIMP-1, two important regulatory genes in cell metastasis, were measured by RT-PCR.Results The different kinds of APRIL siRNA effectively suppressed the level of APRIL mRNA and the protein expression in CT-26 (P ＜ 0.05 ). Cell proliferation and metastasis ability were repressed after APRIL siRNA transfection( P ＜ 0.05 ), compared with random siRNA control and nontransfected control. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 genes wre significantly altered among APRIL siRNA groups and two control groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion We have constructed and screened a kind of siRNA (APsi737) targeting APRIL gene in a mouse colorectal cancer cell line, CT-26. APRIL siRNA can effectively inhibit the cell growth and migration capacity, maybe be regulated by MMP-2 and TIMP-1.