大蒜提取物对X线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨大蒜提取物对X线照射小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.方法 采用X线单次照射小鼠模型,在照射前3 d开始每天1次灌胃给予大蒜提取物200、400、600 mg/kg,连续14 d.于第15天断颈处死小鼠,分别测量小鼠体重、胸腺和脾脏重量,计算胸腺和脾脏指数;MTT法检测刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力;检测外周血白细胞分类及计数,采用流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群的分布情况.结果 与对照组相比,X线照射小鼠的胸腺重量、胸腺指数、脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力、外周血白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数及百分比、淋巴细胞数均降低;流式细胞学检测显示X线照射小鼠的T淋巴细胞百分比及数量、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞百分比及数量均降低,CD4+/CD8+比值则升高;补充大蒜提取物,特别是补充中剂量组(400 mg/kg)小鼠这些指标一定程度上向对照组水平恢复.结论 补充大蒜提取物能够改善X线照射小鼠的免疫功能.     

苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠防护作用的研究

目的：初步探讨苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用。方法：观察苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠体重、外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数、骨髓有核细胞数、内源性脾结节数、骨髓DNA含量的影响。结果：照射后给予一定浓度的苞叶雪莲水提物,可使小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数及骨髓有核细胞计数高于照射对照组（P〈0．05）,三个照射给药组骨髓DNA含量高于照射对照组（P〈0．05）,高剂量照射给药组内源性脾结节数高于照射对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统有促损伤恢复作用,可能与促进骨髓细胞DNA损伤修复有关。     

苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠防护作用的研究

目的:初步探讨苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用.方法:观察苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠体重、外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数、骨髓有核细胞数、内源性脾结节数、骨髓DNA含量的影响.结果:照射后给予一定浓度的苞叶雪莲水提物,可使小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数及骨髓有核细胞计数高于照射对照组(P＜0.05),三个照射给药组骨髓DNA含量高于照射对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量照射给药组内源性脾结节数高于照射对照组(P＜0.01).结论:苞叶雪莲水提物对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统有促损伤恢复作用,可能与促进骨髓细胞DNA损伤修复有关.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸抗X射线照射小鼠损伤效应

背景与目的：探讨N-乙酰左旋半胱氨酸(NAC)抗X线照射小鼠损伤效应。材料与方法： 通过预先给予NAC,观察其对受照小鼠的骨髓造血功能和免疫功能的影响。结果： NAC具有保护和提高受照小鼠骨髓有核细胞数,CFU-S,CFU-GM及胸腺细胞自发增殖能力和脾细胞产生白细胞介素(IL-2)的能力。结论： NAC可提高小鼠对X射线照射损伤的耐受能力。     

不同剂量X射线照射对小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的：观察不同剂量X射线照射对小鼠免疫系统的影响。方法将24只小鼠随机分为对照组（无照射）,低剂量照射组（每次2 Gy）和高剂量照射组（每次5 Gy）,每组各8只。比较不同剂量X射线对小鼠进行单次全身照射后,胸腺、脾脏变化及对外周血白细胞,淋巴细胞及血小板数量的影响。结果高剂量照射组胸腺指数较对照组降低,差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）,而低剂量照射组胸腺指数与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;随着X线照射剂量的增大,脾脏指数降低,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;与对照组比较,低、高剂量照射组小鼠外周血白细胞,淋巴细胞及血小板数量均减少,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论不同免疫器官对X射线敏感度不同,X射线对免疫功能的损伤随着射线剂量的增加而增大,因此应该加强对放射治疗患者免疫器官的保护。     

转染人突变dhfr基因的小鼠骨髓细胞对小鼠造血功能的长期保护作用

目的:将转染了人突变dhfr基因的第二代小鼠骨髓,移植给经致死剂量照射的第三代小鼠,观察该基因对小鼠造血功能的长期保护作用.方法:分离存活的第二代小鼠骨髓有核细胞,直接移植给经致死剂量照射的同系小鼠,以MTX筛选,观察小鼠血象和生存率变化,PCR和Southem印迹杂交分析目的基因在小鼠染色体DNA中的整合与表达情况.结果:在大剂量MTX筛选下,实验组小鼠造血功能逐渐恢复,对照组3周内全部死亡.实验组生存率和生存期明显高于对照组,但较前两代生存率低.PCR和Southern印迹分析结果提示,实验组脾脏和肝脏组织中均检测到前病毒标志基因neo~R和dhfr基因的特异务带.结论:转染了人突变dhfr基因的第二代小鼠骨髓,能有效地重建经致死剂量照射的第三代小鼠造血功能.保护骨髓免遭大剂量MTX所致的严重骨髓抑制,dhfr基因在小鼠基因组DNA中的稳定整合是这种长期保护作用的物质基础.     

茜草醇提物对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统保护作用的研究

目的 研究茜草醇提物对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统的保护作用。方法 建立辐射损伤小鼠模型,将50只小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只。给药组小鼠予以不同剂量［低剂量0.25 g/（kg·d）、中剂量0.49 g/（kg·d）、高剂量0.99 g/（kg·d）］茜草醇提物灌胃,空白对照组和单纯照射组分别予1 mL生理盐水灌胃,各组持续灌胃13 d,正常饲养7 d后处死小鼠。于灌胃第7天,不同剂量给药组和单纯照射组小鼠均接受60Co γ射线6 Gy一次性全身照射。观察茜草醇提物对辐射损伤小鼠体重以及外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板和骨髓有核细胞含量的影响。结果 与单纯照射组比较,高剂量茜草醇提物给药+照射组小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、骨髓有核细胞计数均升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但体重和血小板计数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;而低剂量、中剂量茜草醇提物给药+照射组与单纯照射组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 高剂量茜草提取物对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统有促进恢复作用。     

转染人突变dhfr基因的小鼠骨髓细胞对小鼠造血功能的？…

目的：将转染了人突变ｄｈｆｒ基因的第二代小鼠骨髓,移植给经致死剂量照射的第三代小鼠,观察该基因对小鼠造血功能的长期保护作用。方法：分离存活的第二代小鼠骨髓有核细胞,直接移植给经致死剂量照射的同系小鼠,以ＭＴＸ筛选,观察小鼠血象和生存率变化,ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交分析目的基因在小鼠染色体ＤＮＡ中的整合与表达情况。结果：在大剂量ＭＴＸ筛选下,实验组小鼠造血功能逐渐恢复,对照组３周内全部死亡。     

四君子汤 对电离辐射损伤 的防治作用

目的：观察四君子汤对电离辐射所致免疫和造血系统损伤的防治作用,探讨其可能的机制。方法：采用CCK-8试剂盒检测不同终浓度（0、60、120、600、1 200 μg/mL）的四君子汤作用48 h对淋巴母细胞AHH-1的毒性作用,以及不同终浓度（0、0.04、0.2、1、25、120 μg/mL）的四君子汤预处理2 h对4 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后AHH-1细胞存活率的影响。选择6~8周的BALB/c小鼠160只,用随机数字表法分为阴性对照组、照射对照组以及四君子汤0.75、2.25、6.75 g/kg剂量组。3.5 Gy γ射线全身单次照射造成小鼠电离辐射损伤模型。照射后第3和第7天,观察四君子汤对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞数及百分率、胸腺系数的影响。各组小鼠经5.5 Gy γ射线全身单次照射后,观察30 d并记录死亡小鼠数和死亡时间。结果：与照射对照组细胞（0 μg/mL）相比,四君子汤在0~120 μg/mL范围内对AHH-1细胞未见明显毒性（P > 0.05）,经120 μg/mL四君子汤处理的AHH-1细胞存活率显著提高（P < 0.05）。与照射对照组比较,照后3 d,四君子汤2.25 g/kg剂量组小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞数及百分率均显著升高（P均 < 0.05）;四君子汤6.75 g/kg剂量组的淋巴细胞百分率显著升高（P < 0.05）;照后第3和第7天,四君子汤6.75 g/kg剂量组的胸腺系数均显著升高（P均 < 0.05）。与照射对照组比较,四君子汤6.75 g/kg剂量组小鼠的30 d内平均存活时间及30 d生存率均显著增加（P均 < 0.05）。结论：四君子汤通过提高外周血淋巴细胞数、减少胸腺损伤,可缓解电离辐射所致损伤,促进小鼠免疫和造血功能恢复,并可促进γ射线照射小鼠的存活,可考虑作为电离辐射损伤防治药物作进一步的研究。     

转染双耐药基因小鼠骨髓细胞对放化疗的作用

[目的]探讨人突变的胸腺嘧啶合成酶(mTS)及双突变的二氢叶酸还原酶（dmDHFR)基因转染给正常小鼠骨髓细胞后，体内和体外是否对小鼠骨髓细胞具有耐受大剂量放疗与化疗的作用。[方法]将mTS及dmDHFR基因通过反转录病毒转染给小鼠骨髓细胞。再将转染后的骨髓细胞输给经致死剂量照射(9Gy)的小鼠，4周后给小鼠大剂量腹腔注射5-氟尿嘧啶(5—Fu，50mg/kg.d，共5天)和氨甲喋呤(MTX)，观察小鼠骨髓造血集落CFU—S、白细胞、血小板和存活率。[结果]在骨髓移植后第5周，对照组7只小鼠全部死亡，含单药耐药基因TS组有5只存活，含双耐药基因组6只存活。骨髓移植后第8周，再给小鼠腹腔注射大剂量5—Fu(75mg/kg.d，共3天)和MTX(单次300mg/kg)，结果单耐药基因组动物全部死亡，双耐药基因组6只动物全部存活，随着时间推移，存活动物的骨髓功能逐渐恢复，白细胞、血小板逐渐升高。骨髓细胞中有耐药克隆(CFU—GM)形成，骨髓细胞和CFU—S中有相应耐药基因表达。[结论]含有双耐药基因的骨髓细胞对致死剂量照射加5—Fu和MTX处理的小鼠有明显的保护作用。     

BALB／c小鼠重度骨髓型急性放射病模型的建立

 目的　建立BALB／c小鼠重度骨髓型急性放射病模型,为重度骨髓型急性放射病的实验研究提供依据。方法　BALB／c小鼠给予60Coγ射线6.0 Gy一次全身照射。观察小鼠照射后一般临床表现、外周血细胞计数、股骨病理组织学及骨髓细胞集落生成情况。结果　小鼠照射后第3天活动量即有不同程度的减少,但均无呕吐、稀便,照射后第11天白细胞降至最低值（基础水平的3.0 %）,照射后第28天恢复至基础水平的53.7 %;照射后第14天血小板降至最低值（基础水平的8.1 %）,照射后第28天恢复至基础水平的60.4 %;照射后第14天骨髓病理示骨髓腔呈空虚状态,骨髓有核细胞集落培养亦提示粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位（CFU-GM）、混合集落形成单位（CFU-Mix）明显下降;照射后第28天骨髓病理、CFU-GM及CFU-Mix未完全恢复;照射后2个月全部小鼠存活。结论　6.0 Gy 60Coγ射线一次全身照射BALB／c小鼠可成功构建重度骨髓型急性放射病模型,可用于骨髓型急性放射病的实验研究。     

THE EARLY RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF SINGLE DOSE OF FAST NEUTRONS（35MeV_（p→Be）） FOR BONE MARROW IN MICE

ＴＨＥＥＡＲＬＹＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＥＦＦＥＣＴＩＶＥＮＥＳＳＯＦＳＩＮＧＬＥＤＯＳＥＯＦＦＡＳＴＮＥＵＴＲＯＮＳ（３５ＭｅＶ_（ｐ→Ｂｅ））ＦＯＲＢＯＮＥＭＡＲＲＯＷＩＮＭＩＣＥ￥ＳｕｎＹａｎ；孙艳；ＨａｎＳｈｕｋｕｉ；韩树奎；Ｘｕ?..     

白细胞介素12早期干预对急性放射病小鼠的治疗作用

目的:研究重组鼠白细胞介素12(rmIL-12)早期干预对γ射线急性放射病小鼠的治疗作用,并与重组鼠血小板生成素(rmTPO)的辐射防护作用进行比较。方法:42只BALB/c小鼠均给予60Coγ射线6.0Gy一次全身照射后随机分为照射对照(对照)、rmIL-12治疗和rmTPO治疗3组。rmIL-12治疗组小鼠于照射后1h及此后每3d一次分别腹腔注射rmIL-12 20μg/(kg.d),共5次;rmTPO治疗组小鼠于照射后0.5和24h分别皮下注射rmTPO 15μg/kg;对照组给予等体积的无菌PBS。2次/d观察小鼠一般情况,3d检测1次外周血细胞数,分别于照射后14d和28d收集骨髓细胞进行集落培养。结果:rmIL-12治疗组小鼠一般情况较对照组改善,外周血中血小板(PLT)下降速度明显慢于对照组,PLT恢复时间较对照组明显提前(11d vs 14d),且PLT最低值明显高于对照组(18.9%vs 8.1%,P<0.05)。rmIL-12治疗组PLT恢复速度稍快于rmTPO治疗组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。照射后14和28d骨髓有核细胞集落培养结果提示rmIL-12治疗组CFU-Mix明显高于对照组(P<0.01),与rmTPO治疗组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:rmIL-12可明显促进急性放射病小鼠造血功能恢复,对巨核系的恢复作用与rmTPO相当,有望开发成安全有效的新型辐射防治药物。     

THE LATE EFFECTS ON BONE MARROWS IN MICE AFTER TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION BY P(35) BE FAST NEUTRONS AND γ RAYS

Thebonemarrowisadose-limitingcellre11ewaltissueforwide-fieldirradiation,inspiteofbothearlyandlateperiodaftertheradiotherapy.Thedamageofthehernatopoieticstemcellandmicroenvironmentofthebonemarrowcanbefoundafterirradiationandthelong-termmyelosuppressioncanalsoberesuItedinwhenwide-fieldirradiationisused.It'sveryimportantforfurtherclinicaltherapytounderstandthcIateeffectsonbonemarrowsafterwide-fieldortotalbodyirradiation.Inthispaperthelateeffectsonbonemarrowsinmiceaftertotalbodyirracliationwithsi…     

Prevention of adverse effects of γ-ray irradiation after metallothionein induction by bismuth subnitrate in mice

The effect of preinduction of metallonthionein (MT) by bismuth subnitrate (BSN) on the adverse effects and antitumor activity of γ-ray irradiation was investigated in mice. Preinduction of MT by oral administration of BSN significantly reduced the lethal effects and bone marrow injury caused by total body irradiation with γ-rays. A significant increase in the MT concentration in bone marrow was observed in mice treated with BSN. In tumor-bearing mice, pretreatment with BSN did not compromise the antitumor activity of γ-ray irradiation although bone marrow injury was remarkably suppressed. These results suggest that BSN pretreatment is an effective method for protection against side-effects in radiotherapy.     

Effect of irradiation on thermal sensitivity of bone marrow progenitors

The heat sensitivity of murine CFU-GM and CFU-E following 2.5 Gy of total body irradiation (TBI) was studied. C3H f/Sed female mice were treated with 2.5 Gy TBI and femoral bone marrow was heated in vitro at 43 degrees C. CFU-GM show heat radiosensitization when bone marrow was heated immediately following irradiation. There was a brief decline in heat and radiation interaction when cells were heated 3 hours following 2.5 Gy of TBI, but heat radiosensitization returned to its maximum from 1 to 2 days following irradiation and remained significantly different from the control on days 5 and 7 following irradiation. The heat and radiation interaction disappeared by 30 days. CFU-E shows significant heat radiosensitization only on day 2 following 2.5 Gy of TBI. Total nucleated cells per femur showed a decrease by 70 per cent in days 1 to 2 following TBI, recovered to control values by day 5, and did not correlate with the changes in heat radiosensitization. Cell cycle analysis of CFU-GM using hydroxyurea showed no significant changes in cell cycle parameters on days 1 and 2 following 2.5 Gy, when maximum heat sensitization was observed. It is concluded that bone marrow progenitors may respond in a different way from other normal tissues to heat and irradiation sequencing, and that these differences must be considered when designing clinical trials.     

Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against radiation-induced toxicity in mice

The effect of Thuja occidentalis against damage induced by gamma radiation was studied. Whole-body exposure of Swiss albino mice to gamma-rays (6 Gy) reduced the total white blood cell count to 1900 cells/mm(3) on the third day, which was elevated to 2050 cells/mm(3) by the administration of alcoholic extract ofT occidentalis (5 mg/dose/animal, intraperitoneally). Six animals from each group were killed after 2, 7, and 11 days of irradiation to detect the bone marrow cellularity and radiation-induced toxicity. The number of bone marrow cells and alpha-esterase positive cells in control animals after 11 days was reduced to 12.2 x 10(6) cells/femur and 693.5/4000 cells, respectively. In T occidentalis-treated animals, bone marrow cellularity was increased to 16.9 x 10(6) cells/femur and alpha-esterase positive cells were 940/4000 cells, a nearly normal level. Alcoholic extract of T occidentalis reduced the elevated levels of GPT and alkaline phosphatase in liver and serum after irradiation. The lipid peroxidation levels were also lowered in the irradiated animals treated with the Thuja extract.     

Study on Fractionated Total Body Irradiation before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

OBJECTIVE To observe the dose and the complications from total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.METHODS This study involved 312 patients with total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. They were entered into the treated research from May 1999 to October 2005. All patients had Received the irradiation from 60Co of an absorbed dose rate of (5.2 ± 1.13) cGy/min. The total dose of TBI was 7~12 Gy, 1 f/d × 2 d. A high-dose rate group (≥ 10 Gy) included 139 cases and a low-dose rate group (< 10 Gy) included 173 cases.RESULTS The probability of acute gastrointestinal reactions in the high-dose rate group was more compared with that in the low-dose rate group. The differences for other reactions, such as hematopoietic reconstitution and graft survival rate, between the two groups were insignificant.CONCLUSION Using fractional total body irradiation at a dose rate of 5 cGy/min, with a total dose of 7~12 Gy, 1 f/d x 2 d, with the lung receiving under 7.5 Gy is a safe and effective pretreatment for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.     

Effect of irradiation on thermal sensitivity of bone marrow progenitors

The heat sensitivity of murine CFU-GM and CFU-E following 2.5 Gy of total body irradiation (TBI) was studied. C3H f/Sed female mice were treated with 2.5 Gy TBI and femoral bone marrow was heated in vitro at 43°C. CFU-GM show heat radio-sensitization when bone marrow was heated immediately following irradiation. There was a brief decline in heat and radiation interaction when cells were heated 3 hours following 2.5 Gy of TBI, but heat radiosensitization returned to its maximum from 1 to 2 days following irradiation and remained significantly different from the control on days 5 and 7 following irradiation. The heat and radiation interaction disappeared by 30 days. CFU-E shows significant heat radiosensitization only on day 2 following 2.5 Gy of TBI. Total nucleated cells per femur showed a decrease by 70 per cent in days 1 to 2 following TBI, recovered to control values by day 5, and did not correlate with the changes in heat radiosensitization. Cell cycle analysis of CFU-GM using hydroxyurea showed no significant changes in cell cycle parameters on days 1 and 2 following 2.5 Gy, when maximum heat sensitization was observed. It is concluded that bone marrow progenitors may respond in a different way from other normal tissues to heat and irradiation sequencing, and that these differences must be considered when designing clinical trials.