A case report of an arthroscopic-assisted fixation of a small Hoffa fracture in a young patient

IntroductionHoffa fracture is a type of rare tangential supracondylar distal femoral fracture. The most common mechanism of this fracture injury is high energy trauma. In some cases, its poor visibility on X-rays makes its diagnosis difficult and needs more than routine X-rays. Treatment methods include conventional ORIF, or arthroscopy-assisted fixation as a more challenging method.Case reportWe present a case of a young female patient who sustained a low energy injury trauma to her left knee, which caused in a small minimally displaced lateral unicondylar Hoffa fracture.DiscussionAlthough it needs more experience and special tools, arthroscopy-assisted fixation of Hoffa fracture provides a good method of treatment, and it has many advantages over open method.ConclusionOur aim here is to confirm that Hoffa fracture may occur even with low energy knee trauma, and that arthroscopy-assisted fixation is a successful, applicable and alternative method to ORIF for small and thin osteochondral fragments, and could provide good stability and union even when using only one screw for fixation.     

An attempt to treat Hoffa fractures under arthroscopy: A case report

We treated a 15-year-old female patient with fracture of the post-lateral femoral condyle and the bone shifted in front of the knee. Considering that the traditional surgical approach has the shortcomings of significant trauma and poor prognosis, we designed an arthroscopic procedure, which achieved satisfactory short-term efficacy, effectively reduced and fixed the fractures, avoided damage to vascular nerves, and maximally reduced the trauma caused by surgery itself.     

A rare case of unicondylar medial Hoffa fracture associated with ipsilateral vertical patella fracture

An 18 year old male patient was hit by a car to his motorcycle causing a unicondylar Hoffa fracture and an ipsilateral patella fracture. Hoffa fracture is a rare lesion and this association of injury has not been reported before.     

8例Hoffa骨折手术治疗临床疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗Hoffa骨折的临床疗效。方法自2011-01—2015-10共诊治8例Hoffa骨折。对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折采用2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定;对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折,3例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加锁定钢板支撑固定,2例用2枚空心拉力螺钉外加横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定。结果本组8例均获得随访8~37个月,平均20.3月,术后切口均一期愈合,术后3个月骨折均骨性愈合,随访过程未见骨折移位、内固定物失效、骨折不愈合、骨折畸形愈合等并发症。末次随访疗效用Letenneur评估系统进行评定:优4例,良3例,差1例。结论 Hoffa骨折行手术治疗时,对于LetenneurⅠ、Ⅱ型骨折行2或3枚空心拉力螺钉固定,对于LetenneurⅢ型骨折、粉碎性Hoffa骨折或伴有严重骨质疏松症患者加用锁定钢板支撑固定或横向2枚空心拉力螺钉固定,可达到固定牢固、能早期功能练习、术后并发症少、术后效果满意的疗效。     

A case report of the Hoffa fracture and a review of literature

The Hoffa fracture is an uncommon fracture. There is a lot of confusion about its diagnosis and management with several conflicting reports in literature. We reported a 25-year-old patient with non-union of Hoffa fracture, and meanwhile tried to develop an algorithm-based treatment for Hoffa fractures. A systematic review of the available literature was performed. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PubMed were searched for relevant articles. Fifty-five articles were reviewed, and the clinical knowledge base was summarized. The understanding of the mechanism of trauma has become more nuanced. The literature has also evolved to classify the fracture with the purpose of surgical management in mind. This can be used to plan approach and fixation with preservation of blood supply. Classification can also prognosticate the outcomes in Hoffa fracture.     

股骨髁冠状面骨折非手术治疗1例报告

男性患者,37岁,2007年11月因车祸伤致右膝关节疼痛,活动受限1.5h来诊。体格检查：右膝关节半屈曲位,肿胀明显,股骨内髁压痛,右膝关节活动受限,远肢端血运感觉及活动情况均正常。X线片示：右股骨内髁孤立性骨折,     

Hoffa fracture associated with ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture: clinical feature and treatment

Hoffa fracture associated with ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture is very rare.Three cases of this rare type of injury were retrospectively reviewed.The sites of femoral shaft fractures and Hoffa fractures were documented.All femoral shaft fractures were managed with internal fixation.The rate of misdiagnosis for the Hoffa fractures was documented.Functions of the affected knees were evaluated according to the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores at two years follow-up.Femoral fractures were either transverse or composite in all three cases.Ipsilateral Hoffa fractures occurred at medial condyle in two cases,and lateral condyle in one case.Only one Hoffa fracture was identified preoperatively.All the femoral shaft fractures healed uneventfully.In the patient whose Hoffa fracture was correctly diagnosed,the modified HSS score was 94.In another patient,whose Hoffa fracture was treated by a second operation,the modified HSS score was 93.And in the third case,who refused additional operation for the Hoffa fracture,the modified HSS score was only 70.Conclusively femoral shaft fracture can be associated with ipsilateral Hoffa fracture,especially in motorcycle accident.This type of injury is very rare and misdiagnosis is common.     

Plate fixation for Letenneur type I Hoffa fracture: a biomechanical study

BackgroundA coronal fracture of the posterior femoral condyle, also known as a Hoffa fracture, is an unusual injury, and there are only a handful of case reports or series exploring it. The optimal fixation method of these intraarticular fractures remains controversial; improper or unstable fixation usually lead to an unsatisfactory prognosis. The use of posterior–anterior or reversed lag screw fixation is still a popular method. Additional buttress plating is also recommended for fixation of these difficult fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical strength of four different fixation patterns for this uncommon fracture.Material and methodsSixteen sawbone simulated models of Letenneur type I Hoffa fractures were created with one of four fixation patterns: two screws implanted in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction or posterior–anterior (PA) direction; one screw in the PA direction with a plate implanted in the posterior position of the distal femoral condyle or with a plate in the lateral position. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine the post-fixation axial stiffness, the maximum load to failure and the fragment vertical displacement for each of the four constructs.ResultsThe plate fixation patterns whether implanted in the posterior or lateral position were shown to provide higher overall axial stiffness and load to failure, and less vertical displacement than the other two patterns of pure screw fixation. Among these constructs, the lateral plate fixation was found to provide the highest stiffness and load to failure and the least displacement for the posterior condylar fragments, followed by the posterior plate fixation. The lowest overall stiffness and load to failure and the largest vertical displacement were found in the construct with the AP direction placed screws.ConclusionIt was concluded that the lateral position implanted plate is biomechanically the strongest fixation method for Letenneur type I Hoffa fractures. However, this plate fixation is not recommended for all cases. The choice of internal fixation pattern depends on the surgeons.     

合并同侧胫骨平台骨折的Hoffa骨折的治疗

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗合并同侧胫骨平台骨折的Hoffa骨折临床疗效。方法切开复位内固定治疗合并同侧胫骨平台骨折的Hoffa骨折6例。结果患者均获随访,时间6～23(13.5±2.7)个月,骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间2.5～10(4.6±1.4)个月。膝关节功能参照Letenneur评估标准:优2例,良2例,可1例,差1例。结论切开复位内固定治疗合并同侧胫骨平台骨折的Hoffa骨折是一种安全、有效的方法。     

关节镜技术在Hoffa病诊断与治疗中的应用体会

Hoffa病是外伤、磨损、炎症等原因导致髌下脂肪垫水肿、增生,于胫股关节和（或）髌股关节形成挤夹或撞击,并出现一系列临床症状,所以也称为髌下脂肪垫挤夹综合征。由德国外科医师Hoffa于1904年首先报道并命名。Hoffa病临床上较少见而且难以确诊,随着关节镜技术的应用和普及,提高了对该病的诊断率和治疗效果。自2000年5月至2007年12月,采用关节镜诊治Hoffa病患者36例,效果满意,现报告如下。     

双钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的探讨股骨髁间粉碎性骨折切开复位双钢板内固定的临床价值。方法采用切开复位普通钢板、髁部支撑钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折84例。根据术前术后X线片及术后膝关节功能恢复情况评价内固定效果。结果 84例均获得随访,时间8个月～6年。根据Sanders et al评分标准：优45例,良30例,差9例,优良率89.5%。骨折11～18个月均骨性愈合。结论该方法操作简便,固定牢固,可早期活动,有较高的临床实用价值,该术式是治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折的理想选择。     

Coronal fractures of the distal femoral condyle: a biomechanical evaluation of four internal fixation constructs

This study evaluated different fixation methods in posterior femoral condyle coronal fractures. A standardised osteotomy was created in synthetic composite femurs and fixed with one of four methods (one 3.5 mm diameter screw, two 3.5 mm screws, one 6.5 mm screw, two 6.5 mm screws). The stiffness and mean loads to specified displacements were measured. The stiffness of two 6.5 mm screws was significantly greater than both single 3.5 mm screw (3567 versus 2584N/mm; p=0.0075) and double 3.5 mm screws (3567 versus 2080N/mm; p=0.003). There was no statistical difference in the stiffness of one 6.5 mm screw compared to either the single or double 3.5mm screws. Increasing the screw diameter and using two screws increased the load at 1, 2 and 3 mm of displacement. In the fixation of posterior femoral condyle fractures, two 6.5 mm screws are more rigid than either single or double 3.5 mm screws. The use of a second screw marginally increases the rigidity of fixation. If 3.5 mm screws are used in the fixation of posterior femoral condyle fractures, at least two screws should be used to approximate the biomechanical stability of a single 6.5 mm screw.     

Biomechanical comparison of dynamic condylar screw and locking compression plate fixation in unstable distal femoral fractures: An in vitro study

Background:

Distal femur fractures are difficult to manage and the selection of implant for internal fixation remains controversial. The objective of this study is to establish the relative strength of fixation of a distal femoral locking plate (DFLP) compared with the dynamic condylar screw (DCS) in the distal femur fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Study was conducted on 16 freshly harvested cadaveric distal femoral specimens, eight implanted with DCS and other eight with DFLP. The construct was made unstable by removing a standard sized medial wedge of 1 cm base (gap-osteotomy) beginning 6 cm proximal to the lateral joint line in distal metaphyseal region with the loss of medial buttress. Fatigue test was conducted under load control mode at the frequency of I Hz. Specimens were subjected to cyclic loading of 2 kN, under observation for 50,000 cycles or until failure/cutout, which ever occurred earlier.

Results:

In DFLP group, there was no implant failure and the average number of cycles sustained was 50,000. Six out of eight specimens completed 50,000 cycles and two failed in DCS group. The average number of cycles sustained by DCS was 46150. Though the bone quality as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA was comparable in both DFLP and DCS group (P = 0.06), none failed in DFLP group and subsidence was 1.02 ± 0.34 mm (range: 0.60-1.32 mm), which was significantly 43% lower (P = 0.006) than subsidence in DCS group (1.82 ± 0.58; range: 1.20-3.08 mm). The average stiffness of DCS group was 52.8 ± 4.2 N/mm, which was significantly lower than average stiffness of locked condylar plate group (71.2 ± 5.1 N/mm) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

DFLP fixation of the distal femur fractures resulted in stronger construct than the DCS fixation in both cyclic loading and ultimate strength in biomechanical testing of a simulated A3 distal femur fracture.     

钢板螺钉内固定治疗粉碎性Hoffa骨折

2006年10月～2010年2月,我们采用钢板螺钉内固定治疗5例粉碎性Hoffa骨折,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组5例,均为男性,年龄24～43岁。左侧1例,右侧4例,均为外髁闭合性骨折。无血管、神经损     

股骨髁锁定钢板结合重建锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折

2007年1月～2010年6月,我科采用切开复位股骨髁锁定钢板结合重建锁定钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折28例,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组28例,男20例,     

手术治疗股骨远端后髁冠状面骨折

目的探讨股骨远端后髁冠状面骨折的临床特点和治疗方法。方法对13例股骨远端后髁冠状面骨折患者采用切开复位螺钉内固定术治疗。结果 13例均获随访,时间12～28个月。骨折均愈合,时间4～10个月。关节活动度100°～125°。功能恢复按照Letenneur et al方法进行评价:优7例,良2例,可4例。结论对于股骨远端后髁冠状面骨折积极行手术治疗,有利于恢复股骨髁的解剖结构和关节面的完整性和平整性,有利于膝关节早期功能锻炼,避免关节僵硬。     

Hoffa骨折合并同侧髌骨脱位及踝关节骨折1例

患者,女,62岁,因下楼梯时摔倒后出现左下肢肿痛、活动受限6d入院.伤后曾到当地附近医院就诊,行膝关节CT示左股骨外侧髁骨折合并髌骨脱位(图1a,1b,1c,1d),后于另一医院就诊,予以髌骨脱位手法复位,患肢石膏固定后进一步踝关节X线检查发现左内、外踝骨折(图1e).为进一步治疗来我院就诊.患者既往体健.查体:双下肢...     

Unusual ankle fracture: A case report and literature review

Fractures of the talus are uncommon, and talar body fractures in the sagittal plane are still rarer. The aim of its treatment is urgent anatomic reduction to restore congruency of the ankle and to reduce the risk of avascular necrosis by preserving any remaining blood supply. We report the case of a body talar fracture in sagittal plane associated with fracture of the medial malleolus in a young adult; the mechanism of the fracture was plantar hyperflexion, internal rotation and axial compression. We perform an open reduction and stabilization with two screws for the talus and screw the medial malleolus. At 14 months following the injury patient had good range of movement with little pain. The mechanism is discussed along with a literature review.     

关节镜监护下髌骨骨折治疗效果与评价

目的：探索关节镜监护下髌骨骨折治疗效果及疗效评价。方法：从1999年11月～2002年11月共收治69例髌骨骨折，16例进行关节镜监护下微创手术治疗，16例中有12例顺利完成关节镜下微创手术，4例手术过程遇到困难改为开放手术。关节镜下手术内固定方法有4种：(1)克氏针 张力带钢丝8例；(2)螺丝钉 张力带钢丝1例；(3)螺丝钉固定1例；(4)抓髌器固定2例。结果：12例关节镜监护下手术平均住院日7d，无并发症；随访6个月～2．5年，平均10．5月，髌骨骨折全部骨性愈合，膝关节功能用Lysholm评分平均86．2(71～96)，伸屈活动范围完全恢复正常10例，比术前减少20*2例。大腿膝上10cm周长平均比健侧缩小0．6cm(0．4～1．0cm)。结论：关节镜监护下微创治疗髌骨骨折是一种良好治疗手段，减少手术创伤及感染机率，缩少住院时间，选择合适病例，争取关节镜下微创手术，将是未来发展方向。