δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性对职业铅接触工人血铅和锌原卟啉的影响

[目的 ]研究δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)基因多态性对职业铅接触工人血铅 (PbB)和锌原卟啉 (ZPP)的影响。 [方法 ]采集 170名上海市某蓄电池厂职业铅接触工人外周静脉血样 ,多聚酶链式反应 (PCR)和限制性内切酶 (MspⅠ )限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)方法进行ALAD基因分型分析 ,用PE 80 0型原子吸收分光光度计和ZPP 3 80 0型血液锌原卟啉测定仪分别测定PbB和ZPP含量 ,并分析其与基因型的关系。 [结果 ]①ALAD11纯合子基因型者有 15 4名 ,占90 5 9% ;ALAD12杂合子基因型者有 16名 ,占 9.41% ;未检出ALAD2 2纯合子基因型者 ;②ALAD1和ALAD2等位基因分布频率分别是 95 .2 9%和 4.71% ;③在同等外暴露条件下 ,ALAD12杂合子基因型组工人血铅水平 ( 1.0 4± 0 .48μmol/L)明显高于ALAD11纯合子基因型组工人血铅水平 ( 0 .78± 0 .3 4μmol/L) ,且差异有统计学意义 ;④ALAD12基因型工人锌原卟啉(ZPP)含量比ALAD11基因型者稍低 ,但差异没有统计学意义 ,前者为 ( 0 .42± 0 .2 4) μmol/L ,后者为 ( 0 .46± 0 .41) μmol/L。[结论 ]ALAD2等位基因频率与文献报道的亚洲人群的结果相近 ,符合Hardy Weinberg平衡 ,在同样职业铅暴露环境下 ,具有ALAD2等位基因的工人血铅水平增高 ,ALAD2等位基因可加重工人体内的铅     

中国维吾尔族和彝族人群δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性与铅遗传易感性的关系

目的　探讨我国维吾尔族、彝族人群δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)基因多态性与铅遗传易感性的关系。方法　采用多聚酶链式反应 (PCR)和限制性内切酶 (MspI)限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)方法分析 2 14名新疆维吾尔族人和 14 4名云南彝族人的ALAD基因多态性及等位基因分布 ;运用单因素和多因素分析探讨了维吾尔族和彝族人群ALAD基因多态性与血铅水平的相关关系 ,及影响血铅水平的因素。结果　维族人群ALAD1和ALAD2 等位基因分布频率分别是 0 .91和 0 .0 9;彝族人群ALAD1和ALAD2 等位基因频率分别是 0 .98和 0 .0 2。维族人群的血铅均值为 (76± 4 ) μg/L ,血铅≥10 0 μg/L的比例为 2 5 .7% ;彝族人群的血铅均值为 (5 0± 16 ) μg/L ,血铅≥ 10 0 μg/L的比例为 6 .3%。未见本研究人群ALAD等位基因的多态性与血铅水平有相关关系。结论　ALAD基因多态性对铅毒性影响的方式可能与机体铅的负荷量密切相关     

苏州市部分学龄前儿童血铅、镉及红细胞游离原卟啉水平

目的　了解苏州市区学龄前儿童体内血铅、血镉的水平 ,以确定当前暴露水平。方法　对苏州市区 2所幼儿园 1 2 0名学龄前儿童分别采用石墨炉原子吸收与荧光分光光度法测定末梢血血铅、镉及红细胞游离原卟啉 (FEP)含量。结果　 1 2 0名学龄前儿童体内血铅、镉及红细胞FEP均值的 95%可信限分别为 ( 0 .32± 0 .2 6 ) μmol/L ,5.6× 1 0 - 3 μmol/L(几何均数 ) ,( 0 .4 6± 0 .32 ) μmol/L ,整体水平在正常范围内 ,部分儿童的血铅超过 0 .4 83μmol/L。 结论　在当前的暴露水平下 ,仍有部分儿童存在触铅的可能     

ALAD和VDR基因多态性与铅肾毒性易感性的关系

[目的 ]探讨δ 氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶 (ALAD)和维生素D受体 (VDR)基因多态性与铅肾毒性的关系。 [方法 ]选择 2 16名职业铅接触工人。测定血铅 (BPb)、尿铅 (UPb)、尿ALA(UALA)、尿N 乙酰 β D 葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG)活性、尿白蛋白 (ALB)含量和尿肌酐。尿相关指标采用肌酐进行校正。利用限制性片段长度多态 (RFLP)技术进行基因型分析。 [结果 ]铅接触浓度≥ 0 0 3mg/m3 时 ,ALDA 11基因型和ALAD 12基因型工人的平均血铅水平分别是 2 0 6μmol/L和 2 45μmol/L(P >0 0 5 ) ,VDR BB/Bb基因型工人的平均血铅水平 (2 91μmol/L)高于VDR bb基因型工人的平均血铅水平 (2 0μmol/L) ,P <0 0 5。当血铅水平≥ 1 92 μmol/L时 ,ALAD 12基因型工人的NAG活性 (4 5 4U/mmolCr)明显高于ALAD 11基因型工人 (1 2 6U/mmolCr) ,P <0 0 5。ALDA 11基因型工人血铅与NAG活性不呈剂量 效应关系 ,而ALAD 12基因型工人的血铅与NAG活性呈剂量 效应关系 ,回归直线的斜率为 1 5 8(P <0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]本研究提示ALAD和VDR基因多态与血铅水平升高可能有关 ,ALAD 2等位基因可能加重铅肾毒性     

铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响

目的　了解铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响。方法　选择暴露于铅作业环境下的人群 ,了解工人作业工龄 ,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其作业环境中铅浓度 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人血铅 (PbB)浓度 ,用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)浓度 ,用放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素 (TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4 (FT4 ) 5项甲状腺功能指标。结果　血铅 >2 .88μmol/L时 ,T3[(1 .54± 0 .39)nmol/L]、FT3[(5 .50± 1 .2 6)pmol/L]含量明显低于血铅 (1 .92～ 2 .88) μmol/L组 [T3(1 .71± 0 .45)nmol/L、FT3(6 .1 2± 1 .64)pmol/L] ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)。铅作业工龄长短对甲状腺激素 (TH)含量未见明显影响。结论　高浓度血铅可能抑制了T4 的脱碘 ;铅作业工龄对甲状腺功能未见明显影响     

环境铅与幼儿体内铅水平及健康危害研究

目的　了解环境铅与幼儿体内铅水平及对幼儿体格发育的影响。方法　测定大气、食品、饮水等铅含量以及5 0 1例 3～ 6岁儿童发铅和血铅含量 ,并检查 2 6 4名儿童的体格发育情况。结果　计算获得市区幼儿每人每日摄入铅约 5 4 μg ,郊区约 4 5 μg ,市区和郊区幼儿发铅分别是 18 71± 8 8μg/g和 13 97± 8 0 μg/ g:血铅分别是 131 2± 72 1μg/L和 10 8 3± 6 8 1μg/L(1μg/L =0 0 0 4 83μmol/L) ;市区幼儿的发铅和血铅水平显著高于郊区 ,P <0 0 0 1;市区幼儿血铅≥ 10 0 μg/L者占 6 9 8% ,郊区占 4 0 1% ;以血铅 10 0 μg/L划线分组比较幼儿体格发育 ,各年龄段幼儿血铅 <10 0μg/L和≥ 10 0 μg/L组的身高、体重、胸围、头围和血色素含量无显著性差异。 结论　成都市环境铅污染严重 ,幼儿血铅水平及铅中毒流行率较高 ,应重视防治儿童铅中毒。     

ALAD基因多态性对男性铅作业工人性激素水平的影响

[目的]分析MAD基因多态性对男性铅作业工人性激素水平的影响。[方法]选择163名蓄电池厂和冶炼厂工人作为研究对象。原子吸收法测定血铅，ELISA法测定血清黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)水平。PCR-RFLP法进行基因型分析。[结果]ALADII基因型和ALAD12基因型工人的血铅水平分别是1．45μmol/L和1．56μmol/L，差异没有统计学意义。在控制年龄、工龄、血铅水平和累计铅接触量等因素后发现ALAD12基因型工人的LH和FSH水平分别是8．9IU／L和3．6IU／L，分别比ALAD11基因型工人高(LH=5．5IU／L，P=0．07；FSH=2．3IU／L，P=0．04)；两组人群的血清T水平没有差异。在血铅水平≥1.92μmol/L的工人中，ALAD12基因型工人的血清LH水平(7.8IU／L)高于AlAD11基因型工人(6．0IU／L)，差异有统计学意义(P=0．04)；FSH水平(3．5IU／L)和T水平(4．1nmol/L)也比ALAD11基因型工人(2．4IU／L和3．3nmol/L)高(P=0．07和P=0．08)。[结论]ALAD2等位基因与血清LH和FSH水平升高有关，推测其可能是铅生殖毒性的保护因素。     

基质γ-羧基谷氨酸蛋白和氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶基因多态性与儿童血铅的关系

[目的]探讨基质γ-羧基谷氨酸蛋白(MGP)和氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶(ALAD)基因多态性在儿童铅中毒发生过程中的作用。[方法]测定了345名6-12岁的中国汉族儿童的血铅水平;采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)分析MGP和ALAD基因的多态性。[结果]在ALAD基因未发生变异的情况下,MGP基因变异导致血铅水平降低;携带ALAD1-2、ALAD2-2或MGP TT基因型儿童的血铅水平(2．32μmol/L)高于携带ALAD1-1和MGP CT、MGP CC基因型儿童(2．18μmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P=0．0091)。[结论]MGP和ALAD基因多态性可影响儿童铅中毒的易感性,ALAD1-2、ALAD2-2或MGP TT基因型可能是儿童铅中毒的易感基因型。     

铅中毒儿童矿物质和微量元素的变化

【目的】　探讨儿童铅中毒对机体矿物质和微量元素的影响。　【方法】　选择来医院就诊的 10 2 0例 0～ 18岁患儿为研究对象。根据铅中毒诊断标准 ,将患儿分为铅中毒组和对照组。患儿血铅、血清钙、铁、铜、锌和镁的测定采用原子吸收方法。　【结果】　铅中毒组血清铜和锌水平 [( 17.17± 3 .61) μmol/L和 ( 14 .3 6± 2 .5 0 ) μmol/L]均显著低于对照组 [( 17.96± 2 .91) μmol/L和 ( 15 .2 7± 2 .3 6) μmol/L] (P <0 .0 0 1) ,并且铅与铜和锌均存在显著负相关关系。对各年龄组 ( <1岁、1～ 5岁、6～ 12岁、13～ 18岁 )的比较发现 ,铅中毒组 6岁以上患儿血清铜、锌水平均低于同年龄对照组 ,2～ 5岁患儿仅血清锌低于对照组 ;<1岁患儿的微量元素在两组之间无差异。　【结论】　铅中毒使儿童机体微量元素铜和锌水平降低 ,这有助于指导儿童铅中毒的防治工作     

0～6岁儿童骨密度与血清锌、铜、血铅关系的研究

【目的】　探讨 0～ 6岁儿童低骨密度与血清锌、铜、血铅的关系 ,为临床儿童低骨密度的预防提供依据。　【方法】　在本院儿保门诊 ,随机抽取己排除影响骨代谢性疾病的 0～ 6岁儿童 2 0 4名 ,用超声骨密度仪测胫骨中段骨密度 ,根据同年龄、同性别骨密度值的百分位数分成低骨密度组与正常对照组 ,同时测定血清锌、铜及全血铅。　【结果】　低骨密度组平均血清锌水平 ( 12 70 .5± 14 6.0 ) μmol/L低于对照组 ( 13 2 2 .1± 166.0 ) μmol/L ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ;锌缺乏患病率 ( 3 0 %)高于对照组 ( 18%) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;低骨密度组平均血清铜值 ( 14 98.6±2 16.8) μmol/L ,稍低于对照组 ( 15 3 4.4± 2 3 0 .6) μmol/L ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;两组铜缺乏患病率、血铅值、铅中毒患病率差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　 0～ 6岁儿童低骨密度的发生与锌缺乏有关 ,应加强儿童锌缺乏症的预防和治疗 ,以降低儿童低骨密度的发生。     

Interaction of blood lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype on markers of heme synthesis and sperm production in lead smelter workers.

The gene that encodes gamma-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) has a polymorphism that may modify lead toxicokinetics and ultimately influence individual susceptibility to lead poisoning. To evaluate the effect of the ALAD polymorphism on lead-mediated outcomes, a cross-sectional study of male employees from a lead-zinc smelter compared associations between blood lead concentration and markers of heme synthesis and semen quality with respect to ALAD genotype. Male employees were recruited via postal questionnaire to donate blood and urine for analysis of blood lead, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), urinary coproporphyrin (CPU), and ALAD genotype, and semen samples for semen analysis. Of the 134 workers who had ALAD genotypes completed, 114 (85%) were ALAD1-1 (ALAD1) and 20 (15%) were ALAD1-2 (ALAD2). The mean blood lead concentrations for ALAD1 and ALAD2 were 23.1 and 28.4 microg/dl (p = 0.08), respectively. ZPP/heme ratios were higher in ALAD1 workers (68.6 vs. 57.8 micromol/ml; p = 0.14), and the slope of the blood lead ZPP linear relationship was greater for ALAD1 (2.83 vs. 1.50, p = 0.06). No linear relationship between CPU and blood lead concentration was observed for either ALAD1 or ALAD2. The associations of blood lead concentration with ZPP, CPU, sperm count, and sperm concentration were more evident in workers with the ALAD1 genotype and blood lead concentrations >/= 40 microg/dl. The ALAD genetic polymorphism appears to modify the association between blood lead concentration and ZPP. However, consistent modification of effects were not found for CPU, sperm count, or sperm concentration.     

重度铅污染地区儿童铅中毒的分子流行病学研究

目的：研究高暴露于铅的条件下，δ－氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶（ALAD）和维生素D体（VDR）基因多态性对儿童铅中毒易感性的影响。方法：分析了469名严重铅暴露儿童ALAD和VDR基因多态性，血铅、锌原卟啉（ZPP）、头围、身高和体重等指标。结果：具有ALADS等位基因个体，血中ZPP水平高于不含该等位基因的个体（P＝0．017）；携带VDR B等位基因个体的头围大于仅携带b等位基因者（51.19cm和50.75cm）（P＝0．028）。结论：在高水平铅暴露儿童中，ALAD多态性可影响铅的血液毒性效应。VDR基因的遗传变异改变铅对儿童颅骨发育的作用程度。ALAD和VDR基因多态性是影响严重铅暴露条件下儿童铅中毒易感性的分子遗传学因素。     

Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase polymorphism and blood lead levels in Chinese children

This study investigated the relationship between the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) isozymes and the blood lead levels of Chinese children. The purpose of this study was to determine the precise ALAD genotyping in Chinese children and identify the contribution of the ALAD genotype to the body lead burden. Blood samples were obtained from 109 boys and 120 girls. These children were 6-10 years old and from a single primary school. Both the school and their homes were within a community in which a large smelter was located. An environmental questionnaire was obtained for each subject, and blood lead levels and ALAD isozyme phenotype were analyzed in a double-blinded fashion. The blood lead levels of 229 children ranged from 4.5 to 26.4 microg/dl; the mean was 10.3 microg/dl and the standard deviation was 3.3 microg/dl. The gene distribution of the ALAD isozyme phenotypes in these environmentally exposed children was ALAD 1-1 (92%), ALAD 1-2, (8%), and ALAD 2-2 (0%). The mean blood level of the environmentally exposed children, who were homozygous for the ALAD1 allele, was 9.7 microg/dl; the mean for those who were heterozygous for the ALAD2 allele was 11.7 microg/dl. Using the t test, the means of the groups were different at the level of t=2.2058, P<0.05. Step-wise regression and multiple analyses of covariance were employed to control the confounders to measuring the independent contribution of the ALAD genotype on blood lead levels. After controlling the confounders, the contribution of the ALAD genotype to the blood lead level was greater and still statistically significant (F=7.3201, P<0.01). These results indicate that individuals carrying the ALAD2 allele are more likely to have sustained increases in blood lead levels when exposed to a lead-contaminated environment.     

The protective effect of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 1-2 and 2-2 isozymes against blood lead with higher hematologic parameters

Previous studies have suggested that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) types 1-2 or 2-2 are protective against the toxicity of blood lead (PbB) when zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels are low because of differential binding of lead in erythrocytes. The hypothesis is that subjects with the ALAD 1-1 genotype are more susceptible to lead exposure with impaired hematologic synthesis and therefore that iron nutrition is more important in those with the ALAD 1-1 genotype. The purpose of this study was to prove the protective effect of ALAD 1-2/2-2 against PbB with higher hematologic parameters. Data on 1,219 male workers from eight lead-using factories in the Republic of Korea were examined in this cross-sectional study. Blood samples were evaluated for PbB, ZPP, hemoglobin (Hb), and serum iron (SFe) concentrations and ALAD genotypes. The overall prevalence of the ALAD 1-2/2-2 genotype was 9.3%, which was associated with lower log ZPP (p < 0.001) and higher Hb (p = 0.014) levels. For the subjects with normal iron status (SFe levels > 60 micro g/dL), those with the ALAD 1-1 genotype were more likely to be anemic (adjusted odds ratio of 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-22.6) than those with ALAD 1-2/2-2. The study confirms the protective effects of ALAD 1-2/2-2 polymorphisms against PbB on hematologic pathways. In order to promote health and to minimize the toxicity of lead exposure more effectively, the nutritional management of iron in Korean workers should take both their ALAD genotypes and occupational lead exposures into account.     

Effects of delta-aminolevulinic Acid dehydratase polymorphisms on susceptibility to lead in han subjects from southwestern china

This study is to determine the distribution of the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism among Han subjects of the Chinese population and to study whether the polymorphism in the ALAD gene modifies the toxicity of lead in lead-exposed workers. For this purpose we conducted a cross-sectional study on 156 Chinese workers who were exposed to lead in lead-acid battery and electric-flex manufacturing plants. The authors found that the allele frequencies of ALAD1 and ALAD2 were 0.9679 and 0.0321, respectively. Workers with the ALAD 1-1 genotype were associated with higher blood lead levels than those with the ALAD 1-2 genotype. Blood and urine lead levels were much higher in storage battery workers than in cable workers. The self-conscious symptom survey showed that the incidences of debilitation, amnesia and dreaminess were much higher in those had more than five years of tenure or contact with lead on the job within the ALAD 1-1 genotype subgroup. Laboratory examinations showed that serum iron and zinc levels in workers' with the ALAD 1-2 genotype were higher than those with the ALAD 1-1 genotype, especially in storage-battery workers. Correlation analysis indicated that the blood lead level negatively correlated with serum calcium, iron and zinc level. The data of this study suggest that the ALAD gene polymorphism and serum ion levels may modify the kinetics of lead in blood. Therefore, the authors recommend that an adequate intake of dietary calcium, iron, and zinc or the calcium, iron, and zinc supplementation should be prescribed to Chinese lead exposed workers.     

Relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in exhaust battery storage workers

Several researches has focused the hypothesis that low blood lead levels could be associated with an increased risk of hypertension. To assess the relation between occupational lead exposure and elevated blood pressure a group of 27 workers, age range from 27 to 62 years, mean (SD) 36.52 (+/- 8.16) yr; length of employment mean (DS) 2.97 (+/- 1.67) yr, were recruited as study subjects. The following variables were measured: blood lead concentration (BPb), delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) activity, Zinc Protoporphirin (ZPP), creatinine, hematocrit, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood (DBP) Pressure. The results showed that long term occupational exposure was related to a slight increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure among workers who had been exposed to higher level of lead with respect to workers exposed to lower level of lead. Furthermore, blood lead concentration (BPb) and ZPP resulted higher among workers exposed to higher level of ambient lead, while in the same group of workers ALAD activity resulted more inhibited. The authors concluded long term cumulative lead exposure can significantly increase blood pressure in low level Pb exposed workers.     

Lack of association of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype with cytogenetic damage in lead workers

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations of genetic polymorphism of genotypes -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), blood lead levels (BLLs), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and high SCE frequency cells (HFCs) in lead workers.Methods Three groups of lead workers were included in the study: high lead exposure group (26 workers), low lead exposure group (31 workers) and control group (30 controls who lived in an area uncontaminated by lead). Blood samples were taken from all subjects and analyzed for lead levels, ALAD genotype and SCE levels.Results Occupationally exposed workers had significantly higher BLLs, ZPP and hemoglobin levels than the controls. There were no differences among the three groups regarding percentages of ALAD 1-1 and ALAD 1-2 genotypes, but the ALAD 2-2 genotype was not detected in any of the three groups. There were no significant differences among the three groups for BLLs, ZPP and hemoglobin levels based on ALAD 1-1 and ALAD 1-2. Average SCE values in the high lead exposure group were significantly greater than those in the control group (6.2 vs 5.2 SCEs/cell, P<0.05). HFC analysis revealed a significantly higher HFC percentage (53.9%) in the high lead exposure group than in the low lead exposure group (16.1%) and the control group (10%). There appeared to be an interaction effect on HFC percentages between smoking and lead exposure. When multiple regression analysis was used, the factors that affected SCE levels were lead exposure and smoking, but ALAD genotypes did not have any significant effect.Conclusions A significant association existed between both SCE and HFC levels and lead exposure. However, different ALAD genotypes were not found to be associated with levels of blood lead and ZPP in the three groups.     

Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism: where does it lead? A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Lead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1 and ALAD2. OBJECTIVE: Our meta-analysis studied the effects of the ALAD polymorphism on a) blood and bone lead levels and b) indicators of target organ toxicity. DATA SOURCE: We included studies reporting one or more of the following by individuals with genotypes ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2/2-2: blood lead level (BLL), tibia or trabecular lead level, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), dimercaptosuccinic acid-chelatable lead, or blood pressure. DATA EXTRACTION: Sample sizes, means, and standard deviations were extracted for the genotype groups. DATA SYNTHESIS: There was a statistically significant association between ALAD2 carriers and higher BLL in lead-exposed workers (weighted mean differences of 1.93 microg/dL). There was no association with ALAD carrier status among environmentally exposed adults with BLLs < 10 microg/dL. ALAD2 carriers were potentially protected against adverse hemapoietic effects (ZPP and hemoglobin levels), perhaps because of decreased lead bioavailability to heme pathway enzymes. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the ALAD2 allele had higher BLLs than those who were ALAD1 homozygous and higher hemoglobin and lower ZPP, and the latter seems to be inversely related to BLL. Effects on other organs were not well delineated, partly because of the small number of subjects studied and potential modifications caused by other proteins in target tissues or by other polymorphic genes.     

Conners量表在儿童铅暴露与行为效应研究中的应用

目的 寻找反映个体长期铅暴露水平的指标及特异的行为效应指标。方法 选取铅工业污染区１￣４年级学生９８名为暴露组,非污染区学生１００名为对照组,测定血铅,发铅,锌卟啉以评估铅暴露水平,采用高效液相色谱法－电化学法联检测定尿中高香草酸和香草扁桃酸的浓度,采用Ｃｏｎｎｅｒｓ量表评定铅暴露儿童的行为效应。结果 暴露组血铅,发铅和锌卟啉水平增高,分别平均为２．３９￣２．４２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,８１．８１￣８３．７     

Association between aminolevulinate dehydrogenase genotype and blood lead levels in Taiwan

This study was designed to evaluate the association between the aminolevulinate dehydrogenase (ALAD) genotype and blood lead levels in a general population environmentally exposed to lead. This study population of 660 subjects was secondarily sampled from the 3000 random samples of Taiwanese general population to study the distribution of blood lead levels in the Taiwanese population. A simple assay based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine the genotype of the ALAD gene. This study found that most of the Taiwanese population was ALAD 1-1 (95.4%). Only 4.6% (30 subjects) of population were found to be 1-2 or 2-2. It has been hypothesized that the ALAD2 allele is associated with increased absorption of lead. This study found that individuals with ALAD2 alleles had 20% higher blood lead levels than persons with ALAD1 alleles (7.83 +/- 5.95 vs 6.51 +/- 5.03 micrograms/dL). However, the difference was not statistically significant, even after adjustment for other risk factors of environmental exposure. The result supports the previous finding that individuals with ALAD2 allele had higher blood lead levels. The small sample size and large amount of variation in our study may account for the insignificant association.