腹腔镜胆囊切除术后结核性腹壁窦道1例

患者　女 ,44岁。因腹腔镜胆囊切除术后右侧腹壁切口迁延不愈4个月入院。 4个月前患者因胆囊结石在外院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,术后右上腹肋缘下小切口迁延不愈 ,形成一窦道 ,有少许脓性分泌物不断流出。 2个月前又在该院行右上腹壁窦道切除术 ,术后 2 0ｄ切口裂开 ,迁延不愈 ,形成窦道 ,有少许脓性分泌物流出 ,无其他不适。体查 :一般情况良好 ,心肺无异常。右上腹肋缘下可见一个直径 1 0ｃｍ的窦道口 ,窦道深约 3 0ｃｍ ,斜向内侧走行 ,有少许脓性分泌物。剑突下至脐上可见 3个 1 0ｃｍ长的切口疤痕 ,腹部未发现其他异常。白细胞 4 9× 10 9…     

乙状结肠巨大粪石一例

患者 :男性 ,37岁。左下腹隐痛 3个月伴大便干结不畅入院。 3个月来自觉左下腹部隐痛 ,无规律性 ,大便每日 1次 ,排出大便极干燥 ,小球状 ,平时未予诊治。既往有血吸虫病史多年。腹部检作者单位 :43 2 3 0 1　湖北省汉川市第二人民医院外科查 :下腹略隆起 ,肝脾未触及 ,无压痛及反跳痛 ,左下腹部可触及约 15ｃｍ× 10ｃｍ质硬包块 ,边界清楚 ,活动度不大 ,压痛不明显 ,肛诊可触及腹腔包块。Ｂ型超声发现左下腹一 13ｃｍ× 10ｃｍ条状强大回声包块 ,余均正常。入院前曾在他院作纤维结肠镜检查 ,因肠镜不能通过降结肠而终止检查。术中见 :横结…     

甲状腺浆细胞瘤1例

患者　男 ,5 8岁。因发现颈部肿块逐渐增大 ,伴气管压迫感 1个月 ,于 1995年 9月 18日入院。既往体健。体查 :颈软 ,颈前区左、右侧各扪及一 4ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ ,3ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ大小肿块 ,随吞咽上下活动 ,肿块形态不规则 ,质稍硬 ,轻压痛 ,表面有多个结节感 ,末闻及血管杂音 ,气管向左侧移位。血红蛋白 10 4ｇ/Ｌ ,白细胞 12 0× 10 9/Ｌ ,中性粒细胞 0 8,淋巴细胞 0 2。Ｔ3,Ｔ4 低于正常。Ｂ超检查 :双侧甲状腺明显肿大 ,内有大小不等的低回声结节 ,形态不规则 ,表面不光滑 ,内部光点粗 ,分布不均匀。间接喉镜检查双侧声带活动良好。诊断为…     

内镜配合手术治疗黑斑息肉病一例

患者女 ,3 0岁。因间断性腹部胀痛 ,便中带血 8年入院。患者于 15年前曾因肠套叠行肠切除术。查体 :口唇及口腔粘膜可见黑斑 ,双手、双足可见对称性黑斑 ,腹部可见手术疤痕。行纤维结肠镜检查示 :结肠多发息肉。入院后行结肠息肉电切术 ,将结肠肝曲以外结肠息肉 12块予以切除 ,结肠肝曲可见息肉 4ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ× 3ｃｍ大无法电切 ,3ｄ后于硬膜外麻醉下行右半结肠切除术 ,切除肠段内有息肉 4ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ× 3ｃｍ～ 1ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ共 6块 ,于回肠断端伸入结肠镜 ,共切除 2ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ～ 1ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ息肉 15块 ,检…     

术前介入化疗后胃癌穿孔1例

患者　男 ,5 0岁。反复呕血 ,黑便3个月 ,再发 1ｄ入院。体查 :体重5 2ｋｇ ,慢性贫血貌 ,腹部检查未发现异常。胃镜检查见 :窦体交界处有粘膜糜烂 ,胃腔变形。活检示低分化腺癌。于 2月 2 4日经腹腔动脉介入化疗 ,方案为 :5 Ｆｕ 1 0ｇ ,表阿霉素 6 0ｍｇ ,丝裂霉素 10ｍｇ ,腹腔动脉注射。 2 6日清晨 ,患者突然出现剧裂腹痛 ,恶心、呕吐。体查是板状腹 ,满腹压痛及反跳痛 ,腹平片膈下有游离气体。急诊手术见肿块位于小弯侧 ,直径 10ｃｍ ,浆膜　　 收稿日期 :1999 0 4 0 5　　 作者简介 :万冬强 (1970 ) ,男 ,江西九江人 ,九江市庐山区…     

以血尿为首发症状的阑尾腺癌1例

患者　女 ,30岁。因无痛性肉眼血尿半年入院。既往无右下腹痛病史。体查 :轻度贫血貌 ,心、肺、腹检查无异常发现。白细胞 8 7×10 9/Ｌ ,中性粒细胞 0 74,血红蛋白110ｇ/Ｌ。尿常规 :红细胞 10～ 15 /ＨＰ ,白细胞 8～ 12 /ＨＰ ,大便隐血( )。Ｂ超检查发现膀胱壁右侧有一 30ｍｍ× 36ｍｍ的椭圆形肿块 ,边缘欠光滑。静脉肾盂造影示膀胱腔右侧有一 3ｃｍ× 3 5ｃｍ大小的充盈缺损。膀胱镜检查发现右侧膀胱壁上有一 3ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ的新生物 ,突入膀胱腔 ,取少许组织行病理检查示乳头状腺癌 ,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。诊断 :膀胱腺癌。术中见膀胱右侧壁上有…     

白线Richter疝误诊1例

患者　女 ,61岁。 3年前无意发现上腹壁正中有一肿块 ,大小无明显变化。因肿块增大 ,持续性疼痛 ,伴恶心、呕吐 1ｄ入院。体查 :体温 37 5℃ ,脉搏 82次 /ｍｉｎ ,血压1 61 /90ｍｍＨｇ。脐上白线处触及 3ｃｍ×3ｃｍ包块 ,质软 ,轻度压痛。腹部无压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张、肠鸣音正常。白细胞 1 4 4× 1 0 9/Ｌ ,中性粒细胞 0 82。腹部平片 :未见液平面及膈下游离气体。入院诊断 :上腹壁脂肪瘤并感染。经抗生素治疗 2ｄ ,肿块处疼痛逐渐加重 ,且局部皮肤红肿 ,明显压痛。术前诊断 :白线疝嵌顿 ,即行手术治疗。术中见 :腹白线有一 1 5ｃｍ缺…     

阴囊曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴虫病一例报告

患者 ,男 ,4 6岁 ,林业公安人员 ,常涮食蛇肉。因阴囊壁渐大性肿物 1个月于 2 0 0 1年 3月 9日入院。患者入院前 1个月无意中触及阴囊壁一约 0 .5ｃｍ×0 .7ｃｍ无痛性肿物 ,当时未予重视。近1个月肿物迅速增大至 4 .0ｃｍ× 4 .0ｃｍ× 3.0ｃｍ ,伴患处皮肤瘙痒 ,不伴疼痛、发     

盲肠、肺、肝多原发癌一例

患者　男 ,6 2岁。因上腹部不适 8个月并发现上腹部包块 ,消瘦 3个月入我院。入院后查体 :一般情况好 ,心肺未见异常 ,右下腹可扪及包块 ,大约 8ｃｍ×8ｃｍ ,可移动 ,无压痛 ,边界清楚。钡灌肠造影检查显示 :盲肠部粘膜破坏及充盈缺损 ,大便潜血 (++)。入院诊断 :(1)盲肠占位性病变性质待查 ;(2 )盲肠癌待定。于入院后第 7天在连续硬膜外麻醉下行剖腹探查术 ,术中检查 ,盲肠部可见肿瘤 ,大约 6 5ｃｍ× 5 5ｃｍ× 5 0ｃｍ ,形状不规则 ,未侵犯浆膜 ,肿瘤相对肠系膜处发现 3 0ｃｍ× 2 5ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ肿大淋巴结 1枚 ,腹腔其余脏器未发现…     

胆囊十二指肠横结肠瘘误诊为肝脓肿1例

患者　女 ,5 6岁。右上腹部胀痛伴间歇发热 1个月余入院 ,无黄疸。半年前曾以相同症状在外院诊断为“右肝脓肿”保守治疗 2个月 ,出院复查ＣＴ脓肿消失。有“结石性胆囊炎”病史 3年。体查 :体温38 1℃ ,血压 110 6 0ｍｍＨｇ。右上腹肋缘下可扪及一约 6ｃｍ× 8ｃｍ包块 ,质硬 ,压痛 ,肝区叩痛 ( ) ,移动性浊音 (- )。白细胞 12 6×10 9 Ｌ ,中性粒细胞 0 82。Ｂ超示胆　　 收稿日期 :2 0 0 0 10 2 9。　　 作者简介 :付强 ( 1966 ) ,男 ,山东平度人 ,贵州省水城矿务局总医院主治医师 ,主要从事肝胆外科工作。囊 5ｃｍ× 2 5ｃｍ大小…     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.