单侧椎弓根螺钉置入并椎间融合对邻近椎间盘节段退变的影响

背景:坚强内固定和良好融合存在严重缺陷和不足。目前还未见临床应用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病对邻近节段退变影响的相关报道。目的:回顾分析单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病后对固定融合邻近上下节段退变的影响。方法:2006-03/2009-12对收治的部分腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎失稳及腰椎间盘脱出症患者22例,进行了单侧椎弓根螺钉固定加椎间cage植骨融合,术中不显露对侧。在固定融合后3,6,12,20个月及取出内固定钉棒后3,6个月,随访X射线片及MRI。针对X射线片运用角平分线法测量固定融合邻近上位椎间隙高度变化,MRI测量椎间盘髓核退变情况。结果与结论:所有病例获得随访,患者椎管狭窄症状及神经根性症状消失,并且在随访期间内没有新的临床症状出现。固定融合前、固定融合后3,6,12,20个月邻近节段上位椎间隙高度分别为(7.420±0.0354),(7.4266±0.0369),(7.4533±0.0369),(7.5166±0.0369),(7.4308±0.0369)mm,结果表明,腰椎单侧固定融合后邻近节段椎间隙高度无明显变化(P>0.05)。MRI测量结果显示,固定融合邻近上位椎间盘髓核信号在T2加权像无明显退变。提示单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病能有效预防固定融合邻近上下节段退变。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉置入并椎间融合对邻近椎间盘节段退变的影晌

背景：坚强内固定和良好融合存在严重缺陷和不足。目前还未见临床应用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病对邻近节段退变影响的相关报道。目的：回顾分析单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病后对固定融合邻近上下节段退变的影响。方法：2006-03／2009-12对收治的部分腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎失稳及腰椎间盘脱出症患者22例,进行了单侧椎弓根螺钉固定加椎间cage植骨融合,术中不显露对侧。在固定融合后3,6,12,20个月及取出内固定钉棒后3,6个月,随访X射线片及MRI。针对X射线片运用角平分线法测量固定融合邻近上位椎间隙高度变化,MRI测量椎间盘髓核退变情况。结果与结论：所有病例获得随访,患者椎管狭窄症状及神经根性症状消失,并且在随访期间内没有新的临床症状出现。固定融合前、固定融合后3,6,12,20个月邻近节段上位椎间隙高度分别为（7.420±0.0354）,（7.4266±0.0369）,（7.4533±0.0369）,（7.5166±0.0369）,（7.4308±0.0369）mm,结果表明,腰椎单侧固定融合后邻近节段椎间隙高度无明显变化（P〉0.05）。MRI测量结果显示,固定融合邻近上位椎间盘髓核信号在T2加权像无明显退变。提示单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病能有效预防崮定融合邻近上下节段退变。     

腰椎融合内固定对邻近节段退变的影响

背景：随着脊柱手术方法的成熟及内固定器械的发展,脊柱内固定融合术已成为许多脊柱疾患的主要治疗方法,但远期出现的邻近节段退变的问题也越来越突出。目的：回顾分析脊柱内固定后邻近节段发生退变的相关因素,有助于改善脊柱内固定的方法,减少远期并发症。方法：分别应用计算机检索维普、Pubmed数据库2005年1月至2012年12月关于脊柱融合内固定后邻近节段退行性变的文章,检索词分别设定为“脊柱融合内固定、邻近节段退变、单侧cage椎间融合固定”和“Adjacent segment degeneration、spine fusion、unilateral single cage”。筛选资料,选取脊柱融合后邻近节段退变的文献,筛除非随机试验的研究,将随机对照试验作为纳入标准,排除重复性研究文献。主要从术式、融合方式及邻近节段破坏等方面讨论脊柱融合后邻近节段退变的影响因素。结果与结论：筛选得到27篇符合纳入标准文献,从中得出融合节段数目、方式、部位及手术时对邻近节段小关节破坏是引起邻近节段退变的主要影响因素。人工椎间盘置换、单侧cage椎间隙植骨内固定在预防、延缓邻近节段退变上有一定作用。在决定融合固定术前,应综合考虑内固定材料、手术方式可能带来的影响,避免或降低邻近节段退变的发生。     

下腰椎单节段TFC椎间融合术后影像学改变

目的：了解下腰椎单节段Ray-TFC不附加内固定治疗腰椎间盘病变及腰椎不稳症术后影像学改变。方法：以我院应用Ray-TFC不附加内固定治疗腰椎间盘病变及腰椎不稳症，术后随访超过两年的50例患为研究对象，取上述50例患前，术后两周、术后两年侧位X线片，分别测量病变节段前凸角度，椎间隙中央高度，观察椎间融合情况，融合器位置变化，相邻椎间隙退变情况，并对上述结果进行分析。结果：本组均为单节段椎间隔合，腰4－5节段病变39例，腰5骶1节段病变11例，术前病变节段前凸角度平均16．4度，术后两周15．9度，术后两年15．2度。47例（94％）前凸角度的变化小于3度，术前病变节段椎间隙中央高度平均7.6mm，术后两周10.1mm，平均撑开高度2.5mm。术后两年椎间高度平均9.3mm，丢失小于1mm。TFC植入深度。TFC后缘距椎后缘平均3.2mm。术后两年X片见到直接骨融合征象14例，临床骨融合征象34例，TFC周边见到透亮区1例，TFC位置变化3例，其中2例侧位片动力位像稳定。椎间融合成功率96％，病变节段上位椎间隙退变加速2例。结论：（1）下腰椎单节段植入一对Ray-TFC对腰椎生理前凸无明显影响。（2）TFC植入对撑开病变间隙和维持术后椎间高度有重要意义，平均撑开高度2.5mm，术后两年高度丢失小于1mm.(3)术后两年TFC单节段椎间隔合率为96％。（4）TFC植入深度以距椎体后缘大于3mm为宜。（5）椎间融合成功后，短期内对上、下节段的退变影响不大，还需进一步随访观察。     

单双侧椎弓根螺钉椎体问融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效比较

目的 比较单、双侧椎弓根螺钉椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效.方法 2006年10月至2010年10月采用后路椎体间融合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗资料完整的60例腰椎退行性疾病患者,根据固定方式分为A、B两组.A组应用单侧椎弓根螺钉椎体间融合术治疗28例,男16例,女12例;年龄40～56岁,平均48岁.术前诊断:腰椎椎间盘脱出4例,腰椎椎间盘术后复发6例,腰椎管狭窄症6例,腰椎退行性不稳8例,退行性腰椎滑脱症4例.B组应用双侧椎弓根螺钉椎体间融合术治疗32例,男18例,女14例;年龄42～67岁,平均52岁.术前诊断:腰椎椎间盘脱出5例,腰椎椎间盘术后复发6例,腰椎管狭窄症7例,腰椎退行性不稳6例,退行性腰椎滑脱症8例.使用ODI评分、VSA视觉模拟评分对两组患者术前评分及术后评分,并比较两组的手术时间、失血量、融合率、医疗费用、手术优良率、并发症发生率等情况.结果 两组患者ODI评分、VSA视觉模拟评分术前与术后3个月、6个月比较差异有统计学意义(PO 05),两组融合率分别为92%、94%.结论 单、双侧椎弓根螺钉椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床疗效均满意,单侧椎弓根螺钉椎体间融合术创伤小,经济简便,是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的较好选择;但应严格掌握手术适应证,长期疗效尚需进一步临床研究.     

影像学评价腰椎不稳症：解剖与功能的定性与定位

背景：脊柱不稳经常被提及,但是很少有确切的定义,由于缺乏规整的临床经验或放射学准则的效果评价,所以仍然是一个有争议的概念。目的：对腰椎不稳症（尤其是退行性腰椎不稳症）的定义及诊断腰椎不稳症的影像学方法作一综述。方法：以＂lumbar instability,traction spurs,ligament,disc space narrowing＂等关键词在slide share、medlind和NCBI数据库筛选近30年的文献资料,语言种类为英文,最终纳入文章49篇。结果与结论：腰椎不稳症一方面可能是引起下腰痛和坐骨神经痛的病因,另一方面也常常被认为是决定脊柱融合和减压的一个重要条件。因其临床症状和体征无特异性,所以对此病的有效诊断和治疗也存在争议。功能性正侧位平片是腰椎不稳症影像学诊断使用最广泛最全面的一种方法。CT提供了更准确的脊柱退行性变和椎间关节方向的图像。磁共振通常被认为是诊断退行性脊椎改变最精确的成像方法,除了真空现象,常被用来诊断患者的慢性下腰痛。     

椎间融合术联合椎弓根螺钉单、双边固定治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果

目的比较椎间融合术联合椎弓根螺钉单、双边固定治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法根据内固定方式的不同将我院收治的88例腰椎间盘突出症患者分为单边组(44例,单侧固定)与双边组(44例,双侧固定),比较两组的治疗效果。结果单边组的术中出血量及透视次数少于双边组,住院费用低于双边组(P<0.05);两组术后并发症总发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后,两组PGE2及5-HT水平均降低,且单边组低于双边组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组患者脊柱融合率均为100.00%;术后,两组Prolo评分均高于术前(P<0.05);术后1年,单边组关节退变率低于双边组(P<0.05)。结论单边固定术能够减轻腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疼痛程度,经济费用较少,相邻关节退变率较低,但要注意把握手术的适应证。     

单侧椎弓根钉固定结合椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症

背景：脊柱双侧内固定广泛应用于治疗腰椎退行性疾病,但长期随访发现坚强内固定形成的应力遮挡效应会导致融合椎体的骨量丢失以及临近椎体退变加速。目的：观察单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：2006-01/2010-01江苏大学附属武进医院对45例一侧肢体为主要症状的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行经椎间孔后路椎间融合单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定。结果与结论：45例患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。全部切口均一期愈合,未发生切口感染。JOA评分和目测类比疼痛评分两项指标均有显著改善,固定后及末次随访与固前相比,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。45例患者中优36例,良5例,可4例,优良率为91%。6个月后X射线及CT提示椎间融合,椎间融合器无移位,无沉降,内固定无松动、断裂。提示单侧神经减压椎间融合和单侧椎弓根螺钉固定是可行的脊柱外科技术,治疗腰椎间盘突出症可获得满意的临床效果。     

Removal of fixation construct could mitigate adjacent segment stress after lumbosacral fusion: A finite element analysis

Background dataCombined usage of posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transpedicular fixation has been extensively used to treat the various lumbar degenerative disc diseases. The transpedicular fixator aims to increase stability and enhance the fusion rate. However, how the fused disc and bridged vertebrae respectively affect adjacent-segment diseases progression is not yet clear.MethodsUsing a validated lumbosacral finite-element model, three variations at the L4–L5 segment were analyzed: 1) moderate disc degeneration, 2) instrumented with a stand-alone cage and pedicle screw fixators, and 3) with the cage only after fusion. The intersegmental angles, disc stresses, and facet loads were examined. Four motion tests, flexion, extension, bending, and twisting, were also simulated.FindingsThe adjacent-segment disease was more severe at the cephalic segment than the caudal segment. After solid fusion and fixation, the increase in intersegmental angles, disc stresses and facet loads of the adjacent segments were about 57.6%, 47.3%, and 59.6%, respectively. However, these changes were reduced to 30.1%, 22.7%, and 27.0% after removal of the fixators. This was attributed to the differences between the biomechanical characteristics of the fusion and fixation mechanisms.InterpretationFixation superimposes a stiffer constraint on the mobility of the bridged segment than fusion. The current study suggested that the removal of spinal fixators after complete fusion could decrease the stress at adjacent segments. Through a minimally invasive procedure, we could reduce secondary damage to the paraspinal structures while removing the fixators, which is of utmost concern to surgeons.     

Lumbar stability following graded unilateral and bilateral facetectomy: A finite element model study

BackgroundExcision of excessive amount of facet joint during lumbar discectomy or decompression can cause segmental instability of the lumbar spine. This study was performed to assess the segmental instability, facet joint loading and intradiscal pressure following graded lumbar facetectomy. This biomechanical study was performed using a verified and validated L3-S1 finite element model.MethodsNine scenarios were analysed. Intact model as control, 30%, 45%, 60% and complete facet joint excision in unilateral and bilateral setting. The effect of progressive graded facetectomy of L4-L5 on the segmental mobility, facet loading and intradiscal pressure was assessed.FindingsIn comparison with control 30% excision of the facet joint mainly caused increase in mediolateral mobility. With 45% excision of the facet joint there was increase in both anteroposterior and mediolateral mobility, this was worse in bilateral and unilateral models respectively. This worsened with larger facet excision scenarios. Facet load increased significantly on extension with excision of 45% & 60% unilaterally and 100% bilaterally. Flexion produced rise in intradiscal pressure in all scenarios.InterpretationThe increased spinal mobility, facet loading and intradiscal pressure with more than 30% facetectomy highlights the importance of preserving the facets during decompression thereby safeguarding accelerated degeneration of these segments and iatrogenic segmental instability. The findings from this study could also potentially explain the correlation between spinal instability, disc degeneration and facet joint arthrosis as noted in clinical studies.     

Comparison of effects of four interbody fusion approaches on the fused and adjacent segments under vibration

BackgroundWhich lumbar fusion approaches having fewer impacts on the lumbar spine, reducing the risk of complications and the most conducive to bone fusion under whole-body vibration is urgent to know.ObjectivesThis study researched the best approach under vibration by comparing the effects of four different approaches on the spine, especially regarding some significant indexes related to complications and outcomes.MethodsThe L1-L5 finite element model was modified to simulate anterior, posterior, trans-foraminal and direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion approaches with bilateral pedicle screw fixation at L4-L5 level.FindingsAnterior lumbar interbody fusion decreased the corresponding vibration amplitude of the dynamic response at adjacent segments compared with the other three approaches. Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion decreased the maximum stress in the cage, the endplates at the fused level, and the maximum compressive stress at the interface between the cage and endplates. The maximum disc height and segmental lordosis of Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion model were the highest among these fusion approaches.InterpretationAnterior lumbar interbody fusion may provide a more stable environment for the adjacent segments under vibration. Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion may reduce the risk of subsidence, cage failure, and adjacent segment disease. Direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion may provide a more stable and suitable environment for vertebral cell growth and lead to better fusion outcomes. The findings may help us understand the effect of various fusion approaches on lumbar and provide some references for choosing a fusion approach.     

显著椎间盘退变的脊髓型颈椎病的方式选择

目的：探讨椎间盘显著退变与脊髓型颈椎病节段性不稳的关系及其对手术方式选择的意义。方法：回顾性分析42例椎间盘显著退变的脊髓型颈椎病的术前动态X片和MRI，了解颈椎不稳和脊髓压迫的相关因素，随访观察前路和后路手术的治疗效果。结果：显著退变椎间盘的上方相邻椎体不稳率71.4％，明显狭窄椎间隙及上方相邻椎间隙处常存在明显的脊髓压迫。前路减压植骨融合固定术或后路双开门椎板成形术的神经功能恢复率分别为60．8％和57．1％，优良率分别为88．5％和81．3％。结论：显著退变椎间盘的上方相邻椎体有失稳倾向，脊髓压迫存在静态和动态压迫因素，手术应采用前路多节段减压融合固定或后路椎板扩大成形术。     

Clinical algorithm for preventing missed diagnoses of occult cervical spine instability after acute trauma: A case report

BACKGROUNDMissed or delayed diagnosis of cervical spine instability after acute trauma can have catastrophic consequences for the patient, resulting in severe neurological impairment. Currently, however, there is no consensus on the optimal strategy for diagnosing occult cervical spine instability. Thus, we present a case of occult cervical spine instability and provide a clinical algorithm to aid physicians in diagnosing occult instability of the cervical spine.CASE SUMMARYA 57-year-old man presented with cervical spine pain and inability to stand following a serious fall from a height of 2 m. No obvious vertebral fracture or dislocation was found at the time on standard lateral X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subsequently, the initial surgical plan was unilateral open-door laminoplasty (C3-7) with alternative levels of centerpiece mini-plate fixation (C3, 5, and 7). However, the intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopic X-rays revealed significantly increased intervertebral space at C5-6, indicating instability at this level that was previously unrecognized on preoperative imaging. We finally performed lateral mass fixation and fusion at the C5-6 level. Looking back at the preoperative images, we found that the preoperative T2 MRI showed non-obvious high signal intensity at the C5-6 intervertebral disc and posterior interspinous ligament.CONCLUSIONMRI of cervical spine trauma patients should be carefully reviewed to detect disco-ligamentous injury, which will lead to further cervical spine instability. In patients with highly suspected cervical spine instability indicated on MRI, lateral X-ray under traction or after anesthesia and muscle relaxation needs to be performed to avoid missed diagnoses of occult cervical instability.     

腰椎间孔入路腰椎体间植骨融合结合椎弓根螺钉置入内固定:能提高退行性病变腰椎的稳定性与植骨融合率吗?

背景:腰椎融合已广泛应用于治疗各种腰椎退行性疾病,然而传统的经后方或后外侧入路融合率较低,并发症较多,影响相邻脊柱节段的稳定性,破坏了脊柱的机械载荷分布.目的:探讨经腰椎间孔入路行腰椎体间植骨融合结合椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床效果.方法:68例腰椎退行性疾病患者行腰椎间孔入路腰椎体间植骨融合结合短节段椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,其中峡部裂型腰椎滑脱24例、退变性腰椎滑脱16例、退变性腰椎管狭窄18例和退变性腰椎间盘疾病10例.结果与结论:所有患者无神经损伤、椎间隙感染和脑脊液漏等并发症,一期愈合.均获得随访,平均随访29个月(10-60个月).所有病例未发生内置物断裂、松动移位和椎间隙高度丧失等并发症,骨融合率为91%.依据日本JOA疗效评定标准,优35例,良26例,可5例,差2例,总优良率为90%.结果说明基于椎弓根置入内固定的椎间孔入路腰椎体间植骨融合可有效治疗腰椎退行性疾病,近期随访结果满意.     

不同节段椎弓根钉置入脊椎内固定治疗腰椎滑脱

背景：对椎弓峡部裂腰椎滑脱、退行性腰椎滑脱的治疗,到底是采用短节段固定还是长节段固定争论很多。目的：观察短节段或长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法：腰椎滑脱患者146例,男36例,女110例,年龄22～73岁,平均53岁,病程1～18年,平均5年。采用腰椎管扩大开窗减压或全椎板切除减压、短节段或长节段椎弓根螺钉复位内固定、横突间或椎体间植骨融合。结果与结论：146例患者中采用短节段4枚椎弓根螺钉固定72例,长节段6枚椎弓根螺钉固定74例。椎间植骨101例,横突间植骨45例。术后随访134例,随访时间1.5～14年,按Steffee临床疗效分级标准,优74例,良41例,中13例,差6例,优良率85.8%。完全复位77例,其中短节段固定32例,长节段固定45例;部分复位69例,其中短节段固定40例,长节段固定29例。短节段固定者有8例13枚椎弓根螺钉发生断裂,而长节段固定者未发生椎弓根螺钉断裂。分析患者腰椎滑脱的类型、程度、病程长短、是否合并相邻节段椎间盘退变、不稳等情况,是选择用短节段还是用长节段置入固定的依据。     

In vivo relationships between lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc composition and diurnal deformation

BackgroundSpinal motion is facilitated by a “three joint complex”, two facet joints and one intervertebral disc at each spinal level. Both the intervertebral discs and facet joints are subject to natural age-related degeneration, and while these processes may be linked it is not clear how. As instability in the disc could underlie facet arthritis, we evaluated the hypothesis that the discs and facet joints are mechanically coupled.MethodsWe recruited young, asymptomatic volunteers (n = 10; age: mean 25, range 21–30 years; BMI: mean 23.1, range 19.1–29.0 kg/m²) and applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) modeling to measure facet and disc composition (MRI T1rho relaxation time) and facet and disc function (diurnal changes in facet space width, disc height) in the lumbar spine.FindingsWe found that facet space width was positively associated with facet T1rho relaxation time (fluid content) and negatively associated with disc T1rho, and that facets adjacent to degenerated discs were significantly thicker and had significantly higher T1rho. Furthermore, the diurnal change in wedge angle was positively associated the diurnal change in facet space width, while disc degeneration, the diurnal change in disc height, and facet T1rho were not.InterpretationThese data demonstrate an interdependence between disc and facet health, but not between disc and facet mechanical function. Furthermore, the weak relationship between facet cartilage composition and in vivo function suggests that other factors, like spinal curvature, determine in vivo spine mechanics. Future work in symptomatic or aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.     

单侧腰椎弓根螺钉及经椎板关节突螺钉固定与双侧固定的比较

背景：经椎板关节突关节螺钉固定、椎问植骨融合治疗脊柱疾患是一种独特的固定方法,可用于退变性腰椎的融合。目的：比较采用微创经腰椎间孔椎体融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉及经椎板关节突螺钉固定与常规开放后路腰椎体间融合术联合双侧椎弓根螺钉固定治疗下腰痛疾病的临床效果。方法：纳入2010年6月至2012年6月于武警广东总队医院就诊的腰椎间盘突出伴腰椎轻度不稳患者49例,均采用后路减压椎间融合器植骨内固定治疗。其中24例采用微创经椎间孔椎体融合术联合单侧椎弓根螺钉及经椎板关节突螺钉固定,25例采用常规开放后路腰椎体间融合术联合双侧椎弓根螺钉固定,比较两种固定方法的临床疗效。结果与结论：两种固定方法术后椎体融合率、日本矫形外科协会评分及疼痛目测类比评分改善率差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。可见对无严重不稳的单节段退变性腰椎疾病患者,两种治疗方法的效果相当,均能有效提高椎间融合率,使小关节稳定,解除临床症状,门诊随访满意。但采用微创经椎间孔椎体融合术联合单侧椎弓根螺钉及经椎板关节突螺钉固定的患者手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口引流液量明显减少（P〈0．05）,说明该方法具有创伤小、操作简单的优势。     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定与单纯椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的比较

背景:随着脊柱内固定和脊柱融合技术的发展,脊柱融合已成为腰椎退行性滑脱症毫无争议的"金标准"。同时,邻近节段退行性变的问题引起人们越来越多的关注。目的:观察椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效、手术节段稳定性及其对相邻节段的影响,并与单纯椎管加压进行对比。方法:选择天津医科大学总医院骨科收治的退行性腰椎滑脱患者38例,排除失访3例,余35例中采用椎弓根固定后外侧融合21例,单纯椎管减压14例。单纯椎管加压组用咬骨钳咬除黄韧带和椎板解除神经根后方的压迫,用骨凿凿除向前滑脱的椎体后缘与下位相邻椎体后缘形成的相对性突起;椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组按Wein-stein法定位椎弓根钉进针,拧入椎弓根螺钉,根据受压情况进行椎板减压。按Oswestry功能障碍指数综合评价临床疗效,观察过伸、过屈位时的水平位移及角移位,采用UCLA系统来评价邻近节段退变情况。结果与结论:35例患者随访时间1年。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组优良率显著高于单纯椎管加压组(P<0.05)。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合对腰椎稳定性影响不大,邻近节段退变置入前和置入后1年无明显变化。单纯椎管加压对腰椎稳定性影响显著,同时治疗前和治疗后1年邻近节段退变无明显变化。提示椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱疗效满意,对腰椎稳定性影响小,并且置入后早期对椎间盘的邻近节段影响不大。     

颈椎不稳对邻近节段椎间盘蛋白多糖及II型胶原的影响

背景：颈椎行减压融合内固定术后邻近节段椎间盘加速退变,单个节段不稳是否也会加速邻近节段椎间盘退变还不清楚。目的：研究颈椎不稳动物模型邻近节段椎间盘形态学、蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原的变化。方法：16只新西兰大白兔,随机分为实验组及对照组,每组8只。实验组通过颈椎前路穿刺破坏纤维环及抽吸C5/6髓核组织建立兔颈椎不稳动物模型,12周X射线证实退变后处死动物取材,切取C4/5椎间盘组织,从矢状面切开,取其髓核组织10 mg,间苯三酚法测定髓核中蛋白多糖的量,另取椎间盘组织制作石蜡切片后进行苏木精-伊红染色和SABC免疫组化染色观察。结果与结论：实验组 C4/5椎间盘髓核脊索细胞减少,被成纤维细胞样细胞取代,偶见圆形的软骨细胞,且椎间盘纤维环变得粗糙,排列紊乱,玻璃样变性及色素沉着,可见纤维软骨细胞,内外层纤维环之间形成裂隙。髓核中蛋白多糖的含量降低,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义。退变椎间盘髓核及纤维环中Ⅱ型胶原也较对照组明显减少。结果表明颈椎不稳可诱发邻近节段颈椎退变,表现为椎间盘发生形态学变化,蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原含量下降。     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定与单纯椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的比较

背景：随着脊柱内固定和脊柱融合技术的发展,脊柱融合已成为腰椎退行性滑脱症毫无争议的＂金标准＂。同时,邻近节段退行性变的问题引起人们越来越多的关注。目的：观察椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效、手术节段稳定性及其对相邻节段的影响,并与单纯椎管加压进行对比。方法：选择天津医科大学总医院骨科收治的退行性腰椎滑脱患者38例,排除失访3例,余35例中采用椎弓根固定后外侧融合21例,单纯椎管减压14例。单纯椎管加压组用咬骨钳咬除黄韧带和椎板解除神经根后方的压迫,用骨凿凿除向前滑脱的椎体后缘与下位相邻椎体后缘形成的相对性突起;椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组按Wein-stein法定位椎弓根钉进针,拧入椎弓根螺钉,根据受压情况进行椎板减压。按Oswestry功能障碍指数综合评价临床疗效,观察过伸、过屈位时的水平位移及角移位,采用UCLA系统来评价邻近节段退变情况。结果与结论：35例患者随访时间1年。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组优良率显著高于单纯椎管加压组（P〈0.05）。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合对腰椎稳定性影响不大,邻近节段退变置入前和置入后1年无明显变化。单纯椎管加压对腰椎稳定性影响显著,同时治疗前和治疗后1年邻近节段退变无明显变化。提示椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱疗效满意,对腰椎稳定性影响小,并且置入后早期对椎间盘的邻近节段影响不大。