汉词再认ERP新旧效应的性别差异

目的：运用事件相关电位（ERPs）技术探讨汉词再认新旧效应的性别差异及其脑机制。方法：30名大学生（男女各半）参与汉词再认测验，同时记录EEG，离线处理数据后比较男女被试诱发出的ERPs主要成分及其新旧效应。结果：女性P500波幅显著大于男性（F=12．76，P〈0．001），潜伏期短于男性（F=3．589，P〈0．05）。男女被试在350．600ms均诱发出了显著的顶区新旧效应，但男性呈显著左侧优势，女性则更为双侧化。仅男性诱发出了显著的额区新旧效应，呈负走向变化，头皮分布呈右侧优势。结论：汉词再认的ERP新旧效应存在性别差异。这种性别差异可能既与信息提取速度及强度的差异有关，也与不同性别的神经解剖结构差异有关。     

首发精神分裂症患者及其父母认知功能的听觉ERP评估

目的：探讨首发精神分裂症患者及其父母是否存在认知功能障碍,以及事件相关电位（ERP）是精神分裂症的遗传素质标志还是状态性标志。方法：从2010年1～12月期间在徐州市东方人民医院住院的患者中选取符合CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准的首发患者60例,作为患者组;选取精神分裂症患者生物学意义上的父母,共120例作为亲属组;选取无精神疾病家族史的健康志愿者60名作为对照组。对3组进行听觉ERP检测,所得数据应用SPSS13．0统计软件包处理分析,采用的主要统计学方法包括卡方检验、单因素方差分析和协方差分析。结果：①患者组、亲属组与对照组间ERP的N2、P3波的潜伏期和P3波的波幅比较,差异均有显著意义（均为P〈0．01）;②患者组的N2波的潜伏期长于对照组（P％0．05）,亲属组和对照组各波潜伏期比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P〉0．05）;③患者组和亲属组的P3波的波幅均明显低于对照组（均为P〈0．05）,而患者组和亲属组P3波的波幅比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：首发精神分裂症患者及其父母可能存在一定程度的认知功能障碍;P3波波幅倾向于精神分裂症的遗传素质性标志,N2波潜伏期倾向于精神分裂症的状态性标志。     

孤独症儿童面孔认知ERP的PrN170研究

目的：探讨孤独症儿童与普通儿童在面孔识别事件相关电位（ERP）的差异。方法：以中性表情的面孔以及物件照片为刺激材料,以儿童喜欢物件的照片作为靶刺激,采用32通道ERP仪,分别记录20名孤独症儿童与22名普通儿童的ERP,比较两类儿童在不同刺激下N170电位的前体（Pre—cursorN170,PrN170）成分。采用SPSS13．0进行数据处理分析。结果：孤独症儿童组按键任务反应时较普通儿童组长（P〈0．05）,正确率无差别（P〉0．05）;两组儿童在面孔刺激呈现后约220ms颞枕叶导联发现PrN170,两组问对于不同类型的图片刺激,PrN170电位波幅与潜伏期均未见差异（P〉0．05）。结论：孤独症儿童的面孔结构编码过程无显著异常。     

酒依赖患者及其一级亲属听觉ERP研究

目的：对酒依赖患者及其一级亲属（父母、同胞或子女）组与正常对照组的听觉事件相关电位（ERP）进行对照研究,以了解酒依赖患者认知功能状况及酒依赖的遗传易感性。方法：收集40例男性酒依赖患者以及40例一级亲属和40例健康对照者进行听觉ERP检测。结果：酒依赖组和亲属组ERP的P3波（P300成分）波幅均明显低于对照组（均为P〈0．05）;而P3波幅在患者组和亲属组之间比较差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）;酒依赖组N2、P3潜伏期延长（P〈0．01）,而N2、P3潜伏期在亲属组和对照组之间的比较差异则无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：ERP反映酒依赖认知功能损害,可以作为酒依赖认知功能损害评估的重要检测手段之一;P3波幅可能是酒依赖的遗传易感性标志,可以作为预测酗酒的指标;对酒依赖一级亲属进行听觉ERP检测可早期发现高危人群,及时提供干预措施。     

精神分裂症患者n-back工作记忆神经机制异常的ERP研究

目的:比较精神分裂症患者与正常人在参量变化的工作记忆负荷水平下所诱发的ERP成分及其脑区分布差异,探讨精神分裂症患者工作记忆功能损害的神经机制。方法:精神分裂症患者以及正常对照各20名参加了n-back(n=0,1,2)工作记忆任务的ERP实验,同时记录行为数据及EEG,离线处理数据。结果:精神分裂症患者在1-back及2-back任务中行为表现明显较正常人差(P0.01)。正常人P3波幅随记忆负荷增长而成比例下降(0-back1-back2-back),而精神分裂症患者仅0-back的P3波幅显著高于1-back及2-back,(0-back1-back=2-back)。三种负荷条件下,精神分裂症组中央区的P3峰值均显著高于正常组,而2-back条件下的顶区P3峰值显著高于正常组。高记忆负荷与低记忆负荷的任务相减均得到一差异波N450成分。在顶区,精神分裂症患者的1-0差异波N450成分的波幅显著高于正常组,而2-1差异波N450成分的波幅显著低于正常组(P0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者存在显著的工作记忆损害,其中短时贮存功能损害可能与患者顶叶的生理低效能及工作记忆容量下降有关。     

甲状腺功能减退症与认知功能的相关性研究

目的：研究甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）患者的认知功能状态。方法：甲减患者40例作为患者组,与其年龄、性别、家庭经济状况及受教育程度等方面相匹配的健康人40例为对照组。采用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS—RC）及事件相关电位（ERP）对患者认知功能进行测定。结果：①患者组言语智商（VIQ）、知觉组织因子（POF）和记忆／注意不分心因子（MF）均较正常对照组降低,差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）;②患者组P300波潜伏期（503．24±36．32ms）较正常对照组（318．92±24．63ms）显著延长（P〈0．01）。结论：甲减患者可能存在认知功能损害。     

正常儿童ERP与智力关系的研究

３０例正常儿童进行了事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）与智商（ＩＱ）和学习成绩的对照检查，发现Ｐ３００波群中Ｐ３的潜伏期（ＰＬ）与ＩＱ的高低和学习成绩有显著相关性（但３例例外），提示Ｐ３的ＰＬ可作为评价并指导开发儿童智力的参考指标之一，而Ｎ４００无明确价值。     

进食障碍患者注意偏向及抑制控制的事件相关电位研究(综述)

进食障碍是一类易复发、疾病负担重的慢性疾病。进食障碍患者存在与执行功能相关的神经认知缺陷,其中最主要的表现是注意偏向及抑制控制的异常。随着事件相关电位研究的发展,进食障碍患者认知异常背后的神经机制得以被探究。本文回顾了近年来进食障碍患者注意偏向以及抑制控制两方面相关的事件相关电位研究,为基于神经认知机制诊疗方案的发展提供了参考。     

轻度认知障碍患者事件相关电位的诊断价值

目的：对轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者进行事件相关电位（ERP）检测,结合简易智能量表（MMSE）综合评价ERP对MCI的诊断价值。方法：将180例受试者分别编入MCI组、痴呆组及正常对照组,均进行听觉及视觉ERP检测,统计分析各组别ERP的特点。结果：MCI组与正常组及痴呆组比较,P300潜伏期和N2-P3以及P2-P3峰间波幅比较差异均有显著意义（P〈0．01）,其异常出现率也有差异。结论：P300可作为反映认知功能变化和作MCI诊断的一个客观的电生理学指标。     

腔隙性脑梗死患者事件相关电位的临床分析

目的：探讨事件相关电位（ERP）对腔隙性脑梗死（LI）患者认知功能障碍的诊断价值.方法：检测22例LI患者的ERP,并与正常对照组进行比较.结果：LI患者组ERP的N1、P2、N2、P3潜伏期和P3波幅分别为（107.32±23.32）、（202.73±29.74）、（310.09±31.49）、（365.41±46.46）ms和（-2.31±2.95）μV.与正常对照组进行比较,LI组ERP的N2、P3波潜伏期及波幅差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而N1、P2潜伏期间比较差异无显著意义（P〉0.01）.结论：LI患者可伴有认知功能的损害,ERP可以早期发现并诊断认知功能障碍,并可于临床表现及MMSE认知量表均未异常时发现认知障碍,是有一定客观性的一个指标.     

注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的事件相关电位改变

目的：研究注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, ADHD）患儿与正常儿童相比,事件相关电位（ERP）的变化。方法：21例确诊为ADHD的患儿及19名年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者进行ERP测试。以颜色不同而大小相同的圆形图片为刺激材料,两张图片颜色相同为匹配状态,不同为冲突状态。两种状态出现的机率相同。按照国际10-20系统粘贴头皮电极,在刺激序列呈现过程中按要求按键并同步记录脑电活动。结果：冲突状态的刺激时诱发出N270。与对照组相比,ADHD组患儿N270的潜伏期显著延长,差异有统计学意义。而ADHD组患儿的N190、P300的潜伏期及平均电压与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论：ADHD患儿ERP相对于健康儿童发生改变,其中N270更敏感。     

癫癎患者的事件相关电位与临床相关性研究

目的：研究癫癎患者的事件相关电位（ERP）的变化规律及其与癫癎临床的相互关系,并对ERP技术在其中的应用价值进行评价。方法：对癫癎患者在发作间期进行ERP检测。以潜伏期、波幅为观察指标。检测Fz、Cz、Pz点的N100、P200、、N200、P300波潜伏期,P300波波幅。结果：病例组与对照组相比,Cz点N100、P200、N200、P300波潜伏期延长（P〈0．01）,P300波波幅病例比较对照组降低显著（P=0．00）;癫癎患者头颅CT／MRI异常组较头颅CT／MRI正常组N200及P300波潜伏期延长（P〈0．05）。用两种及以上抗癎药组较用1种抗癎药组P200波潜伏期延长（P=0．00）;病程〉5年组较1～5年组P200波潜伏期延长（P=0．00）。结论：癫癎患者存在认知功能障碍,并有相应的ERP改变。ERP能够客观、灵敏地评价癫癎患者的高级认知功能损害。     

Spatio-temporal localization of the face inversion effect: an event-related potentials study

Event-related potentials (ERPs) from 58 electrodes at standard EEG sites were recorded while 14 subjects performed a delayed-matching task on normal and inverted faces. A large and single difference between normal and inverted face processing was observed at occipito-temporal sites about 160 ms following stimulus onset, mainly in the right hemisphere (RH). Although the topographies indicate that similar areas are involved at this latency in processing the two types of stimuli, the electrophysiological activity, which corresponds to the previously described N170, was larger and delayed for inverted as compared to normal face processing. These results complement and specify, at a neural level, previous behavioral and divided visual field studies which have suggested that the loss of configural face information by inversion may slow down and increase the difficulty of face processing, particularly in the RH.     

老年帕金森病患者事件相关电位检测与认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的：探讨老年帕金森病（PD）患者事件相关电位（ERP）与认知功能障碍的关系,并对其相关因素进行分析。方法：PD患者45例,根据年龄分组,≥60岁为PD老年组,〈60岁为PD非老年组。对所有入选患者进行ERP检测和韦氏成人智力量表中国修订版（WAIS-RC）检查,测定患者的ERP的N2、P3波潜伏期、波幅和患者的语言智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）、全智商（FIQ）等。结果：老年组PD患者ERP的N2、P3波潜伏期的异常率为73％,非老年组PD患者相应为33％,二者比较差异有极显著意义（P〈0．001）;老年组PD患者WAIS-RC测试异常率为60％,非老年组PD患者为20％,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。患者的病程、受教育年限、运动功能障碍程度与ERP异常无相关性（P〉0．05）;病程与患者的VIQ、PIQ、FIQ无相关性（P〉0．05）;运动功能障碍程度与VIQ、PIQ、FIQ呈负相关（P〈0．05）;受教育年限与VIQ、PIQ、FIQ呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：老年组PD患者的认知功能障碍异常率明显高于非老年组PD患者。PD患者的认知功能障碍（VIQ、PIQ、FIQ）不仅与年龄有关,而且与运动功能障碍程度、受教育年限相关。ERP的检测对认知功能障碍测试比WAIS-RC更敏感,且不受患者的病程、受教育年限、运动功能障碍程度的影响,能客观反映出PD患者认知功能的损害。     

首发精神分裂症女性患者雌激素与事件相关电位的相关性

目的：研究首发精神分裂症女性患者雌激素与事件相关电位（ERP）P300的关系。方法：采用放射免疫法测定30例首发精神分裂症女性患者（患者组）与20名正常女性（对照组）的血清雌激素水平;并用ERPP300（即P3波）评定患者认知功能。结果：①患者组雌二醇（E2）水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;②与正常对照组比较,患者组靶刺激N1、N2和P3波及非靶刺激P2波潜伏期延迟,靶刺激P3波及非靶刺激P2波波幅降低;③患者组E2水平与P300潜伏期呈显著负相关（r=-0．43,P=0．02）。结论：首发精神分裂症女性患者存在雌激素水平下降,以及注意力、记忆力缺陷和认知加工缓慢等认知障碍,雌激素水平与认知功能呈显著相关。     

Inhibition control and error processing in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An event-related potentials study

We studied inhibitory control and error processing in a task requiring inhibition of a motor response. Behavioral and ERP indices were recorded in fourteen ADHD and fourteen healthy children aged between 6 and 10 years during the Stop signal task (SST). The ADHD group made more variable in RT and showed less accuracy, more omissions and choice errors. Also, the ADHD group had a tendency toward a lower probability of inhibition and a longer Stop signal reaction time. The ADHD group also displayed a flatter response inhibition slope compared to the control group. Smaller P1 in ADHD group reflected that the ADHD group has less efficient attention than the control group. Furthermore, the ADHD group showed normal ERN, reduced Pe (retrieved from response-locked epochs), and reduced LPW (retrieved from Stop signal-locked epochs), suggesting that they might be normal in early error monitoring process related to error detection, but show abnormal in later error monitoring process associated with a conscious evaluation of the error. Behavioral and ERP data of the present study show deficient selective attention, inhibitory control, and error processing in children of ADHD.     

Phonotactic constraint violations in German grammar are detected automatically in auditory speech processing: a human event-related potentials study

In this human ERP study, effects of language‐specific phonotactic restrictions on automatic auditory speech processing were investigated by means of the dorsal fricative assimilation (DFA) that is obligatory in German grammar. Using a multiple passive oddball paradigm, we studied the deviance‐related processing of phonotactically ill‐formed strings violating DFA. Eight VC‐syllables were created by exhaustively combining the vowels and the dorsal fricatives , resulting in four well‐formed and four ill‐formed stimuli that were contrasted in oddball blocks with changing probabilities of occurrence. Only the ill‐formed deviants elicited a negative ERP deflection maximal at about 100 msec after the onset of the fricative. This negativity is considered to reflect a phonotactic evaluation process requiring the activation of implicit phonotactic knowledge from long‐term memory and resulting in the automatic detection of a DFA violation.     

Developmental changes in point-light walker processing during childhood and adolescence: An event-related potential study

To investigate developmental changes in the neural responses to a biological motion stimulus, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) in 50 children aged from 7 to 14 years, and 10 adults. Two kinds of visual stimuli were presented: a point-light walker (PLW) stimulus and a scrambled point-light walker (sPLW) stimulus as a control. The sPLW stimulus had the same number of point-lights and the same velocity vector of point-lights as the PLW stimulus, but the initial starting positions were randomized. Consistent with previous ERP studies, one positive peak (P1) and two negative peaks (N1 and N2) were observed at around 130, 200 and 330 ms, respectively, in bilateral occipitotemporal regions, in all age groups. The latency of the P1 component was significantly shorter for the PLW than sPLW stimulus in all age groups, whereas the amplitude was significantly larger for the PLW than sPLW stimulus only for the 7-year-old group. The P1 amplitude and N1 latency were linearly decreased with age. The negative amplitudes of both N1 and N2 components of the PLW stimulus were significantly larger than those of the sPLW stimulus in all age groups. P1-N1 amplitude was changed by development, but not N2 amplitude. These results suggest that the intensity (P1) and timing (N1) of early visual processing for the PLW stimulus changed linearly throughout childhood and P1-N1 amplitude at occipitotemporal electrodes and N1 latency in 10-year-olds, but not 11-year-olds, was significantly larger than that in adults. For the amplitudes of the N2 component in response to PLW and sPLW stimuli in 7–8-year-old subjects were not statistically different from those in adults at occipitotemporal electrodes. These results suggest that the neural response to the PLW stimulus has developed by 10 years of age at the occipitotemporal electrode.