植物雌激素的研究

植物雌激素是一类结构与功效类似于动物雌激素的天然杂环多酚类化合物,能够发挥雌激素样作用。根据其化学结构,主要分为4大类:黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类以及二苯乙烯类。另外,还有三萜类、醌类、甾醇类真菌雌激素类等。植物雌激素的药理作用主要为抗绝经后骨质疏松、防治雌激素依赖性肿瘤、防治心血管疾病、抗老年痴呆等。     

植物雌激素的化学分类和药理作用

植物雌激素广泛存在于植物中,化学结构上大致分为异黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类、查耳酮类等,在治疗乳腺癌、前列腺癌、心血管疾病、绝经症状、骨质疏松症和改善认知能力方面已有确切的疗效和应用。概述了有关植物雌激素的分类和药理作用研究最新进展。     

大豆异黄酮防治骨质疏松作用的现状及机制

骨质疏松以及其所引起的骨折已成为严重的全球范围问题。美国每年由骨质疏松引起骨折的病人约120万,其治疗费用为70～120亿美元,占美国用于治疗全部骨折费用的85％L10;日本65岁以上人口中约有1／3的人患骨质疏松症;我国约有骨质疏松症病人8000万,并有1亿多人需要采取预防措施。骨质疏松症的危险因素有很多,如年龄、性别、种族、膳食、运动以及闭经等。据统计绝经后妇女骨质疏松的发病率为50％,其病因与绝经后妇女体内雌激素水平降低有关。大豆及大豆蛋白具有防治骨质疏松的作用,引起了世界范围内的广泛关注。其作用与大豆含有的异黄酮化合物有关,大豆异黄酮有弱的雌激素作用,被称为植物雌激素,且由于大豆异黄酮能选择性地与雌激素受体的B亚型结合,从而无应用雌激素所带来的副作用。     

红三叶草异黄酮及其代谢研究进展

红三叶草异黄酮具有多种生理活性,从其结构特点上阐述了红三叶草异黄酮的植物雌激素功能。近年来国内外学者对其生理功能的研究发现,红三叶草异黄酮的植物雌激素作用与其代谢产物密切相关。红三叶草异黄酮属于4’-甲氧基类异黄酮,需要在生物体内通过微生物酶系作用下转化成具有双羟基结构以及活性更高的4’-羟基类异黄酮,从而能够更好地与雌激素受体结合,发挥植物雌激素作用。     

植物雌激素三羟异黄酮的心血管效应及其机制

三羟异黄酮(genistein ,GST)是一种具有类似动物雌激素结构及生物活性的植物成分,它具有降低血脂浓度、抑制酪氨酸激酶、降低血管平滑肌张力及改变心肌电生理学特性等生理作用。GST是豆科植物生物合成的异黄酮成分,它可与雌激素 α(estrogenreceptortype α,ER α)和雌激素 β(ER β)受体结合并激活其受体,产生雌激素样作用,它对预防和治疗绝经后综合征、骨质疏松和激素依赖性癌症有明显作用。GST减少血清总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC )、低密度脂蛋白(low densitylipoproteincholesterol,LDL )和甘油三酯(triglyceride ,TG ) ,而…     

如何使用植物雌激素防治更年期综合征

植物雌激素是一类广泛存在于植物中的非甾体类化合物,其结构及生物活性均类似于雌激素。此物质可对人体内的雌激素起到双向调节的作用,并具有清除自由基、降压、防治癌症、心血管疾病、骨质疏松症等多种重要的功效。大豆异黄酮是一种最常见的弱植物雌激素。临床实践证实,围绝经期综合征患者若能每天服用一些大豆异黄酮可起到补充雌激素、预防因绝经而引起的疾病、改善潮热、盗汗、失眠、烦躁易怒、忧郁多疑、性交困难、心悸、眩晕等症状的作用。     

大豆异黄酮的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是一类存在于豆类食物中的植物雌激素,由于其类雌激素样作用,富含大豆异黄酮豆类食品因其对心血管、骨质疏松及癌症等病具有防治作用而倍受学者关注,笔者就大豆异黄酮对这些方面在流行病学、动物实验和-临床试验的最近几年的研究进展情况作一概述.     

大豆异黄酮的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是一类存在于豆类食物中的植物雌激素，由于其类雌激素样作用，富含大豆异黄酮豆类食品因其对心血管、骨质疏松及癌症等病具有防治作用而倍受学者关注，笔者就大豆异黄酮对这些方面在流行病学、动物实验和临床试验的最近几年的研究进展情况作一概述。     

染料木素对大鼠生殖毒性的实验研究(Ⅱ)致畸敏感期毒性

染料木素系从豆科植物槐角Sophora japortica L.的干燥成熟果实中提取的异黄酮单体成分，具有弱雌激素样作用又非雌激素类化合物，称之为植物雌激素。流行病调查、动物实验和临床观察均发现，异黄酮通过抑制骨吸收和促进骨形成过程，维持骨代谢的动态平衡，有效地预防骨质疏松。鉴于染     

葛根异黄酮防治中老年妇女疾病研究进展

葛根异黄酮是葛根含有的具有中老年妇女保健作用的植物雌激素，具有弱的雌激素样作用。本文综述了葛根异黄酮在防治骨质疏松、心血管疾病、生殖系统肿瘤，美容养颜抗衰老等中老年妇女疾病中的作用研究进展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.