不同透皮促进剂对复方黄芩巴布剂中黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响

目的 研究氮酮、丙二醇、油酸及两者配伍对复方黄芩巴布剂中黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响.方法 制备含不同吸收促进剂的复方黄芩巴布剂,以Franz扩散池为透皮吸收装置,采用HPLC法对黄芩苷进行测定,考察不同透皮促进剂的促渗效果.结果 与不含吸收促进剂的巴布剂比较,吸收促进剂对黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响为丙二醇(PG) 氮酮(azone)＞丙二醇 油酸(OA)＞油酸 氮酮＞不含促进剂.其中丙二醇与氮酮浓度各为1.5%时,黄芩苷有最大渗透速率154.36μg/(cm2·h).结论 复合促进剂对黄芩苷的透皮吸收均有促进作用,1.5%丙二醇 1.5%氮酮作为本复方的透皮促进剂效果较好.     

骨伤凝胶膏剂中促渗剂的优选研究

目的 优选骨伤凝胶膏剂的促渗剂,研究其透皮吸收行为和体外释放度.方法 采用改良Franzs扩散池法,生理盐水为接受液,用高效液相色谱法测定,以柚皮苷24 h累积透过量和增渗倍数为指标,优选骨伤凝胶膏剂的促渗剂并测定其释放度和透皮吸收情况.结果 选用氮酮和丙二醇为促渗剂时,透皮吸收较好,最后确定氮酮和丙二醇的比例为(1∶...     

细辛挥发油对大黄藤素体外促透皮作用的实验研究

目的:考察细辛挥发油对大黄藤素小鼠体外经皮渗透的影响.方法:用改良的Franz扩散池进行透皮吸收实验,以氮酮为对照,紫外分光光度法测定大黄藤素的含量.结果:不同浓度的促透剂中5%细辛油,5%氮酮的促透效果最好,5mg/mL大黄藤素加入以上促透剂后24h平均累积渗透量分别为5276.62,5068.87μg/cm2;6h平均透皮速率常数分别为219.89,221.44μg/cm2·h;增渗倍数分别为1.0326,1.3217.结论:5%细辛挥发油对大黄藤素有较强的促透皮作用.     

水溶性氮酮在生发灵酊剂中对阿魏酸体外透皮吸收的促进作用研究

目的考察水溶性氮酮在生发灵酊剂中对阿魏酸透皮吸收的促进作用并找出最佳促透浓度。方法采用双室扩散小室,用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)法分别测定含5种浓度水溶性氮酮的生发灵酊剂经离体鼠皮透皮吸收10h各时间点阿魏酸的释药量。结果当溶液中含水溶性氮酮为1.509%、吸收10h后累积释药量为2356.7μg,释放速率最快为242.9μg/cm2·h-1。结论水溶性氮酮在生发灵酊剂中对阿魏酸的透皮吸收具有促进作用,其最佳促透浓度为1.509%。     

均匀设计法筛选格列吡嗪透皮贴剂的促渗剂

目的筛选格列吡嗪透皮贴剂的复合型促渗剂。方法以离体大鼠皮肤透皮速率常数为指标,采用均匀设计法从氮酮、油酸、丙二醇中选择最佳促渗剂及其最佳配比。结果氮酮、丙二醇为影响格列吡嗪经皮渗透的主要因素,而油酸无明显作用;以氮酮-丙二醇（质量分数比为6%∶6%）作促渗剂时,格列吡嗪可获得最大透皮速度,测得透皮速率常数为6.174μg.cm-2.h-1。结论优选的复合促渗剂可提高格列吡嗪的透皮吸收率。     

盐酸丁丙诺啡凝胶体外透皮渗透实验研究

目的观察透皮促渗剂对盐酸丁丙诺啡凝胶体外透皮特性的影响。方法实验分为无促渗剂组和促渗剂组,其中无促渗剂组又分为含0.5%、1%、2%盐酸丁丙诺啡3组;促渗剂组根据含促渗剂不同又分为氮酮、油酸和混合组,氮酮组再分含1%、2%、4%氮酮3组,油酸组再分含2%、4%、6%油酸3组,混合组含4%油酸+4%氮酮。以无毛小鼠皮肤为渗透屏障,进行体外渗透试验,分析该凝胶稳态透皮速率(Js)和Js提高率。结果无促渗剂3组Js分别为(0.69±0.11)、(0.90±0.14)和(1.18±0.10)μg/cm2·h,Js提高率分别为0.76、1.00和1.31,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);混合组促渗效果最明显,Js为(13.22±1.27)μg/cm2·h,与4%油酸组和4%氮酮组比较,Js提高率为1.8和1.3(P<0.05),与对照组比较,Js提高率为14.6(P<0.01)。结论盐酸丁丙诺啡凝胶具有良好的透皮特性,适当加入促渗剂油酸或氮酮可以显著提高其Js,使其释放近似零级动力学模型。     

不同促渗剂对芍药苷凝胶体外透皮吸收的影响

[目的] 研究芍药苷（PF）的理化性质及考察薄荷油、桉叶油、油酸、氮酮4种促渗剂对PF凝胶中PF体外透皮吸收的影响,筛选出最佳的促渗剂。[方法] 采用摇瓶法测定PF的表观溶解度及油水分配系数;采用改良Franz扩散池,以大鼠离体皮肤为模型,通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定药物浓度,拟合PF透皮吸收的累积透过量和透过速率。[结果] 7%薄荷油、5%薄荷油、4%桉叶油及3%油酸均可以不同程度地促进PF凝胶中PF透皮吸收,其促渗效果顺序为7%薄荷油＞5%薄荷油＞4%桉叶油＞3%油酸。[结论] 7%薄荷油为PF凝胶的最佳促渗剂。     

布洛芬贴剂中促渗剂筛选

目的：研究各种透皮促渗剂对布洛芬贴剂透皮吸收的影响,筛选最佳促渗剂。方法：采用改良的Franz扩散池,以离体大鼠皮为透皮屏障,进行体外扩散实验,用紫外分光光度法测定接受液中布洛芬的含量。考察含不同促渗剂的布洛芬贴剂在0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、24h的累积透过量及渗透速率常数。结果：复合促渗剂8%氮酮＋10%丙二醇的累积渗透量最大,渗透速率常数最大,且不影响成型性。结论：选用8%氮酮＋10%丙二醇作布洛芬贴剂的促渗剂渗透效果最好。     

草乌提取物乌头碱和新乌头碱的透皮速率测定

目的:测定草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。方法:用改良Franz扩散池法收集草乌提取物的透皮接受液,用高效液相色谱法测定其中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。结果:在促透剂氮酮和丙二醇各为4%的条件下,浓度为600mg/ml的草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱24h的累积渗透量分别为165.819和487.747μg/cm2;透皮速率常数分别为18.391和78.805μg·cm-2·h-1。结论:草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱在氮酮和丙二醇的促透作用下能较好地透过大鼠皮肤,透皮吸收过程符合Higuchi方程。     

乳腺康巴布剂的体外释放实验研究

目的 探讨不同促渗剂对乳腺康巴布剂中药物透皮吸收的影响,以提高乳腺康巴布剂的疗效。方法 采用体外智能透皮仪,以乳腺康巴布剂中丹参酮ⅡA的经皮渗透量为指标,用HPLC定量检测透过的丹参酮ⅡA。模拟丹参酮ⅡA透皮吸收的动力学方程。结果 3%氮酮与5%丙二醇联合使用时,丹参酮ⅡA的透皮释放速度和累积透过量最大。结论 3%氮酮与5%丙二醇组成的二元促渗剂作用效果最佳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.