强直性脊柱炎强直髋全髋关节置换术45例临床分析

目的观察强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累强直时行全髋关节置换术的临床疗效。方法对2003年1月2008年1月45例（78髋）强直性脊柱炎患者行全髋关节置换术,其中38例（55髋）进行了平均4.5年（2～7年）的随访。结果 38例患者术后髋关节功能均明显改善,Harris评分由术前（16.3±1.7）分提高到术后（83.4±4.6）分。髋关节屈曲畸形矫正,55个髋关节总活动度（屈伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋等6个方向活动总和）由术前（38.7±7.6）°增加至术后（191.2±10.3）°。术后髋关节疼痛消失,膝关节痛、腰骶部疼痛明显改善,步态较术前改善,生活自理。结论短期随访全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节受累强直安全、有效。     

强直性脊柱炎晚期严重髋关节畸形围手术期的康复护理12例

强直性脊柱炎 (ａｎｋｙｌｏｓｉｎｇｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｉｔｉｓ ,ＡＳ)是一种血清学阴性的慢性进行性炎症性疾病 ,主要侵犯骶髂关节、脊柱和髋关节等 ,至今病因不明 ,尚无有效的治疗方法。对ＡＳ引起的髋关节晚期严重畸形施行全髋关节置换术 (ＴＨＡ)是目前公认的有效治疗方法[1] 。术后康复护理有助于促进患肢肌力、耐力和功能恢复。 1995年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 4月 ,我科对 12例 (2 4髋 )ＡＳ并髋关节骨性强直Ⅰ期施行双侧全髋关节置换术 ,并对其进行围手术期康复护理。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1　一般资料。 12例患者均为强直性脊柱炎 (根据 …     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎11例临床研究

目的观察分析全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎患者髋关节病变的疗效。方法选取我院骨科2008年9月～2010年10月期间收入的经过问诊、临床检查以及X线片确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者11例,对以上患者进行回顾性分析。11例均有程度不等的髋关节病变,行全髋关节置换术治疗,分析其疗效,以患者术后患髋关节疼痛、功能活动范围、异位骨化发生率、假体松动脱位率等为观察指标。结果随访至今,患者髋关节疼痛明显减轻,甚至消失;髋关节屈、伸、外旋、内旋、外展、内收等功能活动范围均有很大幅度增加,其中屈曲范围为62～101(平均78.1)°,后伸范围为10～20(平均15.3)°度,外旋范围为20～25(平均23.7)°,内旋范围为15～30(平均25)°度,外展范围为20～30(平均24.8)°,内收范围为10～15(平均13.4)°,生活质量得到改善;X线片显示发生移位骨化1例,异位骨化发生率为9.1%,暂无假体松动、脱位,假体松动脱位率暂时为0,有待继续观察。结论对于强直性脊柱炎患者髋关节病变而言,选用全髋关节置换术治疗疗效可,能显著改善患者生活质量,值得在骨科推广。     

全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床分析

选取2012年6月~2015年5月我院收治的31例(48髋)强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直畸形患者。均行人工全髋关节置换治疗。观察对比术前、后Harris(髋关节评分)、关节整体功能的恢复情况以及髋关节活动范围。结果术后患者髋关节评分87.6±4.8分显著高于术前髋关节评分33.4±6.7分;术后患者髋关节的活动范围115.8°±22.7°显著大于术前髋关节活动范围24.5°±10.2°。所有患者关节疼痛感受均得到一定程度的缓解,29例(93.55%)患者的疼痛感受完全消失,能够自如行走。人工全髋关节置换术治疗,能够有效改善强直性脊柱炎患者髋关节的活动范围,提高生活自理能力,是治疗髋关节强直畸形的有效手段。     

强直性脊柱炎病人髋关节置换术的护理

[目的]探讨强直性脊柱炎病人进行双侧人工全髋关节同期置换围术期的护理。[方法]对骨科21例强直性脊柱炎病人行双侧人工全髋关节同期置换术,术前做好心理护理,术后密切观察病情、预防并发症、做好各项护理、功能康复以及出院指导等。[结果]21例病人住院期间经精心护理均顺利地度过了围术期,无并发症发生,均痊愈出院。[结论]强直性脊柱炎并双侧人工全髋关节同期置换围术期护理对病人的康复尤为重要,可解除疼痛,提高病人的生命质量。     

全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防及护理

2002年1月~2004年12月,我院对59例全髋关节置换术患者术后加强病情观察并早期进行功能锻炼,有效预防了下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的发生,现将护理体会报告如下。1临床资料本组59例,68髋,女23例,27髋,男36例,41髋,48~74岁,平均61岁;其中股骨头无菌性坏死28髋,骨性关节炎17髋,股骨颈骨折19髋,先天性髋臼发育不良并创伤性关节炎2髋,强直性脊柱炎并髋关节强直2髋。术后并发DVT 4例,男1例,女3例,均根据临床表现结合静脉造影、彩色超声多普勒及D-二聚体确诊。2结果本组术后并发DVT 4例,均经抬高患肢、抗凝、溶栓、改善微循环及芒硝外敷患肢治愈,…     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者人工全髋关节置换术中回收自体血的应用

目的分析28例术中自体血回收及术后引流血回输技术应用于人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者的疗效。方法 28例强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者行全髋置换术,在术中行自体血回收,术后引流血回输,观察患者在围术期输血量、血常规、凝血功能的变化情况。结果术中自体血液回输510.3 mL,术后引流血回输231 mL,平均异体输血量97 mL,异体血使用率18.7%。术后2 d血小板及凝血功能指标基本恢复到术前水平。结论对强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者的行人工全髋关节置换术时利用术中及术后自体血回收用技术,能够减少异体输血量,对凝血功能的影响较小。     

强直性脊柱炎患者全髋关节置换术的护理

总结了19例（31髋）保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎的护理干预。主要护理干预包括：心理护理,术前体位指导,大小便训练,股四头肌训练,膝关节及踝关节功能锻炼等,术后分阶段的康复干预。结果Harris评分由术前的平均27．6分（3-52分）提高到了术后的平均83．13分（54～92分）：优良率为87．10％,其中,优6髋,良21髋,中3髋,差1髋。髋关节的总活动度由术前的平均35．6°（0°-115°）提高到了术后的平均185．6°（54°-215°）。认为保留股骨颈的全髋关节置换术是强直性脊柱炎患者重建髋关节,恢复关节功能,提高生活质量的有效方法,通过合理的护理干预可取得满意的临床效果。     

一次性双侧髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎双髋关节强直12例

强直性脊柱炎因其反复发作病程长而又无特效药物治疗,晚期脊柱、骶髂关节和髋关节非功能位骨性强直而致残。应用双侧人工全髋关节一次置换术,治效果满意。     

一次性双侧髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎双髋关节强直12例

强直性脊柱炎因其反复发作病程长而又无特效药物治疗，晚期脊柱、骶髂关节和髋关节非功能位骨性强直而致残。应用双侧人工全髋关节一次置换术，治效果满意。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.