尿胱抑素C对危重新生儿死亡的早期预测价值

目的 探讨尿胱抑素C(uCys C)对危重新生儿病死率的早期预测价值.方法 选择2011年5月至2012年10月在出生6h内入住苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿重症监护病房的新生儿为研究对象,进行前瞻性研究.根据自入院在1周内是否死亡分为死亡组和生存组(对照组).检测患儿入院当日uCys C水平,并于入院24 h内进行新生儿急性生理学评分(SNAP).多因素Logistic回归分析评估在校正混杂因素后uCys C与死亡的关系,用受试者工作特征曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估uCys C对死亡的预测价值.结果 研究期间共纳入155例新生儿,12例(7.1％)新生儿在入院1周内死亡.死亡组胎龄(t =2.810,P=0.006)、出生体质量(t=3.245,P=0.001)均显著低于对照组,uCys C(2=-3.426,P=0.001)、SNAP评分(z=-3.308,P=0.001)、机械通气(x2=23.877,P=0.000)的使用率均显著高与对照组.Logistic回归分析显示,在校正胎龄、出生体质量等因素后,uCys C水平仍与死亡显著相关.uCys C水平预测新生儿死亡的AUC值为0.81(95％ CI:0.71 ～0.92,P=0.001);联合SNAP和机械通气后,其预测死亡的AUC为0.93(95％ CI:0.86 ～1.00,P=0.000).结论 uCys C是新生儿死亡的独立预测指标,将其与SNAP、机械通气联合后有更好的预测价值.     

新生儿ABO溶血高胆红素血症血尿胱抑素C测定及临床价值探讨

目的 探讨新生儿ABO溶血高胆红素血症血、尿胱抑素C(Cys C)变化及其临床价值.方法 2008年1月至2010年1月本科确诊为ABO溶血症引起高胆红素血症(TBil≥220.6μmol/L)的新生儿为观察组,根据胆红素水平分为轻度组(TBil<256.5 μmol/L)和中重度组(TBil≥256.5 μmol/L).同期自然分娩、无黄疸的新生儿为对照组.测定观察组入院24 h内及黄疸消退期、对照组生后2～3 d血清胆红素、血尿Cys C、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、BUN、Scr值,并对资料进行统计学分析.结果 轻度组18例,中重度组22例,对照组20例.中重度组血清Cys C、β2-MG值高于对照组(P<0.05);轻度组、中重度组尿Cys C、β2-MG值均高于对照组(P<0.05);中重度组血、尿Cys C、β2-MG值均高于轻度组(P<0.05);血清胆红素与血、尿Cys C水平呈正相关(r=0.627、0.538,P<0.01);血、尿Cys C水平分别与血、尿β2-MG水平呈正相关(r=0.385、0.368,P<0.05).观察组治疗后,血、尿Cys C值较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01).结论 高胆红素血症对新生儿肾功能有不同程度的损害,且对肾小管的损害早于肾小球,但肾损伤短暂、可逆;血、尿CysC测定时新生儿早期肾功能损害的诊断、治疗及疗效判断均具有十分重要的临床指导价值.     

尿胱抑素C对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿肾功能的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿胱抑素(Cys C)对围生期HIE新生儿肾小管功能损害的诊断价值.方法 选取HIE新生儿47例为HIE组,按照HIE诊断标准又将其分为轻度HIE组(25例)和中重度HIE组(22例).选取无肾功能损害诱因及HIE临床表现及实验室指标的非HIE新生儿23例为对照组.测定各组新生儿日龄3 d内的尿Cys C及尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)等尿酶系列,并计算滤过钠排泄分数(FENa%),应用Kolmogorov-Smimov法分析各组间各指标的差异.结果 HIE组尿Cys C、RBP及FENa%较对照组显著增高,中重度HIE组尿Cys C升高更加明显(Pa<0.05).β2-MG、NAG在对照组、轻度HIE组、中重度HIE组间呈逐渐上升,但除中重度HIE组β2-MG较对照组显著增高(P<0.01)外,其他组组间比较无显著性差异.尿Cys C、RBP、β2-MG、NAG与FENa%均呈显著正相关(r=0.572,0.648,0.402,0.368 Pa<0.05).结论 尿Cys C可作为反映肾小管损伤的诊断指标之一,其诊断性能优于β2-MG,而与尿RBP相似.     

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、肾损伤分子1和白介素18在诊断心肺分流术后急性肾损伤中的意义

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)和白介素18(IL-18)在儿童心肺分流术(CPB)后急性肾损伤(AKI)临床诊断中的价值。方法随机收集2013年3月至2013年6月住院行CPB的先天性心脏病患儿67例,按照pRIFLE标准分为AKI组及非AKI组;观察术前,术后30 min、2 h、4 h、24 h、48 h和72 h血清肌酐(Scr)、尿NGAL、尿KIM-1、尿肌酐(Ucr)及尿IL-18水平。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评价NGAL、KIM-1及IL-18早期预测AKI的价值。结果 67例CPB儿童中23例(34.3%)发生AKI。按pRIFLE标准分期:危险期15例,损伤期4例,衰竭期3例,丧失期1例。AKI组术后4 h、48 h和72 h尿NGAL/Ucr高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后4 h尿NGAL/Ucr为1.20时,预测AKI的灵敏度和特异度为0.864和0.561,AUC为0.671(95%CI:0.537~0.804)。术后48 h和72 h AKI组尿KIM-1/Ucr高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CPB术后24 h尿KIM-1/Ucr为1.16时,预测AKI的灵敏度和特异度分别为0.773和0.512,AUC为0.698(95%CI:0.563~0.834)。术后4 h AKI组尿IL-18/Ucr高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CPB术后4 h尿IL-18/Ucr为0.04时,预测AKI的灵敏度和特异度为0.773和0.561,AUC为0.655(95%CI:0.510~0.800)。结论联合检测尿NGAL、尿KIM-1及尿IL-18水平对儿童CPB术后早期预测AKI的发生可能具有重要的临床价值。     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病体外循环术后急性肾损伤早期预警的临床研究

目的 探讨婴幼儿先天性心脏病体外循环术后急性肾损伤的发病情况以及尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、白介素18(IL-18)及N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿微量白蛋白(MA)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)在婴幼儿先天性心脏病体外循环术后急性肾损伤中的早期预测价值.方法 本组58例≤3岁的行体外循环手术的先天性心脏病患儿,分别在术前和体外循环开始后4、6、12、24 h留取尿样进行NGAL、IL-18、NAG、MA、α1-MG的检测.根据体外循环术后是否发生急性肾损伤分为急性肾损伤组和非急性肾损伤组,对2组以上指标进行比较.结果 急性肾损伤组和非急性肾损伤组各29例,两组性别、年龄、体重差异无统计学意义.急性肾损伤组术后4、6、12 h的尿NGAL/尿肌酐(UCr)水平(2820.0μg,/g,905.7 μg/g,76.1μg/g)均高于非急性肾损伤组(27.6 μg/g,19.5 μg/g,16.0 μg/g) (P ＜0.01).急性肾损伤组术后4、6、12和24 h的尿IL-18/UCr水平(3768.0 ng/g,1092 ng/g,421.0 ng/g,256.8 ng/g)均高于非急性肾损伤组(511.7 ng/g,304.1 ng/g,207.5 ng/g,100.8 ng/g) (P ＜0.05).急性肾损伤组术后4、6h的尿NAG/UCr水平(1205.5 U/g,294.7 U/g)均高于非急性肾损伤组(176.8 U/g,104.5 U/g) (P ＜0.01).急性肾损伤组术后4、6、12 h的尿MA/UCr水平(1628.0 mg/g,383.7 mg/g,121.2 mg/g)均高于非急性肾损伤组(119.0 mg/g,81.3 mg/g,86.5 mg/g) (P ＜0.05).急性肾损伤组术后4、6、12h的尿α1-MG/UCr水平(804.4 mg/g,384.5 mg/g,104.4 mg/g)高于非急性肾损伤组(154.0 mg/g,84.3 mg/g,37.2 mg/g)(P＜0.01).尿NGAL、IL-18、NAG、MA/UCr和α1-MG/UCr 5个指标均在术后4h预测价值最大.结论 尿生物学标志物NGAL、IL-18、NAG、MA、α1-MG对体外循环术后早期急性肾损伤有较强的预测价值.     

不同胎龄高胆红素血症新生儿血清胱抑素C及β_2-微球蛋白水平变化的意义

目的观察不同胎龄高胆红素血症新生儿血清胱抑素C(Cys C)及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平变化,探讨高胆红素血症对不同胎龄新生儿肾功能的影响。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法对98例不同胎龄高胆红素血症新生儿(足月儿45例,早产儿53例)及对照组(足月儿及早产儿各20例)新生儿的血清β2-MG、Cys C水平进行测定,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理。结果轻度高胆红素血症组足月儿血清β2-MG、Cys C与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(Pa>0.05),但明显低于重度高胆红素血症组足月儿(Pa<0.01);轻度高胆红素血症组早产儿血清β2-MG和Cys C明显高于重度高胆红素血症组早产儿及对照组早产儿(Pa<0.01);重度高胆红素血症组新生儿血β2-MG和Cys C水平明显高于对照组(Pa<0.01)。血清β2-MG和Cys C水平与血胆红素水平呈正相关、与胎龄呈负相关(r=0.563 8,-0.724 6,Pa<0.01;r=0.581 7,-0.831 8,Pa<0.01)。重度高胆红素血症组新生儿胆红素消退期β2-MG、Cys C水平较黄疸高峰期明显下降(Pa<0.01)。结论高胆红素血症特别是重度高胆...     

三种不同危重症评估法对危重新生儿死亡风险的预测价值比较

目的 比较新生儿急性生理评分(score of neonatal acute physiology,SNAP)、新生儿危重病例评分(neonatal critical illness scores,NCIS)及第三代小儿死亡风险评分(pediatric rick of mortality Ⅲscore,PRISM Ⅲ)三种危重症评分法对危重新生儿死亡风险的预测价值,探索适合我院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)应用的评分系统.方法 对2014年10月至2015年6月入住我院NICU的398例患儿同时采用SNAP、NCIS及PRISM Ⅲ三种评分系统进行不同时点评分,以新生儿是否死亡为结局,分别描绘各评分系统各时点受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve,ROC),比较各ROC曲线下面积(Ar-ea Under ROC Curve,AUC)的差异.结果 NCIS评分系统的各时点AUC分别为0.769/1d,0.834/3d,0.862/5d;SNAP评分系统的各时点AUC分别为0.849/1d,0.856/2d;PRISM Ⅲ评分系统的各时点AUC分别为0.869/12h,0.878/24h.AUC均大于0.5,可预测疾病死亡风险.三系统各时点AUC的比较:PRISM Ⅲ(24h)、SNAP(1d)两者差异无统计学意义(Z=1.26,P=0.208);NCIS(1d)、NCIS(3d)各与PRISM Ⅲ(24h)及SNAP(1d)比较,前者差异有统计学意义(Z=4.73、2.57;P=0.00001、0.01);后者差异无统计学意义(Z=1.9、0.46;P=0.060、0.645).结论 PRISM Ⅲ、SNAP及NCIS三个评分系统均能预测危重新生儿的死亡风险;PRISM Ⅲ、SNAP早期能预测危重新生儿死亡风险.     

新生儿肾功能损害早期指标分析

目的 探讨血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystain C)、尿微量蛋白系列在窒息后新生儿中的变化及意义.评价新生儿肾功能的检测指标.方法 检测2004年9月--2005年9月68例足月窒息新生儿(Apgar评分7分)和40例足月非窒息新生儿的血清Cr、BUN、血β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、C、血Cystatin C、尿微量蛋白系列,按不同日龄分3次检测.结果 ①非窒息新生儿血清Cystatin C的平均值为(1.89±0.41)mg/L,血清Cys-tatin C在生后3周内不同日龄间差异无统计学意义,与身高、体重、胆红素之间无相关关系.②窒息组肾小球功能指标中血BUN、Cr、Ccr、Cystatin C、B2-MG明显高于非窒息组;窒息组肾小管功能指标中尿N.乙酰B.D.葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)明显高于非窒息组.③重度窒息组血BUN、Cr、Ccr、Cystatin C明显高于轻度窒息组;而肾小管功能指标差异无统计学意义.④肾小球功能指标中,尿Alb、IgG与血Cystatin C、血13rMG呈正相关,尿转铁蛋白(TRF)、NAG与Ccr呈正相关;肾小管功能指标中尿NAG、α1-MG与血β2-MG呈正相关.⑤随访发现,血BUN、Cr恢复正常快,尿微量蛋白系列和血β2-MG、血Cystatin C恢复较慢.结论 窒息可引起新生儿肾小球、肾小管功能改变,重度窒息对肾小球功能影响大于轻度窒息,血Cystatin C可作为评价肾小球滤过功能的敏感指标.临床可通过随访尿微量蛋白系列指标来评估肾小管、肾小球损害情况.     

母乳性黄疸对肾功能的影响及其早期干预

目的探讨母乳性黄疸(BMJ)患儿肾功能变化及早期干预对肾功能的影响。方法测定50例BMJ患儿入院后12 h内血清胆红素和尿β2-徽球蛋白(β2-MG)、α1-MG、清蛋白(Alb)、IgG及出院前尿β2-MG、α1-MG、Alb、IgG,与20例足月新生儿生理性黄疽(对照组)对比。结果BMJ患儿随血清总胆红素升高,尿微量蛋白有升高趋势,血清胆红素205.2-256.5 μmol/ L时尿β2-MG较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);血清胆红素>256.6-342.O μmol/L,β2-MG、α1-MG显著升高(P均<0.01),Alb 较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。出院前尿β2-MG、α1-MG、Alb恢复正常。结论BMJ可引起暂时肾功能损害,予早期干预治疗后肾功能很快恢复正常。     

尿IGFBP-7对危重症患儿急性肾损伤的早期预测价值

目的探讨尿胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP-7)对危重症患儿急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期预测价值。方法选择2012年5月至8月儿童重症监护病房(PICU)收治的患儿为研究对象。分为轻度AKI(AKI 1期)、严重AKI(AKI2和3期)和非AKI组。检测入PICU第一个24小时尿IGFBP-7水平,并于入PICU 24小时内行儿童死亡风险Ⅲ(PRISMⅢ)评分。以多因素logistic回归分析评估在校正混杂因素后尿IGFBP-7与AKI的关系,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评价尿IGFBP-7对危重症患儿AKI的早期预测价值。结果共纳入危重症患儿144例,21例(14.6%)在样本采集120小时内发生AKI,其中严重AKI 11例。严重AKI组入PICU第一个24小时的尿IGFBP-7水平、PRISMⅢ评分均高于轻度AKI及无AKI组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,在校正年龄、体质量、PRISMⅢ评分后,尿IGFBP-7是严重AKI的独立危险因素(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.07～8.03,P=0.037),预测危重症患儿严重AKI的AUC值为0. 79(95%CI:0. 66～0. 92,P=0. 001)。结论尿IGFBP-7是危重症患儿严重AKI的独立预测指标,具有早期预测价值。     

清洁间歇导尿联合睡眠时留置导尿对神经原性膀胱患儿上尿路影响的研究

目的 探讨清洁间歇导尿(CIC)联合睡眠时留置导尿对神经原性膀胱患儿上尿路的影响.方法 选取2007年3月至2008年2月我院尿动力学中心确诊为神经原性膀胱的患儿53例,随机分为CIC组(对照组27例)和CIC联合睡眠时留置尿管组(睡眠时留置尿管组26例).比较两组随访2年后膀胱尿路X线造影或影像尿动力学参数、尿路感染、肾积水的发生情况.结果 两组治疗后膀胱安全容量(SBC)分别为(213±24) ml和(190±21)ml、膀胱顺应性(BC)分别为(8.21±0.8)ml／cm H2O和(5.13±0.9) ml/cm H2O均有增加,膀胱漏尿点压(DLPP) (36.5±10.2)cm H2O和(42.9±11.3)cm H2O有所降低;CIC联合睡眠时留置尿管组随访时在SBC、BC和DLPP的改善方面明显高于单纯CIC组,差异有统计学意义.两组菌尿及尿路感染发生率差异无明显统计学意义(P＞0.05);肾积水、膀胱输尿管反流的改善差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CIC联合睡眠时留置尿管未见增加尿路感染机会,有助于改善神经原性膀胱患儿上尿路损害,对上尿路有保护作用.     

Changes in Renal Excretions of Electrolytes Upon an Orthostatic Postural Change in Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Changes in renal excretions of sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (CI) upon a postural change from sustained recumbency to standing and walking were examined in 146 children with chance proteinuria and/or hematuria and in 27 children with biopsy-proved diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) including membranoproliferative GN (MPGN). Renal excretions of Na, K, and CI were inhibited in children with macroscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria and in those with moderate to severe mesangial proliferative GN and MPGN. Reductions in urinary Na/K ratios, reflecting the effect of aldosterone on renal tubular reabsorption, were noted upon a postural change, but there was no significant relation between the changes in urinary Na/K ratios and glomerular lesions. These results suggest that renal excretions of Na, K, and CI are simultaneously decreased upon an orthostatic postural change in children with severe mesangial proliferative GN and MPGN.     

Ultrasonography after the first febrile urinary tract infection in children

The importance of ultrasonography after the first febrile urinary tract infection has been recently challenged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in detection of significant non-reflux abnormalities in the kidneys and the urinary tract, and to determine whether these findings influence treatment in these children. The clinical data and ultrasonography results of 155 children admitted to a university hospital with the first febrile urinary tract infection were analysed retrospectively. Renal ultrasonography was abnormal in 23 patients (14.8%). The major portion of these patients (81%) were younger than 2 years of age. Management of nine of these patients was changed based primarily on ultrasonography findings. Four of these patients were treated operatively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ultrasonography performed after the first urinary tract infection may offer clinically important information about non-reflux abnormalities in the kidneys and urinary tract that can affect the management of children with these complications.     

Quality of life: urinary bladder augmentation or substitution in children

Purpose  Bladder augmentation and substitution has been assumed to improve health-related quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence. This study was performed to elicit an evidence base for or against the above hypothesis. Methods  Between 1988 and 2006, 67 bladder augmentations and 7 bladder substitutions were performed at our institute. Inclusion criteria for the cross-sectional study were a postoperative period of more than 1 year and an age of at least 10 years at the time of operation. A multimodality treatment-specific questionnaire (comprising 38 questions) was designed and sent to 61 patients. Quality of life was investigated in all patients and between the groups of patients with meningomyelocele (Group A) versus bladder exstrophy (Group B), patients, who are catheterizing themselves via urethra (Group C) versus stoma (Group D) and patients who are using (Group E) versus not using wheelchair (Group F) following the surgery. For the statistical analysis Students t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and correlation analysis were used. Results  A significant overall improvement was found in patients quality of life following this surgery (P < 0.05). Ninety percent of patients would prefer again bladder augmentation or substitution to their previous state. Patients with meningomyelocele are changing pads or diapers more frequently than exstrophy patients because of their bowel problems postoperatively. Quality of life improved better in patients performing CIC via stoma than in patients who perform it via their native urethra (P < 0.05). Outcomes were independent of patients age and of the post-augmentation time to assessment (P < 0.05). Conclusions  Bladder augmentation or substitution significantly improved the health-related quality of life in children and young adolescents taking part in the study. The authors are planning a prospective long-term follow-up of the patients (longitudinal study) to validate the results.     

Cutaneous vesicostomy for temporary urinary diversion in children

We report our experience with cutaneous vesicostomies performed in 55 children aged less than 3 months to 8 years as a means of temporary diversion. Renal function improved or remained normal in 53 patients and hydronephrosis improved in 53 of 54 in whom it was present pre-operatively. Mucosal prolapse requiring revision occurred in 3 children. Spontaneous vesicostomy closure and stomal stenosis occurred in 2 patients each. Significant cellulitis occurred in 1 patient. Five children have required higher diversion; 35 have undergone undiversion an average of 24 months after vesicostomy creation. A vesicostomy is simple to construct and easy to manage, with minimal complications. The operation does not compromise future continence and is easily reversible. Offprint requests to: W. A. Brock     

小儿下尿路结石的微创治疗

目的探讨小儿下尿路结石的微创治疗方法和效果。方法总结治疗小儿下尿路结石64例的临床资料,其中ESWL组30例,TUPL组34例。结果两组间总的碎石成功率相似,差异无显著性意义(χ2=0.15,P>0.05),但TUPL组1次碎石成功率及1周结石排净率高于ESWL组(P<0.05),而总并发症发生率低于ESWL组(P<0.05)。结论TUPL具有安全、高效、损伤小、并发症少等优点,并避免ESWL治疗可能对小儿生殖腺造成的损害,是治疗小儿下尿路结石的首选方法。     

The influence of Depot-β 1−24-Tetracosactide and of metyrapone on the excretion of free urinary cortisol in infants

In this paper we studied the urinary output of free cortisol using two experimental conditions: the first consists of basal values, a metyrapone test and a 3-days-load with tetracosactide. The second was carried out with a single dose of tetracosactid also after basal values.After metyrapone free urinary cortisol rose slighly less than the Porter-Silberchromogens the mean of raising factors being different with a p<0,02>0,01. The increase of free urinary cortisol may be used in this condition as a parameter for judging the capacity of C-11-hydroxylating enzyme system in basal state.After tetracosactide we found in both conditions an increase of urinary free cortisol showing a lens-effect regarding the values of the Porter-Silber-chromogens.It is concluded that free urinary cortisol can be used as a very sensitive parameter for judging increased adrenal activity, at least on premise of unaltered degradation rate of cortisol.We used in this study the ^1–24 with depot-effect from N. V. Organon, Oss, Netherlands.This study was supported by a grant (Sto 45/8) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, West-Germany.     

经尿道输尿管镜U100激光治疗婴幼儿尿路结石

目的 探讨经尿道输尿管镜U100激光治疗婴幼儿尿路结石的有效性、可行性及应用价值.方法 2006年5月至2008年12月对28例尿路结石婴幼儿行经尿道输尿管镜U100激光碎石术,其中尿道结石6例,膀胱结石7例.输尿管结石11例,肾结石4例,疗效满意.结果 经尿道输尿管镜手术均成功,平均手术时间31 min,术后平均住院时间7.6 d, 输尿管及肾结石患儿术后均留置双J管,术后平均2周拔出.术后均无尿道狭窄、排尿异常、输尿管支架管脱落等.结论 经尿道输尿管镜U100激光碎石术是治疗婴幼儿尿路结石的有效方法,治疗效果理想.