多静脉途径Onyx胶介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效观察

目的观察多种静脉途径Onyx胶介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效。方法选取21例栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘病人,分别采用经股静脉-岩下窦联合Onyx胶栓塞治疗、经面静脉-眼上静脉结合Onyx胶栓塞治疗。结果 21例病人共行栓塞治疗26侧,21侧采用经股静脉-岩下窦介入栓塞治疗,5侧采用经面静脉-眼上静脉栓塞治疗;治疗后磁共振血管造影显示,23侧完全闭塞,瘘口完全消失,有3侧虽然海绵窦填塞完整,但1侧出现少量岩下窦引流,2侧出现少量翼丛引流,在压颈2个月后消失;经静脉途径Onyx胶栓塞治疗后16例病人完全治愈,治愈率90.47%;治疗后3例病人出现头痛伴有呕吐,采用西药治疗后症状明显缓解,1例病人治疗后出现外展神经麻痹,6个月后症状自行消失,无严重并发症发生;随访3个月~27个月无复发情况。结论多静脉途径Onyx胶介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效显著,可作为临床首选治疗方式。     

血管内介入治疗外伤性颈动脉-海绵窦瘘存在的问题

目的总结血管内介入治疗外伤性颈动脉一海绵窦瘘(TCCF)中存在的一些问题，探讨避免引起这些问题的技术方法。方法以可脱性球囊栓塞治疗68例TCCF患者，共进行栓塞术75次。1例经颈部切开穿刺，以球囊栓塞；2例经眼静脉入路以微弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦，其余则经股动脉入路栓塞。结果颈内动脉通畅率为66．2％，有3例在瘘口近端闭塞颈内动脉，有5例在栓塞术后3d内球囊过早泄漏，再次行栓塞术，1例栓塞瘘口后出现假性动脉瘤，1例出现眼静脉的动静脉瘘。结论以可脱性球囊栓塞TCCF是可靠的方法，但目前球囊的性能有待提高，以微弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦瘘可提高颈内动脉通畅率．双侧股动脉穿刺置管可减少并发症。     

覆膜支架治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的临床分析

目的探讨覆膜支架对外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗效果。方法自2003年10月—2008年3月,采用覆膜支架治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘10例。结果10例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的患者中,9例覆膜支架置入成功,其中在3例患者释放支架后,出现少许对比剂内漏,2例以更高的压力再次充胀球囊扩张后,内漏消失;另1例再扩后仍有内漏,置入第2枚覆膜支架后,内漏完全消除。10例中的另1例为患侧颈总动脉及颈内动脉过于迂曲,支架不能到位,在证实侧支循环代偿良好及球囊闭塞试验阴性后,给予可脱性球囊闭塞患侧颈内动脉。所有患者均无手术相关的并发症发生。DSA随访7例,原病变未显示,载瘘动脉通畅。结论对于外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘,覆膜支架是有效的血管内治疗手段。覆膜支架的制作工艺仍有待发展和优化,使其适用于脑血管系统的不同部位应用。     

球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的疗效分析

目的探讨球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）的安全性及有效性。 方法四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院神经外科自2018年1月至2020年6月共收治CCF患者19例,均采用球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶介入治疗。其中11例岩下窦开放者行经岩下窦静脉途径栓塞治疗,另8例行经颈内动脉瘘口动脉途径栓塞。 结果19例患者栓塞后即刻造影显示海绵窦瘘口完全封闭。术后常规复查头颅CT,未见栓塞剂异位栓塞表现,无新发神经功能障碍表现。所有患者于术后即刻眼静脉症状及颅鸣耳鸣症状均有明显缓解,1~2周内逐步消失。而存在颅神经麻痹症状患者,眼外肌麻痹症状缓解则相对缓慢。 结论通过三维成像后处理剪辑技术,可精准判断瘘口位置;无论经动脉或静脉入路,封堵球囊可精准封闭瘘口,在栓塞过程中使弹簧圈及Onxy胶尽可能接近瘘口附近,从而减少费用,同时提高CCF治疗的安全性及有效性,减少并发症。     

旋转DSA配合介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的效果及旋转数字减影血管造影术(DSA)和三维血管重建在显示瘘口位置、大小及与周围血管关系中的应用.方法 经动脉入路对11例老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者进行栓塞治疗,应用旋转DSA和三维血管重建寻找瘘口,采用可脱性球囊、电解可控弹簧圈(GDC)等多种材料栓塞病变侧海绵窦,同时闭塞瘘口.术后6～24个月对全部11例患者进行全脑血管造影复查.结果 9例行球囊及GDC栓塞瘘口的患者术后即刻造影显示瘘口完全闭塞,2例患侧颈内动脉完全闭塞,无复发.结论 在旋转DSA和三维血管重建的配合下栓塞老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断与球囊栓塞治疗(附96例报告)

目的 探讨颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的血管造影特点及用可脱球囊栓塞的效果。方法 96例均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)，显示瘘口部位及大小后行可脱球囊栓塞治疗。结果 96例中，89例1次栓塞成功；7例术后复发，瘘口再通，第2次栓塞成功。13例闭塞颈内动脉。结论 CCF球囊栓塞为首选治疗方法。术中应尽量保留颈内动脉通畅。     

介入疗法治疗外伤性颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘(附52例报告)

外伤性颈内动脉 -海绵窦瘘 (Carotid cavernousfistular,CCF)是指外伤致海绵窦段的颈内动脉壁或其分支发生破裂 ,导致与海绵窦之间形成的异常动静脉通路。 2 0世纪 70年代以前 CCF是外科治疗的一个难题 ,1 972年 Serbinenko首次应用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗 CCF获得成功[1 ] ,随着先进 DSA机的出现 ,以及优质的导管、球囊、弹簧圈等栓塞材料的应用 ,血管内栓塞治疗 CCF已成为本病的首选治疗方法 [2 ] 。 1 989～ 2 0 0 3年 ,我们对 52例 CCF患者采用血管内栓塞治疗 ,取得满意效果。现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 37例 ,女 1 5例 ;年龄 1…     

经未显影静脉窦栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经未显影静脉窦栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析92例经未显影静脉窦栓塞治疗的DAVF患者的临床资料，其中病变位于海绵窦区91例，侧窦区1例。经颈内静脉的起始段探查未显影岩下窦，进入引流静脉窦内栓塞海绵窦区DAVF；通过颈内静脉探查未显影乙状窦，进入静脉窦栓塞侧窦区DAVF。首选可控纤毛弹簧圈进行栓塞，待血流减慢以后，用游离纤毛弹簧圈继续栓塞。若仍存在少量瘘口，通过静脉窦内注射液体栓塞剂（25％～33％Glubran或Onyx18），观察置管的成功率、安全性和栓塞的疗效。术后6个月通过电话、门诊或DSA随访。结果92例患者中，均未出现并发症，无死亡病例。1例海绵窦区DAVF患者置管失败；其余91例患者均顺利置管，并成功进行静脉栓塞。所有患者栓塞后即刻造影，均未见异常静脉窦早显，瘘口消失，达到了影像学上治愈。置管成功率及治愈率均为99％（91／92）。术后6个月对38例进行随访，无一例DAVF复发。对其余患者进行电话或门诊随访。所有患者临床症状好转或消失。结论经未显影静脉窦栓塞治疗DAVF，尤其对于海绵窦区DAVF，经未显影岩下窦超选择置管进行栓塞，具有较高的可行性、安全性及有效性，可作为海绵窦区DAVF的首选常规治疗方法。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗:20例回顾性病例系列研究

目的 评价血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(traumatic carotid-cavernousfistula,TCCF)的临床效果.方法 20例TCCF患者,10例采用可脱性球囊栓塞,4例采用可脱性球囊结合弹簧圈栓塞,2例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,3例采用弹簧圈结合Onyx胶栓塞,1例采用覆膜支架置入术.其中,有2例因球囊早泄而再次栓塞.结果 20例患者一次性栓塞成功18例,二次栓塞成功2例.颈内动脉通畅率100％,未发生手术相关并发症.结论 血管内栓塞是治疗TCCF的一种简单、安全和疗效可靠的方法.     

中间导管“特洛伊木马”技术输送Willis覆膜支架行颅内动脉腔内隔绝术治疗颈内动脉海绵窦病变

目的初步评价在颅内血管迂曲情况下,采用中间导管"特洛伊木马"技术,输送Willis覆膜支架至目标位置,实施颅内动脉腔内隔绝术治疗颈内动脉海绵窦病变的效果。方法回顾性纳入2018年1月至2月常州市第一人民医院神经外科2例颈内动脉海绵窦病变患者的临床资料。使用Willis覆膜支架,对1例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)和1例颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤进行动脉腔内隔绝血管重建术。由于患者血管迂曲,采用Navien中间导管"特洛伊木马"技术输送Willis支架到位,即在同轴导管系统下,先将5 F Navien中间导管头端越过病变部位,然后将Willis支架在中间导管内输送至病变部位,再回撤中间导管,Willis支架即可定位在病变血管段。结果 (1)2例术中Willis支架均顺利到位,球囊扩张后释放。1例TCCF因为支架在海绵窦近端弯曲处,回撤球囊支架略有移位,术后即刻造影显示略有对比剂内漏。对另1例颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤即刻造影,显示载瘤动脉通畅、动脉瘤不显影。(2)2例患者在术后1、3个月复查CT血管成像,显示血管重建良好。支架置入后1个月随访TCCF患者,突眼及杂音症状消失;术后3个月随访颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤患者,头痛症状消失,右侧动眼神经麻痹明显缓解。结论在迂曲颅内动脉使用中间导管"特洛伊木马"技术输送Willis覆膜支架到位,具有辅助作用,较传统颅内动脉腔内隔绝技术初显优势。     

Spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery. Three case reports

Three cases of spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of the vertebral artery (VAF) are reported. In one case the only symptom was a cervical bruit; in the other two cases, symptoms of multiple cervical radiculopathy were also observed. Definitive diagnostic findings were obtained by Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. Clinical signs of radiculopathy disappeared after endovascular balloon occlusion of the fistula, in about 1 month. In one case the vertebral artery was occluded without clinical consequences.     

Complications associated with brachytherapy alone or with laser in lung cancer

Relatively little has been reported about destruction through brachytherapy of mucosa-perforating and extraluminary tumors with probable large vessel involvement causing major hemorrhagic or fistular complications. We report 12 patients subjected to laser and brachytherapy for centrally occluding lung cancer, whom we have periodically followed up from June 1986 until they died. Although all laser procedures were free from complications, necrotic cavitation in five cases, two of which were accompanied by large bronchoesophageal fistulas, and massive fatal hemoptysis occurred in six. Minor complications included radiation mucositis (two), noncritical mucosal scarring (two), and cough (four). Characteristics that will identify patients at risk of developing fatal hemoptysis and fistulas should be better defined by imaging and endoscopic techniques. In such cases, modifying the protocol or using alternative procedures should be considered. Minor complications, such as cough, can be avoided by using topical steroid therapy (eg, beclomethasone dipropionate).     

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??Abstract??Cerebrovascular dissection??including carotid arterial dissection and vertebral arterial dissection??is an important cause of stroke??especially in young and mid-adult patients.With the widespread use of noninvasive imaging (i.e.magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography)??the diagnostic rate of arterial dissection has increased.Treatment methods for cerebral arterial dissection include antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy??thrombolysis??and endovascular or surgical interventions.Endovascular methods have several advantages??i.e.??a low proportion of perioperative complications and immediate reconstruction of the vessels.Especially in certain cases??endovascular therapy is a safe and useful method.     

Extracranial revascularization therapy: Angioplasty and stenting

Opinion statement  Beginning with simple balloon angioplasty, minimally invasive revascularization techniques have progressed to the use of metallic stents for improved immediate and long-term results. Stent-supported angioplasty now offers a therapeutic option for those individuals ineligible for surgical revascularization of stenotic atherosclerotic lesions and who have failed maximal medical therapy. However, the clinical equivalence, or possibly even superiority, of angioplasty of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries in atheromatous occlusive disease over surgical revascularization has yet to be determined in ongoing randomized controlled trials. Additionally, endovascular techniques offer treatment for a variety of nonatherosclerotic disease affecting the extracranial arteries, such as inflammatory, radiation-induced, and postsurgical strictures; acute intimal dissection; traumatic and spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas; and aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms. For certain disease entities at high risk for surgical complications, endovascular procedures have gained preference as the therapeutic modality of choice, yet lacking controlled trials providing evidence for noninferiority against surgical approach. Continued innovation and refinement of endovascular technology and techniques will further improve technical success, reduce procedurerelated morbidity, and broaden the endovascular therapeutic spectrum for extracranial and intracranial cerebrovascular disease.     

Extracranial revascularization therapy: Angioplasty and stenting

Opinion statement Beginning with simple balloon angioplasty, minimally invasive revascularization techniques have progressed to the use of metallic stents for improved immediate and long-term results. Stent-supported angioplasty now offers a therapeutic option for those individuals ineligible for surgical revascularization of stenotic atherosclerotic lesions and who have failed maximal medical therapy. However, the clinical equivalence, or possibly even superiority, of angioplasty of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries in atheromatous occlusive disease over surgical revascularization has yet to be determined in ongoing randomized controlled trials. Additionally, endovascular techniques offer treatment for a variety of nonatherosclerotic disease affecting the extracranial arteries, such as inflammatory, radiation-induced, and postsurgical strictures; acute intimal dissection; traumatic and spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas; and aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms. For certain disease entities at high risk for surgical complications, endovascular procedures have gained preference as the therapeutic modality of choice, yet lacking controlled trials providing evidence for noninferiority against surgical approach. Continued innovation and refinement of endovascular technology and techniques will further improve technical success, reduce procedurerelated morbidity, and broaden the endovascular therapeutic spectrum for extracranial and intracranial cerebrovascular disease.     

Percutaneous endovascular occlusion of symptomatic coronary arteriovenous fistulas with cyanoacrylate

We describe four cases with symptomatic coronary artery fistulas that were treated primarily with endovascular cyanoacrylate embolization. Coils were also used as adjunctive embolic agents in two of these cases. All four cases showed symptomatic improvement after closure of the fistulas. Complications occurred in three cases including transient ST-segment elevation in one, symptomatic pulmonary embolization in a second, and transient pleuritic chest pain, pericarditis and acute renal failure in a third. The technical aspects of all four cases are given together with a review of the use of cyanoacrylate as an embolic material. We conclude that cyanoacrylate embolization could be considered as an alternative technique for the endovascular closure of coronary artery fistulas but must also caution that the use of this embolic agent is hazardous and should be restricted to practitioners experienced in its usage.     

Arteriovenous fistulas after median sternotomy--report of 2 cases and review of the literature

We report 2 cases of arteriovenous fistulas as a very rare complication following median sternotomy. In the first case a fistula was observed between the right internal mammary artery and vein caused by a sternal wire. The second patient developed a fistula between the innominate artery and left innominate vein after suture repair of a slight hemorrhage from the innominate vein. The latter localization has not been previously described. In both cases the fistulas were discovered by a continuous murmur appearing 12 and 11 days postoperatively. The therapy consisted of resternotomy and resection of the fistulas. The literature is reviewed and etiology, diagnosis and therapy are discussed.     

An aortoduodenal fistula as a complication of immunoglobulin G4-related disease

Most primary aortoduodenal fistulas occur in the presence of an aortic aneurysm, which can be part of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing disease. We present a case who underwent endovascular grafting of an aortoduodenal fistula associated with a high serum IgG4 level. A 56-year-old male underwent urgent endovascular reconstruction of an aortoduodenal fistula. The patient received antibiotics and other supportive therapy, and the postoperative course was uneventful, however, elevated levels of serum IgG, IgG4 and C-reactive protein were noted, which normalized after the introduction of steroid therapy. Control computed tomography angiography showed no endoleaks. The primary aortoduodenal fistula may have been associated with IgG4-related sclerosing disease as a possible complication of IgG4-related inflammatory aortic aneurysm. Endovascular grafting of a primary aortoduodenal fistula is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to standard surgical repair.