空回肠长度及肠动脉的观测

本文对空回肠的长度与肠动脉的支数、直径及长度等作了调查,特别注意了空回肠与肠动脉弓级数的关系。每1/4段肠系膜内动脉弓的级数,从空肠始端至回肠末端的排列,在41例中,出现17种类型。其中以2—3—3—2、2—3—3—3及2—2—3—2型较常见,2—3—3—2型为主型,这与一般教科书所载极不一致。空回肠交界处的肠动脉序数以第6、7者为多,可以此作为手术中区分空回肠的标志之一。     

空肠和回肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的观测

目的　通过对空、回肠直动脉分支类型的观察、测量不同类型直动脉管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度 ,探讨空、回肠血供形态的异同 ,为临床空、回肠疾病手术、器官移植、介入治疗提供形态学依据。方法　选取 15具成人及 2～ 6岁小儿 10具进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离直动脉 ,将空回肠均分 5段观测相关指标。结果　成人空肠 (1、2段 )及回肠 (3～ 5段 )直动脉起始处外管径 (mm)分别为 0 6 8± 0 18、0 72± 0 0 1、0 6 1± 0 0 2、0 5 3± 0 0 3和 0 5 1± 0 0 1,相邻分支间距 (mm)分别为 2 89± 1 72、2 79± 2 0 6、2 2 1± 1 6 4、2 17± 1 17及 2 85± 0 4 6 ;空、回肠直动脉长、短干型分支供血能力不同 ;空肠器官表面动脉吻合网面密度大于回肠。结论　直动脉分支类型、管径、间距及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度对空、回肠血供影响较大。     

回盲部器官表面动脉的形态特点

目的 探讨回盲部器官表面动脉形态特征,为临床提供回盲部器官微血管构筑的解剖学资料.方法 通过动脉乳胶灌注、解剖剥离的方法,观察回盲部器官表面的血供特点.结果 回肠直动脉发出长短支各一支,其中长支沿肠侧壁与长轴近似垂直抵达对系膜缘,与对侧长支吻合;短支行于两长支之间,供应系膜缘肠壁并与长支形成吻合.盲肠边缘动脉发长支到达肠壁多行于结肠袋之间的浆膜下,并发许多小支供给系膜带侧2/3的肠壁,其末支穿过网膜带及独立带分布到系膜带对侧1/3的肠壁;短支在肠壁外起于长支、长支间的细交通支或边缘动脉,逐渐穿入肠壁肌层后分布到系膜带侧2/3的肠壁.结论 回盲部器官表面动脉以系膜缘为优;该部器官表面动脉与器官内微血管构筑之间的关系有待进一步探讨.     

小儿空回肠的年龄解剖学研究

分六个年龄组观测了180具（男100，女80）小儿尸的空回肠位置，肠袢排列，小肠系膜根走行，空回肠长度及其与年龄（身长）之间的关系，小儿Ⅰ-Ⅲ组空回肠的长度增长较快，相对较长，其他组相对增长较慢，较短。     

动脉壁的弹性纤维

弹性纤维是动脉壁的主要成分之一,它富于伸展性,能自动产生弹性张力而不消耗生化能量,在正常压力下对血管壁起支撑作用,抵抗管壁的塌陷,抵制平滑肌收缩所致的血管闭合倾向。在弹性动脉,弹性纤维的四缩力可将动脉的血流转化为常流。因此,弹性纤维与动脉的静态及动态力学性质有关。 对于动脉弹性纤维的知识有助于了解动脉的     

右心室壁内的动脉构筑

本文对50例成人离体心标本分别用铸型法、X线造影法和墨汁注射火棉胶切片法作右心室壁内及乳头肌的动脉构筑研究。与左心室柑同,可将右室壁内的动脉分为心外膜支、树枝状支、直支和乳头肌支四种类型。与左心室不同的是树枝状支在右室壁内匍匐斜行一段距离后再分支到右室壁的部分或全层心肌,它也分支到达肉柱。直支以斜行或直角纵主干上发出分支分布于右室壁肌肉并可达肉柱。乳头肌血管类型有钩形和叉形,但类型较左心室乳头肌少。心壁内可见少数心内膜下丛。多数乳头肌至少有二个以上的血管供应,少数小的乳头肌为单一动脉支配呈单支中央型。用图像分析仪对左、右心室壁及乳头肌的毛细血管密度和支数进行了对比。对右室壁内和乳头肌内的小血管和毛细血管形态与心肌的关系作了观察。讨论了它们形态和功能的一致性,以及对心肌梗塞的应用意义。     

动脉壁弹性纤维结构及生物学特性

弹性纤维是血管的重要组成成分,在动脉粥样硬化、血管内膜增生、高血压等疾患中弹性纤维的改变是十分明显的,它的结构及生物学特性是对弹性纤维进行深入研究的基础。本文综述了弹性纤维的分子生物学特性、病理变化、发育变化、结构及构筑。弹性纤维作为生物体内广泛存在的细胞基质,在组织工程中应当受到重视。     

动脉圆锥的动脉解剖学观察

目的 动脉圆锥的动脉解剖学观察。方法 在50例经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成年国人尸体上及在5例冠状动脉塑型标本上解剖观察心脏动脉圆锥的动脉供应。结果 动脉圆锥的动脉大都来源于右冠状动脉的圆锥支和左冠状动脉前室间支的动脉圆锥支,它们大都在动脉圆锥部吻合。结论 本文研究了动脉圆锥部的动脉供应及其吻合,为临床应用提供了形态学依据。     

示踪剂透过动脉壁的数学模型及其精确解

考虑到动脉壁内皮有丝分裂细胞大缝隙的存在，对示踪剂透过动脉壁的传输问题，建立了新的数学模型，并得到了该模型的精确解。通过计算机模拟，直观地表明内皮有丝分裂细胞大缝隙的存在，是导致示踪剂在动脉壁中的浓度分布高度局部化的一个不可低估的因素。     

颞浅动脉额支的观测及其临床意义

目的为颞动脉活检提供颞浅动脉额支相关的解剖学资料。方法对16具防腐成人尸体标本进行解剖,对颞浅动脉额支进行相关的解剖学观测、测量。结果①颞浅动脉额支在起点和末梢分叉点之间的长度为(45.93±7.29)mm;②颞浅动脉额支在起点和末梢分叉点的坐标值分别为(22.95±3.81,17.32±4.54)mm和(59.93±8.94,37.48±5.37)mm;③颞浅动脉额支在起点和末梢分叉点之间直线相关,直线回归方程为y赞=7.06+0.50X,相关系数r=0.68,P<0.001。结论深入了解颞浅动脉额支的解剖学特点及其与周围结构的解剖学关系,有利于颞动脉活检中颞浅动脉额支的定位及防止周围结构的损伤。     

颞浅动脉额支的定位观测及其对眉再造的意义

目的：为颞浅动脉额支岛状头皮瓣再造眉提供解剖学基础。方法：解剖６３侧成人头面部标本,建立坐标定点测量颞浅血管额支的位置。结果：①颞浅动脉额支Ｅ点的ｘ值与Ｃ点的ｘ值呈直线相关,＾ｙ＝－２．８２＋０．８８ｘ。②颞浅动脉额支在ＡＢ、ＤＥ、ＥＦ段的倾斜角分别为４７．１°±１８．９°、８４．４°±３３．７°、７６．９°±１２．８°。③颞浅动脉额支在Ａ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｈ点与同名静脉间的距离分别为６．１±３．６ｍｍ、８．６±５．２ｍｍ、１０．４±７．３ｍｍ、１９．８±８．９ｍｍ。结论：①颞浅动脉额支Ｅ点可作为血管蒂旋转轴点;②选择扇形血管蒂有利于血运。     

The superficial ulnar artery: incidence and calibre in 95 cadaveric specimens

The superficial ulnar artery (SUA) is an anatomical variation of the upper limb vasculature with a prevalence of 0.7-9.4% in the population. The importance of this variant is that it may be cannulated inadvertently by an unsuspecting physician, leading to possible ischemia of the hand. With the growing use of radial forearm flaps, the surgeon needs to be aware of its presence during surgery and be able to adapt the procedure accordingly. The aims of the study focus on the incidence and calibre of the SUA. Ninety-five cadaveric limbs were dissected and the calibre of the different arteries measured. Four SUAs (4.2%) were found, all in male cadavers. Two of these were from the same cadaver. Measurements of the calibre of the vessels showed that the SUA was smaller than the ulnar artery. Of the limbs dissected, 4.2% had an SUA, which is a similar prevalence to other studies in Western Europe. It is most commonly found in males, unilaterally and in the right upper limb. It is extremely rare to experience consequences from intra-arterial cannulation and the SUA may have more of a beneficial role in reconstructive fasciocutaneous forearm flaps.     

腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣在膝部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的:观察腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣修复膝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法:回顾性研究。纳入2014年8月—2019年12月毕节市第一人民医院烧伤整形手外科9例膝部皮肤软组织缺损患者,其中男5例、女4例,年龄42～69岁(平均61.1岁),左侧6例、右侧3例。致伤原因：重物砸伤1例,火焰烧伤1例,车祸伤1例,摔伤2例,火炉...     

Surgical anatomy of the superficial temporal artery to prevent facial nerve injury during arterial biopsy

To investigate the topographical relationship between the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FSTA) and the temporal branch of the facial nerve (TFN) with the aim of preventing nerve injury during FSTA biopsy. Fifty‐seven hemifaces of 33 cadavers were dissected. Vertical lines drawn to the lateral orbital margin (LOM) and the superior root of the helix were used as the anterior and posterior reference positions, respectively. Horizontal lines drawn through the supraorbital margin and lateral canthus were used as the superior and inferior reference points, respectively. The depth and course relationships of the FSTA and TFN were examined. Midpoints between the FSTA and TFN are situated approximately 6.0 and 4.5 cm posterior to the lateral orbital margin at the levels of the lateral canthus and supraorbital margin, respectively. The TFN is generally situated 1–2 cm anteriorly and inferiorly to the FSTA in the temporal region. However, in two cases (3.6%), the TFN ran just underneath the FSTA with only a very small safe distance, making it highly vulnerable to iatrogenic injury. In conclusion, when performing an FSTA biopsy, the surgeon should not dissect below the superficial temporal fascia because there is an overlap between the course of the FSTA and the TFN in a minority of cases. Also, surgical incisions should be made outside the area delineated by an oblique line passing through the points 6.0 and 4.5 cm posterior to the lateral orbital margin at the levels of the lateral canthus and the supraorbital margin, respectively. Clin. Anat. 31:608–613, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

以颞浅血管为蒂的耳后乳突区皮瓣的应用解剖

在17侧防腐尸体上于颞浅动脉内推注染料,观察其对耳后乳突区皮瓣的血供。耳后乳突区皮肤的血供除来自耳后动脉外.还有颞浅动脉顶支发出的耳后支直接分布。顶支与耳后动脉之间有一血管吻合区域.临床6例活体观察证实了上述结果。应用以颞浅血管为蒂的耳后乳突区皮瓣,进行颜面器官的修复再造14例,获得良好效果。     

以颈横动脉浅支为蒂肩胛冈骨瓣枕颈融合术的应用解剖

目的：为枕颈融合术提供带血管蒂骨瓣转位术的应用解剖学基础。方法：在３０侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本上，解剖观测颈横动脉浅支的走行、分支及分布；另在１侧标本上摹拟手术设计。结果：颈横动脉浅支主要分支有肩胛冈支和斜方肌支。肩胛冈支外径１．６±０．３ｍｍ，长度４．９±０．６ｃｍ；斜方肌支可分为升支和降支，其中升支水平横向正中线，在第７颈椎棘突附近与颈深动脉后支及邻近皮支相吻合，斜方肌支—升支长达６．７ｃｍ，起始外径１．５±０．３ｍｍ。结论：在颈横动脉肩胛冈支和斜方肌支分支前结扎动脉干，可以斜方肌支—肩胛冈支为蒂设计肩胛冈骨瓣转位行枕颈融合的术式。     

Bilateral case of superficial ulnar artery originating from axillary artery

During the dissection of an 86-year-old male human cadaver, superficial ulnar arteries were found in both upper limbs. These arteries branched from the axillary arteries. In the left arm, the artery crossed ventral to the medial root of the median nerve before running towards the medial part of the arm. The persistence of the median artery was noted. In the right arm, the ulnar artery had a common origin with the subscapular artery. It crossed anterior to the lateral root of the median nerve and then, in the arm, ran alongside the anterolateral aspect of the median nerve, near the biceps brachii muscle, which was supplied by this superficial ulnar artery. Then the artery crossed the median nerve and the brachial artery. The embryology, incidence and clinical relevance of this anatomical variation are discussed. So this was a rare case where the ulnar arteries originated from the axillary artery on both sides, but then followed different courses in the arm and, on the right side, the superficial ulnar artery partly supplied the biceps brachii muscle.     

An unusual variation of the superficial ulnar artery

Anomalous superficial ulnar arteries were found bilaterally during routine dissection of the upper limbs of a 60-year-old male cadaver. In the left arm, the superficial ulnar artery originated from the axillary artery. It crossed the median nerve anteriorly and ran anteromedial to this nerve and the brachial artery. The superficial ulnar artery was also rudimentary and gave rise to only a narrow muscular branch to the biceps brachii. In the hand, it anastomosed with the radial artery, completing the superficial palmar arch. The radial artery was larger than usual and the deep palmar arch was formed only by the radial artery. In the right arm, the superficial ulnar artery originated from the brachial artery at the level of the inter-epicondylar line. Additionally there were “inverse palmaris longus muscles” bilaterally. This was a rare case in which the superficially ulnar artery originated from a different source on each side accompanied by anomalies of the palmar arches on one side.     

Superficial ulnar artery terminating in a normal ulnar artery

Routine dissection of the left upper limb of an 86-year-old male cadaver showed a superficial ulnar artery that anastomosed with the ulnar artery. The superficial ulnar artery arose from the third part of the axillary artery, coursed distally over the flexor muscles of the forearm, and terminated by anastomosing with the ulnar artery in the distal third of the forearm. Arterial and neural variations were also observed on the contralateral side. The presence of a superficial ulnar artery is important clinically when raising forearm flaps in reconstructive surgery.