带血管筋膜蒂桡骨茎突骨膜骨瓣修复舟状骨骨不连

舟状骨骨折、骨不连的发病率较高，影响手腕关节功能。我们于2000年2月～2003年10月，用带血管筋膜蒂桡骨茎突骨膜骨瓣治疗舟状骨骨不连10例，报告如下。     

胎儿骨植入治疗腕舟状骨骨不连23例

胎儿骨植入治疗腕舟状骨骨不连２３例新疆武警总队医院（８３００００）杨海震，焦国堂，刘天平自１９９１年以来，对２３例腕舟状骨陈旧骨折骨不连患者采用胎儿骨植入法治疗。均在九个月内愈合，报告如下。临床资料２３例中男１９例，女４例；年龄１０～４５岁；均系外伤...     

Herbert螺钉内固定加带桡动脉返支茎突骨膜骨瓣植入治疗腕舟状骨陈旧性骨折

目的探讨Herbert螺钉内固定加带桡动脉返支茎突骨膜骨瓣植入治疗腕舟状骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法自2006年6月至2010年12月采用Herbert螺钉内固定加带桡动脉返支茎突骨膜骨瓣植入治疗腕舟状骨陈旧性骨折16例。结果 15例患者随访5～24个月,全部达优良,骨折全部愈合。根据Constant-Murley评分,治疗前与治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论对于腕舟状骨骨不连,采用带蒂桡动脉返支茎突骨膜骨瓣加Herbert螺钉内固定为腕舟状骨不连提供一种理想且有效的治疗方法。     

带桡动脉返支桡骨骨瓣加Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟状骨骨不连

目的探讨带桡动脉返支桡骨骨瓣加Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟状骨骨不连的疗效。方法对16例腕部舟状骨骨不连患者采用带桡动脉返支桡骨骨瓣加Herbert螺钉内固定治疗。结果 16例均获随访,时间12～24个月。采用Herbert和Fisher的舟骨骨折分级评分系统评价,患者满意度:7例为0级,9例为1级;临床结果:8例为0级,8例为1级;放射学检查结果:骨折均愈合,无畸形,均为0级。结论采用带桡动脉返支桡骨骨瓣加Herbert螺钉内固定治疗舟状骨骨不连疗效满意。     

植骨内固定和血管束植入术治疗腕舟状骨骨不连

腕舟状骨骨折,尤其是腰部骨折后常出现近端缺血坏死,发生骨不连,导致腕关节疼痛,功能障碍。１９９３年９月以来,我们采用游离植骨,克氏针内固定、第二掌背动脉血管束植入术治疗腕舟状骨骨不连１２例,效果满意。临床资料本组男９例,女３例,年龄１９～４５岁。右侧...     

腕关节镜辅助治疗舟状骨骨折研究进展

舟状骨骨折作为最常见的腕骨骨折,不仅易漏诊和误诊,而且治疗不当很容易引起延迟愈合或不愈合。对于稳定性舟状骨骨折患者,一般可采取石膏固定;对于不稳定性舟状骨骨折及骨不愈合患者,可采取腕关节镜辅助经皮螺钉内固定,其中舟状骨远极及腰部骨折采用掌侧入路,近极骨折采用背侧入路。该文就舟状骨骨折诊断、分型及治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

第二掌骨远端血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗舟状骨骨折后骨不连

自1995年8月至2006年06月，我院采用第二掌骨远端带血管蒂骨瓣治疗舟状骨骨折后骨不连32例，取得良好的效果。     

带筋膜蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连

腕舟状骨骨折并发骨不连,属难治性骨折。我院于1989年5月～1999年6月对腕舟骨骨不连患者,采用带筋膜蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗9例,收到较好的效果,现报告如下。     

手术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的研究进展

舟状骨骨折是腕骨最常见的骨折之一,在临床诊断中由于常被延误或未被诊断,进而直接或间接地影响舟状骨骨折的愈合效果,导致延迟愈合和骨不连的发生率较高。国内外学者通过临床实验探索多种可治疗和减少舟状骨骨折延迟愈合和不愈合的手术方法,其中有些手术方法为目前研究的热点。本文就其具体手术治疗方式进行详细阐述,以期探索手术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的最佳途径,以期对临床有指导意义。     

腕舟状骨骨折的诊治

腕舟状骨骨折是腕骨中最常见的骨折之一 ,占腕骨骨折的 71 2 % ,其延迟愈合和骨不连的发生率较高 ,在临床上诊断常被延误 ,诊断和治疗的延误可能改变骨折愈合的结果。1　病　因腕舟状骨骨折最常见于年轻人 ,致伤机制为跌倒时手掌张开着地导致腕关节过度伸展并轻度桡偏所致。 17%的病人合并有其它腕骨和前臂的骨折 ,包括经手舟状骨月骨周围脱位、大多角骨骨折、Ｂｅｎｎｅｔｔ骨折、桡骨头骨折、月骨脱位和桡骨远端骨折。手舟状骨的解剖形态及血供造成其易发生延迟愈合或不愈合甚至缺血性坏死的原因。舟状骨细长 ,腰部较细 ,对外部暴力的抵抗…     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.