D—二聚体在冠心病中的应用价值

目的　评价血浆D -二聚体 (D -dimer,DD)在诊断冠心病及急性心肌梗死 (AMI)溶栓治疗疗效的临床应用价值。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测心绞痛、陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI)及急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者血浆DD含量 (AMI患者发病后进行连续测定 ) ,并比较其结果。结果　 2 0例健康对照组DD为 0 .40±0 .31mg/L ,18例心绞痛患者DD为 0 .5 6± 0 .35mg/L ,16例OMI患者DD为 0 .6 1± 0 .47mg/L ,8例未接受溶栓的AMI患者DD为 1.0 1± 0 .5 2mg/L。 15例接受溶栓治疗的AMI患者DD为 2 .92± 1.0 3mg/L(其中 12例溶栓有效者为 3.0 5± 1.0 5mg/L)。 结论　血浆DD测定不仅可作为观察心肌梗死病情的指标 ,对溶栓药物的疗效监测也具有重要价值     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病早期死亡临床分析

目的 分析急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)患者早期死亡原因,探讨其预防措施.方法 分析11例早期死亡患者的临床资料.结果 早期死亡率占13.4%(11/82),11例患者中,极早期死亡(确诊5天内)4例,早期死亡(确诊后6至15天内死亡)7例,除2例分别死于呼吸衰竭及感染外,其余9例均死于脑出血,10例合并DIC,7例死亡时周血白细胞大于50×109/L,死亡时血小板均小于25×109/L.结论 APL患者应用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)诱导分化出现高白细胞的APL易于早期死亡;并与DIC的发生和治疗措施有关,应尽早化疗及处理高白细胞综合症和积极治疗DIC.     

维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病致高白细胞症临床观察

全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)诱导缓解急性早幼粒细胞性白血病 (APL )疗效显著。但在治疗早中期 ,约 33%～ 80 %病例可发生高白细胞症。我院自 1990年 5月～ 1998年 10月用ATRA治疗 APL 2 0例 ,高白细胞症发生率为 90 % ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 2 0例中 ,男 15例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 8～ 6 4岁 ,平均 32± 19岁。均符合 FAB分类标准的 M3型。治疗前骨髓早幼粒细胞占 6 0 %～ 94% ,外周血白细胞 (0 .4～ 30 )× 10 9/ L ,中位数 2 .5× 10 9/ L。1.2　治疗方法　所有病例均用 ATRA诱导分化 ,40～80 mg/ d,直至骨髓完全缓解。2　…     

全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效分析

全反式维甲酸 ( ATRA)是维生素 A的衍生物 ,作为一种细胞分化诱导剂 ,对急性早幼粒细胞白血病 ( APL )具有独特的疗效。现将我院用该方法收治的 18例 APL病例报告如下。18例均为 APL的初治病例 ,女性 8例 ,男性 10例。年龄在 18～ 2 4岁之间 ,平均年龄为 33岁。每日ATRA的治疗剂量 :给予 ATRA30～ 80 mg,分次口服直至达完全缓解。结果 :1应用不着 ATRA后合并 DIC情况 :18例患者中无 1例因应用 ATRA后合并 DIC,并有 1例应用 ATRA前已合并 DIC,但经过治疗后达完全缓解。 2 ATRA治疗后外周血白细胞的变化情况 :18例中 17例…     

凝血因子检测对肝脏疾病的临床应用

[目的 ]探讨肝脏疾病对凝血机制和纤溶活化功能的影响 ,分析其与肝脏损害程度的关系。[方法 ]采用ACL - 2 0 0型美国库尔特全自动血凝仪分别检测肝炎 33例 ;肝硬化 4 0例 ;肝癌 2 8例 ;正常人 4 0例 ,血凝血酶原时间 (PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT)和纤维蛋白原 (FIB ) ;采用胶体金方法测定血浆D -二聚体。[结果 ]肝炎组的PT(1 3.6± 1 .0 6 )s ,APTT (32 .4± 4 .5 7)s ,FIB(2 .5 7± 0 .4 6 )g/L ,D -二聚体 (0 .89± 0 .2 2 )mg/L ;肝硬化组PT (1 7.7± 5 .6 0 )s ,APTT(4 3.4± 1 3.3)s,FIB (2 .1 0± 0 .88)g/L ,D -二聚体 (2 .4 6± 0 .6 1 )mg/L ;肝癌组PT(1 5 .0 5± 2 .74 )s,APTT (36 .8± 5 .5 5 )s ,FIB(3.5 0± 1 .1 6 )g/L ,D -二聚体 (2 .31± 0 .8)mg/L ;它们与正常组PT(1 3.0 2± 0 .6 2 )s ;(APTT32 .0± 2 .0 )s;FIB (2 .81± 0 .78)g/L ;D -二聚体 (0 .4 5± 0 .1 1 )mg/L比较有不同程度的差异。 [结论 ]不同病程肝脏疾病患者PT、APTT、FIB、D -二聚体均可异常 ,其中肝硬化患者的各项指标变化最为显著。     

小剂量与标准剂量全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效比较分析

用全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL)棘手的问题之一是高白细胞综合征[1] 。目前ATRA标准剂量为 6 0～ 80mg/d[2 ,3] 。本文通过减少ATRA的用量降低WBC峰值 ,从而控制和减少高白细胞综合征的发生。我院自 1992年以来应用ATRA治疗 12例APL ,其中 6例患者采用小剂量全反式维甲酸(LD ATRA)治疗 ,报告如下。1　材料和方法1 1　初治APL患者 12例 ,随机分为两组。A组男 2例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 16～ 6 5 (平均 38 5 )岁。B组男 3例 ,女 3例 ,年龄为 18～ 5 9(平均 36 8)岁。1 2　ATRA治疗剂量 :A组 6例采用标准剂量…     

全反式维甲酸配伍三氧化二砷治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病12例

目的:观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)配伍三氧化二砷(As2O3)治疗初发急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效和特点。方法:ATRA配伍As2O3治疗初发APL患者12例,ATRA30～40mg/d,分2～3次口服,0.1%As2O3注射液10ml稀释于5%葡萄糖(或氯化钠溶液)500ml中静脉滴注,持续4～5h,每日1次,观察完全缓解(CR)率、获得CR所需时间及不良反应。结果:12例患者均获得CR,CR率100%,获得缓解时间为35.3±5.7d,不良反应较轻较少。结论:ATRA配伍As2O3治疗初发APL患者疗效好,不良反应较轻较少。     

三氧化二砷联合全反式维甲酸治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病18例

目的观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)联合全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效.方法18例患者使用ATRA As2O3诱导缓解,再用常规化疗,6-MP、ATRA、As2O3巩固治疗.观察持续缓解时间及药物不良反应.结果18例患者完全缓解率(CR)88.9%,12例长期存活.结论三氧化二砷联合ATRA治疗APL患者,疗效良好.     

早幼粒细胞白血病维甲酸治疗死亡7例分析

目的 分析急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)应用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗后患者早期死亡原因,探讨其预防措施.方法 分析7例早期死亡患者的临床资料.结果 早期病死率13.4%(11/82),11例患者中,极早期死亡(确诊5d内)4例,早期死亡(确诊后6d～15 d内死亡)7例.除2例分别死于呼吸衰竭及感染外,其余9例均死于脑出血,10例合并弥散性血管内凝血(DIC),7例死亡时外周血白细胞大于50×109/L,死亡时血小板均小于25×109/L.结论 APL患者应用全反式维甲酸诱导分化出现高白细胞的APL易于早期死亡,并与DIC的发生和治疗措施有关,应尽早化疗及处理高白细胞综合征和积极治疗DIC.     

全反式维甲酸联合三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的初步疗效观察

目的　观察全反式维甲酸 (ATRA)联合三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL)的疗效和不良反应。方法　对 6例初次和复发的APL采用ATRA联合As2 O3 治疗 ,用法 :ATRA 2 5mg/m2 ·d-1,分 3次口服 ;As2 O3 (0 .1%溶液 ) 10ml加入 5 %葡萄糖溶液 5 0 0ml静脉点滴 ,1次 /d。结果　 5例患者获得完全缓解 (CR) ,1例获得部分缓解 (PR) ,总有效率为 10 0 %。 4例初治患者中 3例获得CR ,1例获得PR ,2例复发患者均获得CR。CR患者均在 30d内获得。未发现明显不良反应。结论　ATRA联合As2 O3 治疗APL患者不仅疗效满意 ,不良反应轻 ,而且能缩短获得CR的时间     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.