Mineral elements content in smoked fish

The content of macroelements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium potassium and sodium) and microelements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, selenium, fluorine and iodine) in the following smoked fish: sprat, mackerel, salmon, smoked herring and trout were determined. The most of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and manganese contain smoked sprat. The amount of calcium in fish's remaining species is considerably lower, and phosphorus approximated to his content in sprat. The selenium and the fluorine occur on approximate level in all examined fish, however the amount of iodine was diverse but high. Smoked salmon and trout contain the most iodine, and the least smoked herring, sprat and mackerel. Contribution of fish in the recommended daily intake for mineral elements was estimated.     

Total diet study nutritional elements, 1982-1989

Daily intakes of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, copper, and manganese for eight age-sex groups are presented for 1982 to 1989. Compared with the intakes recommended by the National Academy of Sciences, sodium intakes (which did not include discretionary salt) exceeded the estimated minimum requirement; intakes of potassium, phosphorus, selenium, and iodine were adequate for all groups; and copper intakes were low (less than 80% of the suggested intake) for all groups. In addition, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese were low in the diets of teenage girls; calcium, magnesium, and iron were low in the diets of adult women; calcium, magnesium, and zinc were low in the diets of older women; calcium and zinc were low in the diets of 2-year-olds; and magnesium was low in the diets of teenage boys and older men. The primary food group source for each element was dairy products for potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iodine; grain products for sodium, iron, and manganese; and animal flesh for zinc, selenium, and copper.     

Mineral content of market samples of fluid whole milk

Results from the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study on the nutrient element content of fluid whole cow's milk are presented and compared with previously published values. Whole milk was collected and analyzed yearly from 1975 through 1985. Yearly and overall means were similar for all elements except iron and iodine. The iron content of milk was generally low, but several samples had high levels. The distribution of iodine in whole milk was quite wide (0.002 to 0.094 mg/100 gm). The iodine content of milk is affected by the level of iodine added to cattle feed and by the use of iodophor sanitizing solutions used by the dairy industry. Overall mean levels of the elements in milligrams per 100 gm whole milk were: sodium, 42; potassium, 134; calcium, 106; phosphorus, 83; magnesium, 9.8; iron, 0.07; zinc, 0.37; copper, 0.009; manganese, 0.004; iodine, 0.034; and selenium, 0.001. Coefficients of variation were high (67% to 117%) for iron, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine but ranged from 18% to 26% for the other elements. An 8-fl oz serving of whole milk is an excellent source of iodine, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. It also provides some sodium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium but is not a reliable source of iron, copper, or manganese.     

Biliary and urinary excretion of metals in humans

Fifteen metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, organic mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and aluminum) were determined in the hepatic bile and urine collected simultaneously from three Japanese individuals (2 males, 1 female). The presence of these metals was classified as follows: hepatic biliary concentrations were higher than urinary concentrations (lead, arsenic, and iron); urinary concentrations were higher than hepatic biliary concentrations (cadmium, inorganic mercury, tin, cobalt, magnesium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel); hepatic biliary concentrations were almost equal to urinary concentrations (manganese and organic mercury); and relationship between hepatic biliary and urinary concentrations changed occasionally (aluminum). Eight essential metals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel, and cobalt) were detected at considerable concentrations in hepatic bile. Accounting for the daily flow volume of hepatic bile and the reabsorption of these metals, the supplementation of these metals should occur during treatment of diseases accompanied by loss of hepatic bile.     

不同品牌纯牛奶中12种元素的比例分布

对三种品牌纯牛奶中的钾、钠、镁、钙、锌、铁、铜、锰、镍、铬、镉、铅的含量进行测定分析,比较了不同元素在牛奶中的含量分布,特别比较了不同品牌纯牛奶中有害元素含量,结果表明不同品牌纯牛奶样品中重金属元素铬和镉含量均低于国家标准限量值,而铅含量高于限量值,且不同样品中金属元素含量存在差异.     

Metal content in femoral head spongious bone of people living in regions of different degrees of environmental pollution in Southern and Middle Poland

The content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and silver was evaluated in femoral head spongious bone of inhabitants of southern (Silesia, n = 13; Cracow, n = 13) and middle Poland (Lodz, n = 12). A total of 38 persons (29 females and 9 males) were included in the study. The average age in the Silesian group was 68 +/- 9.9 years old, in the group from Cracow 69.2 +/- 9.6 years old, and 68.3 +/- 7.3 years old for the inhabitants of Lodz. The AAS method was used to determine the femoral heads metal content after microwave mineralization. A similar content of calcium (av 18.4% dry weight), phosphorus (av 6.8%), magnesium (av 1883.5 microg/g), potassium (av 598.1 microg/g), iron (av 59.5 microg/g), zinc (av 90.1 microg/g), copper (av 90.1 microg/g), arsenic (av 0.3 microg/g), and silver (av 0.03 microg/g) was found in every group. Specimens from different regions differed in lead and cadmium content, illustrating the differences in environmental pollution exposure.     

基于ICP-MS探讨病人透析前后血中元素含量的变化

摘要:目的 探讨透析患者透析前后全血中矿物元素含量的变化,为透析病人提供治疗和保健依据。方法 采集透析病人透析前后的静脉血及透析液,前处理后利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析其中的矿物元素含量,并对透析前后的血中及透析液矿物元素含量进行配对t检验。结果 该分析方法的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,相对标准偏差在2.8%~5.5%之间,加标回收率在87%~108%之间。透析后,血液中钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量较透析前小幅度升高,铬、砷、铅含量较透析前后变化不大;透析液中,铬、锰含量变化不大,但是铁、铜、锌、硒的含量均有不同程度的增加。结论 长期看,行透析治疗的病人,体内钙、锰、铁、铜、锌、硒的含量低于正常人。同时,存在血中铅、砷等短暂升高而引起的中毒的风险。     

Chemical composition of bottled mineral water

Thirty-seven brands of domestic and imported mineral waters were analyzed for the following: alkalinity, aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chloride, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silver, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Of the waters examined in this study, 24 had one or more determinands that were not in compliance with the drinking water standards in the United States.     

Nutritional elements in U.S. diets: results from the Total Diet Study, 1982 to 1986

Through the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study, the levels of 11 nutritional elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine) in the diets of eight age-sex groups were determined for the 4 years between 1982 and 1986. The 234 Total Diet Study foods, which are representative of the U.S. food supply, were purchased, prepared for consumption, and analyzed for the elements four times each year. The results were combined with national food consumption data to estimate intakes for 6- to 11-month-old infants, 2-year-old children, 14- to 16-year-old boys and girls, 25- to 30-year-old men and women, and 60- to 65-year-old men and women. Six elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese) were low (less than 80% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance or below the low end of the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range) for three or more of the age-sex groups. Six elements were of concern for teenage girls and adult women, five for older women, three for 2-year-old children, two for teenage boys and older men, and only one for infants and adult men. Sodium levels (which did not include discretionary salt) were elevated for 2-year-old children and teenage boys, and iodine was elevated for all age-sex groups. A significant trend was noted only for iodine, the intake of which decreased during the 4-year period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Mineral content of foods and total diets: the Selected Minerals in Foods Survey, 1982 to 1984

The 234 foods of the FDA's Total Diet Study were collected four times per year form mid-1982 to mid-1984 and analyzed for 11 essential minerals. Daily intakes of the minerals were estimated for eight age-sex groups of the U.S. population. Levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were low (less than 80% of the RDA or below the low end of the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range) for some or all age-sex groups. Those most at risk of low intakes were young children, teenage girls, adult women, and older women. Non-discretionary sodium intake exceeded the upper Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range for two age-sex groups, and iodine was considerably above the RDA for all age-sex groups. Levels of potassium, phosphorus, and selenium were adequate for all groups.     

Content of Ash components in the Fresh and Preserved Broad Bean (Vicia faba v major)

The content of minerals was determined in fresh and preserved broad bean seeds. Four cultivars in the stage of milk maturity were considered. The analyses concerned raw and blanched material, canned seeds and also frozen seeds before and after cooking after 6-month storage. In the products ready for consumption the variants of intact and dehulled seeds were investigated. Depending on the cultivar, fresh material contained in 100 g dry matter 4.22–4.51 g ash, 1418–1601 mg K, 596–703 mg P, 57.1–83.8 mg Ca, 91.5–98.6 mg Mg, 7.4–13.5 mg Fe, 8.1–12.6 mg Zn, 1.22–1.80 mg Cu, and 1.15–1.30 mg Mn. In relation to the raw vegetable, in both products the level of ash and potassium was significantly lower. Also, that of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese was lower, though the difference was not statistically verified. The canned seeds contained slightly more potassium, calcium, zinc, and copper and less ash, phosphorus, and magnesium than the cooked frozen products. Dehulled seeds contained more phosphorus, copper, and manganese, and less ash, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc than the intact ones.     

韭菜35种元素分析结果

笔者分析各种食物数百种，计划在《世界元素医学》的食物中药栏目中陆续奉献给广大读者，每期1-2篇。韭之为菜，可生可熟，可菹可久，乃菜中最有益者。本文报告韭菜、韭菜花、韭菜籽的ICP检验35种元素结果。韭菜富含元素：磷、铬、铜、锂、钴、锰、钡、锶、钛、钒、锌、硼、钾、铁、镁、钙；韭菜花富含元素：磷、铜、锂、镍、锑、锌、锶、钴、钛、钡、锰、铈、镓、镧、铌、钪、钍、硼、钾、铁、镁、钙、铍；韭菜籽富含元素：磷、铜、锂、锰、钡、锶、钛、锌、锆、铈、硼、镁、钙。据此不难看出韭菜具有：主归心，安五脏六腑，除胃中热，利病人，可久食的道理。     

原子吸收光谱法测定独头蒜中7种元素

[目的]建立密闭高压消解-原子吸收法测定独头蒜中7种元素含量的方法。[方法]高压密闭消解法消解样品,以减小挥发元素在过程中的损失,提高测定元素的灵敏度。通过对基体改进剂、灰化温度、原子化温度以及干扰消除剂的选择,优化原子吸收光谱法测定各元素的条件。[结果]方法的相对标准偏差为0.27%～2.38%,回收率为92.0%～112.6%。[结论独头蒜中铜、铁、锌、钙、镁、钾和硒含量较丰富,且铁和锌的含量高于分瓣蒜。     

Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Selected Metals in Source Freshwater Khanpur Lake,Pakistan

Selected metals (calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, lead, strontium and zinc) were measured in water samples from a source freshwater Lake. Average levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead in the waters were significantly higher than the guideline values. Health risk assessment was then carried out to determine health risk via oral route and dermal contact. Hazard quotient (via ingestion) levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead were higher than unity; suggesting potential adverse effects on local residents. Principal component analysis revealed considerable anthropogenic contributions of the metals in the water reservoir.     

原子吸收光谱法测定水果中10种元素含量及分布

目的调查水果中锌、铜、钾、钙、镁、锰、铅、镉、铬和硒10种元素含量分布情况。方法采用湿法消解水果样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法检测水果中的锌、铜、钾、钙、镁和锰的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅、镉、铬和硒的含量。结果 10种元素在水果中各部位的分布有比较大的差异。葡萄、干枣和木瓜中铅含量接近于污染物浓度限量,但没有超过标准。国光苹果、梨、干枣和圣女果中铬的含量都超标。国光苹果、香蕉、梨、干枣、木瓜和柚子中均不同程度检出硒,但没有超过污染物浓度限量。葡萄和干枣中的铜含量超过标准。锌的含量没有超过标准。木瓜中钙含量最高,干枣中镁和锰含量最高。干枣、柚子和圣水果中含钾较高。结论水果果籽中各种元素含量最高,果肉中含量最低。果皮中各种元素含量比果肉中高。     

Simultaneous determination of 31 elements in foodstuffs by ICP-MS after closed-vessel microwave digestion: Method validation based on the accuracy profile

This article describes an optimisation and validation process for the simultaneous determination of 31 elements – lithium, boron, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, strontium, molybdenum, silver, cadmium, tin, antimony, tellurium, barium, mercury, lead and uranium – in food samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after closed-vessel microwave digestion. In order to improve the limits of quantification of certain elements for risk assessment in the context of the first French Infant Total Diet Study (iTDS), the analytical conditions of the multi-elemental method were optimised. The validation was conducted using the evaluation of several performance criteria such as linearity, specificity, precision under repeatability conditions, intermediate precision reproducibility and limits of quantification (LOQ), with the use of the accuracy profile. Furthermore, the method was supervised by several external quality controls (EQC). Results indicate that this method could be used in the laboratory for the routine determination of these 31 essential and non-essential elements in foodstuffs with acceptable analytical performance. A more sensitive method will be necessary for Hg and Pb to decrease at the lowest the percentage of left-censored data for this iTDS.     

Mineral content of Pakistani foods: An update of food composition database of Pakistan through indirect method

Analysis of nutrients to develop new or update food composition database is costly and time consuming. An alternate approach is to add the data on nutrients from existing literature using guidelines set by International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS). The currently available database for food composition in Pakistan is fairly old (2001) and thus, needs to be updated. In the present study mineral content of various foods from Pakistan was collected from existing literature and scrutinized against a set of criteria for inclusion in updated food composition database of Pakistan. Data for 37 food items with eight minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and copper) fits under the criteria therefore is included in updated database for foods of Pakistan. Additionally, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, nickel and manganese were also updated for 16 food items. Further, selected mineral content (iron, zinc, phosphorus and calcium) was compared with food composition Table of Pakistan (published in 2001). Comparison results showed that mineral content for most of the foods vary among two databases. The present study demonstrates feasibility of updating food composition databases thorough scientific reports on food products of a particular country.     

中药地肤子中的微量元素在农业中的研究进展

中药地肤子是一种名贵的中药材，它不但对人体起着很重要的作用，而且对农产品的品质，产量也起着重要的作用。据报道，中药地肤子中含有大量的微量元素，发现钙、镁、铁、铜、等含量特别丰富，而砷、镉等有害元素含量却很低。本文综述了微量元素钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰的生理功能及对主要农产品品质的影响，并对中药地肤子的药理作用进行了展望。     

Distribution of Arsenic and Trace Metals in the Floodplain Agricultural Soil of Bangladesh

Arsenic contaminated groundwater of Bangladesh is one of the largest natural calamities of the world. Soil samples were collected from floodplain agricultural land of Faridpur and Dhamrai regions to estimate the concentration of arsenic and other trace metals (copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead, selenium, cobalt, mercury, and manganese). Average arsenic in Faridpur soil was recorded more than three times higher than the world limit and nearly five times higher than that of Dhamrai. The average copper, chromium and cobalt both in Faridpur and Dhamrai agricultural soil were also higher than the Dutch and the world standards. Both Fardipur and Dhamrai soil contain low amount of selenium in comparison to world limit (0.7 mg kg⁻¹). A poor correlation between manganese and arsenic was noticed in Faridpur. This may be played a subordinate role in the fixation of arsenic in soil. This study also reveals that the area which has arsenic and trace metal contaminated groundwater may also contain high level of arsenic and trace metals in the agricultural soil due to irrigation with contaminated groundwater.     

孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及相关性分析

目的 了解孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及其相关性.方法 选取2019年5月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院生产的80名孕产妇为研究对象,收集其初乳及外周血.后采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱及原子荧光光谱测定其中9种矿物质含量,后利用SPSS 21.0探讨初乳中矿物质间及其与外周血之间的相关性.结果 检测的9种矿物质中,初...