扩张术治疗瘢痕性秃发的手术设计

目的:探讨头部扩张器修复瘢痕性秃发手术设计的重要性.方法:采用AutoCAD软件测量秃发面积,用一个或多个扩张器进行头皮扩张,利用扩张皮瓣修复瘢痕性秃发.结果:修复瘢痕性秃发18例,扩张皮瓣全部成活,头皮瓣毛发分布均匀,随访半年～1年,效果满意.结论:该方法的手术设计,是手术成败的关键,扩张术修复瘢痕性秃发并发症发生率低,毛发分布均匀,是目前治疗此类疾病的首选方法,值得推广.     

应用多处头皮扩张器修复瘢痕性秃发

目的:探讨头部多处皮肤扩张器修复瘢痕性秃发有效的方法.方法:采用多个皮肤扩张器进行头皮扩张,利用扩张皮瓣修复瘢痕性脱发.结果:修复瘢痕性秃发2 3例,扩张皮瓣全部成活,头皮瓣毛发分布均匀,随访半年至2年,效果满意.结论:该手术方法并发症发生率低,皮瓣张力小,毛发分布均匀,应为同类病例治疗的首选方法,值得推广.     

组织扩张术在瘢痕性秃发修复中的应用及疗效探讨

目的:探讨头皮扩张术治疗瘢痕性秃发的临床应用经验,强调头皮瓣设计的重要性。方法:1991年1月至2002年12月,应用头皮扩张术治疗瘢痕性秃发148例,手术选用100～500ml扩张器272个。头皮经扩张后采用如下方式进行修复:①单纯采用常规任意头皮瓣修复秃发区139例;②结合运用Orticochea多瓣法修复2例;③结合采用颞浅血管岛状头皮瓣转移修复鬓角3例、发际2例;④选择性将瘢痕性秃发区中存留的正常岛状生发头皮,形成以颞浅血管为蒂的岛状头皮瓣转移修复2例。结果:本组病例,修复秃发最大面积为310cm2,其中一典型病例,秃发面积达12cm×14cm,经一次扩张后修复全部秃发区。本组148例,一次性完全修复秃发135例,2例经接力扩张、6例经延期扩张后完全修复,剩余5例未完全修复,并发症发生率为17.6%。结论:头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发有良好的整复效果,是大面积瘢痕性秃发较为理想的治疗方法。头皮扩张术结合多种类型头皮瓣设计的灵活运用可提高并改善瘢痕性秃发的修复效果。     

应用头皮组织扩张术修复大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的探讨大面积瘢痕性秃发的修复方法。方法手术分两期进行,Ⅰ期手术于正常头皮内埋置扩张器,切口愈合后院外常规注液扩张,扩张足量后,行Ⅱ期手术,切除头皮瘢痕,应用扩张皮肤形成旋转或推进皮瓣,修复创面。结果共行手术40例,其中39例消除瘢痕性秃发,术后头发生长良好,1例发生切口裂开致扩张器外露。结论头皮组织扩张术是治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发的安全有效方法。     

多个扩张器联合扩张修复大面积头皮瘢痕性秃发

目的:探讨多个扩张器联合扩张修复大面积头皮瘢痕性秃发的效果。方法:2003年5月~2013年5月间,应用2~4个扩张器联合扩张的方法修复缺损面积为50~350cm2的头皮瘢痕性秃。手术分两期:Ⅰ期根据秃发面积的大小及部位,选择适当大小、形状及数量的扩张器,并在瘢痕周围置入扩张器注水扩张;Ⅱ期根据瘢痕切除术后的缺损情况进行滑行推进或旋转皮瓣修复。结果:80例头皮瘢痕性秃发,74例取得良好效果;3例秃发面积过大,一次扩张未能完全修复,经二次扩张修复后效果良好;1例出现切口感染而取出扩张器;2例出现Ⅱ期术后头皮血肿,经处理后愈合良好。随访5个月~5年,头皮头发生长良好,缝线处无明显瘢痕增生,头部外观有明显改善,患者对手术效果均比较满意。结论:应用多个扩张器联合扩张修复大面积头皮瘢痕性秃发,可以彻底切除瘢痕,使秃发部位有毛发覆盖,头部整体外观得到明显改善,是修复大面积瘢痕性秃发较为理想的一种方法。     

应用多个扩张器治疗头部大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的:探讨临床治疗头部大面积瘢痕性秃发的手术方法。方法:2006年2月到2012年10月,曾先后收治13例大面积的瘢痕性脱发患者,采用多个皮肤软组织扩张器进行头皮扩张,共埋置扩张器29个,容量300～500 ml,利用扩张皮瓣转移修复瘢痕性脱发。结果:术后随访3～10个月,扩张皮瓣成活良好,头皮瓣毛发分布均匀,手术效果较满意。结论:此手术方法皮瓣张力小,瘢痕不明显,毛发分布比较均匀,并发症发生率较低,可以作为大面积秃发病例治疗的较理想的方法。     

头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的:总结扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发的临床经验。方法:自2005年1月～2010年12月,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗因火焰烧伤、化学烧伤、撕脱伤愈合后遗留的大面积瘢痕性秃发,共18例。根据秃发及正常头皮的面积选择扩张器大小,将扩张器置入帽状腱膜下,放置引流管,3天后开始向扩张囊注液,注液总量据瘢痕秃发面积而定,一般修复1cm头皮,需要注水4.0～4.5ml。行扩张器取出、瘢痕秃发切除、头皮皮瓣转移术。结果:临床治疗18例大面积瘢痕性秃发病人,均取得满意效果。结论:皮肤软组织扩张术是修复大面积瘢痕性秃发的理想方法。     

头皮扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的:总结扩张术治疗大面积瘢痕性秃发的临床经验。方法:自2005年1月～2010年12月,应用皮肤软组织扩张术治疗因火焰烧伤、化学烧伤、撕脱伤愈合后遗留的大面积瘢痕性秃发,共18例。根据秃发及正常头皮的面积选择扩张器大小,将扩张器置入帽状腱膜下,放置引流管,3天后开始向扩张囊注液,注液总量据瘢痕秃发面积而定,一般修复1cm头皮,需要注水4.0～4.5ml。行扩张器取出、瘢痕秃发切除、头皮皮瓣转移术。结果:临床治疗18例大面积瘢痕性秃发病人,均取得满意效果。结论:皮肤软组织扩张术是修复大面积瘢痕性秃发的理想方法。     

软组织扩张术在巨大瘢痕性秃发美学修复中的应用

目的探讨与分析软组织扩张技术在巨大瘢痕性秃发修复中的美学要点。方法回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年1月采用头皮下软组织扩张术修复的12例巨大瘢痕性秃发患者的临床资料,其中瘢痕性秃发区面积50-180 cm^2。结果本组患者12例,共置入扩张器39只,均未出现扩张器外露、伤口感染、扩张皮瓣局部坏死等并发症。2例患者一次扩张后,扩张皮瓣不能完全覆盖创面,于术后1月行二次扩张后完全覆盖创面;其余10例均一次扩张修复创面;所有患者均Ⅰ期愈合。皮瓣缝合部位可见细小瘢痕,毛发生长均匀,经6月-3年随访,形态外观较为满意。结论大面积头皮秃发畸形需要使用软组织扩张术进行修复。完善的术前设计可以达到更好的美学修复效果。     

扩张器在修复瘢痕性秃发中的应用

目的探讨扩张器在头部瘢痕性秃发治疗中的应用效果。方法自2011年7月至2015年9月,应用扩张器扩张头皮修复23例瘢痕性秃发患者。一期手术:根据患者的秃发面积、部位及邻近区域毛发生长情况选择扩张器的容量及数量,将其埋置在秃发区周边正常毛发分布区,术后扩张器内注入生理盐水达到额定量。二期手术:切除瘢痕性秃发区皮肤组织,利用扩张的皮肤设计皮瓣来修复瘢痕切除后的创面。结果 18例患者经1次埋置1个或多个扩张器后,一次性修复瘢痕性秃发;5例患者因秃发面积较大经2次埋置扩张器后修复秃发区。扩张皮瓣易成活,切口瘢痕不明显,毛发分布均匀,密度可。结论采用扩张器修复大面积瘢痕性秃发,术后并发症较少,毛发分布均匀,生长良好,是修复较大面积瘢痕性秃发较理想的方法 。     

Eyebrow Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the eyebrow has historically been accomplished with temporal scalp pedicle flap formation or free composite scalp grafts. These two techniques may be associated with substantial morbidity and a false, overly dense eyebrow appearance. Hair transplantation of the eyebrows has been described with excellent results, but is relatively underreported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether modern techniques of micrograft hair transplantation can suitably re-create an aesthetic eyebrow in a case of iatrogenic eyebrow alopecia. METHODS: A 33-year-old woman with iatrogenic eyebrow alopecia underwent four sessions of eyebrow micrograft hair transplantation to re-create both eyebrows. RESULTS: Suitable aesthetic eyebrows were re-created in a symmetric fashion with proper hair orientation. The process was time consuming and tedious, but highly effective. CONCLUSION: Eyebrow transplantation is a suitable alternative to pedicle flap formation and composite scalp grafting. It is a straightforward procedure that can be performed in the office under local anesthesia with minimal attendant morbidity. The result may be superior to that seen with more involved eyebrow replacement procedures.     

Eyebrow reconstruction following burn injury

Facial burns represent between one-fourth and one-third of all burns. Absence of the eyebrows or distortions in their position alter the character of the face. Thus, eyebrow repair or reconstruction can be an important "finishing touch" in the overall reconstruction of a burned face. Generally, there are three ways to reconstruct the eyebrow: use of superficial temporal artery island flap; composite graft from scalp; and mini or micrografts from scalp. This report presents 20 patients reconstructed with the above techniques. Eleven patients (eight male and three female) with superficial temporal artery island flaps; seven patients (two male and five female) with composite grafts from scalp; and two patients (female) with minigrafts. The results suggest that superficial temporal artery island flaps were more suitable for males and composite graft for females who generally require thinner and less dense eyebrows. Our experience with minigrafts for burn alopecia has not been adequate. Here in this article, different methods of eyebrow reconstruction are presented with the greater emphasis on superficial temporal artery flap.     

针具打孔法单株毛发移植行眉毛美容性再造

目的:探索一种单株毛发移植修复眉毛永久性缺损的技术。方法:切取近后发际区域处含有完整毛发毛囊的条形头皮组织,借助于手术放大镜,将之分割,制备成单株毛发移植物待用。然后在预先设计的眉缺失区域内,以医用注射针具制备孔洞。继之,将这些待用之移植物按眉的自然走向植入到眉区预制的孔洞之中。结果:自2005年至2006年6月,共完成了52例89侧眉的美容性再造。所有患者一期手术均取得满意的美学修复效果。经术后6个月以上的临床随访见:再造的眉毛生长良好,成活率可达到98.5%。再造的眉形态走向较自然,较接近于正常的眉毛。从患者对术后再造眉的形态评价来看,非常满意者占84.6%;满意者占15.4%。结论:针具打孔法单株毛发移植技术手术方法简便快捷,出血少,手术野较清洁,再造的眉毛更加自然优美,是目前眉毛美容性再造较为理想的方法。     

Eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap

Although various reconstructive procedures for the eyebrow have been reported, few have proved satisfactory for large-tissue defects. The authors describe two cases of eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap (TPF flap) after malignant tumor resection. The first patient was a 24-year-old man with an adnexal carcinoma of the left eyebrow. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with Bowen's disease of the left eyebrow. Tumor resection was performed on the frontal muscle with a 5-mm surgical margin. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. Both reconstructed eyebrows have maintained their shapes well. There have been several reports of the use of a TPF flap for eyebrow reconstruction, but none have used intermediate hair from the hairline. The authors are convinced that use of intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled TPF flap is effective for reconstruction of the eyebrow and large defects extending to nonhairy subbrow skin.     

多只扩张器超量扩张修复大面积瘢痕性秃发

目的 探讨应用多只扩张器超量扩张头皮修复大面积瘢痕性秃发的临床效果.方法 Ⅰ期手术：根据秃发区的形状、面积大小,选择多只扩张器,在肿胀麻醉下,置于头部有发区帽状腱膜下,注射壶外置.超量扩张3～6个月,以获得额外有发头皮.Ⅱ期手术：将扩张器取出,切除瘢痕,将扩张后的有发头皮,采用滑行推进皮瓣、旋转皮瓣与易位皮瓣联合运用的手术方式,修复头皮秃发区.结果 23例患者术后秃发区修复效果良好,外观满意.结论 多只扩张器超量扩张可获得大量额外扩张头皮.合理设计皮瓣转移术,最大限度地提高了扩张皮肤的利用率,可修复大面积瘢痕性秃发,修复效果良好.     

毛发移植术在治疗小面积外伤性眉缺损中的应用

目的：探讨应用毛发移植技术治疗小面积眉缺损的疗效。方法：18例小面积眉缺损患者,均为单侧眉缺损,眉毛缺损面积为0.5×0.5cm～1.0×1.0cm。在局麻下从耳后发际内或颞部获取单体毛囊,按照原有眉毛的生长方向植入眉毛缺损处。结果：18例患者术后随访3～10个月。未见移植的眉毛明显脱落,植入的眉毛生长良好,需要7天左右修剪一次。两侧眉毛对称。所有患者对术后效果表示满意。结论：应用单体毛囊移植治疗小面积眉毛缺损,能再造出与对侧健康眉毛相似的眉毛,效果良好。     

Surgical treatment of secondary cicatricial alopecia of scalp and eyebrow

Secondary cicatricial alopecia occurs as a result of destruction of hair follicles by scar tissue formed in the scalp and eyebrows. It is a permanent condition and regrowth of hairs in the area is not expected. The purpose of the study was to select the appropriate method for treating cicatricial alopecia. 24 patients were admitted to our hospital during the period from June 2006 to July 2007. They were suffering from acquired cicatricial alopecia affecting the scalp and the eyebrow. Their ages ranged from 6-48 years with mean age 26-25 years. They were treated surgically by total excision of the lesions with direct closure of the defect in ten cases, excision of alopecia with advancement flaps with the aid of scalp expanders in seven cases, scalp reduction through serial excision of alopecia in three cases and excision of alopecia and reconstruction of the defect by strip composite hair-bearing scalp grafts in four cases. Our results suggest there are three key factors that decide the surgical methods for treating alopecia: size, location and shape. We also discuss and evaluate the various techniques of reconstruction. Good results were obtained in 18 patients.     

植皮区单株毛发移植修复眉毛缺损的观察

目的：观察单株毛发移植在植皮区的存活情况及再造眉毛的效果。方法：选择植皮区皮下软组织的厚度在3mm以上的患者,在枕后毛发安全供区（SDA）内局麻下切取一条带毛发的完整头皮。助手利用刀具分离出单株毛发,种植区肿胀麻醉后,术者用注射器针具按眉毛生长方向在植皮区上打孔,15～25孔／cm^2,将单株毛发种植于毛发缺损区。结果：2007～2009年间4例眉区植皮患者6只眉毛通过本方法治疗,术后随访9个月～2年,4只眉毛一次手术效果满意,2只眉毛需二次加密。所有毛发存活良好,毛发单次种植存活率接近90％,眉毛形态自然、美观。结论：在植皮区皮下软组织厚度3mm以上,密度15～25孔／cm^2的情况下,单株毛发移植在植皮区上的存活率接近90％,再造眉毛形态自然、美观。近似于真实眉毛效果。     

选择性单株毛发植入在眉毛部分缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨在眉毛缺损修复手术中选择性应用不同直径单根毛发植入的临床效果。方法49例眉毛缺损患者，其中先天性眉毛稀疏37例，外伤后引起的瘢痕性眉缺损12例。在局部麻醉下从枕部靠近后发际线和耳后发际线内获取单体毛囊，粗细毛发分开摆放，应用22G或23G注射针头按正常眉毛方向打孔后将单根毛发植入。在眉头、眉尾和眉毛上缘应用较细的头发，眉中央用较粗的头发。结果术后随访3～10个月，植入的眉毛生长良好，需要5～7d左右修剪1次。两侧眉毛对称。12例患者因移植的眉毛有局部成活不良，在术后6～12个月进行二次手术补植加密。所有患者对术后效果表示满意。结论选择性植入不同直径单根毛发的眉毛缺损修复术，能再造出外观自然、形态逼真的眉毛，效果良好。