女性保留内生殖器膀胱全切原位回肠新膀胱尿流改道术的临床疗效

目的:探讨女性保留内生殖器膀胱全切患者行原位回肠新膀胱尿流改道术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年7月~2012年5月48例女性膀胱肿瘤患者的临床资料,均采取保留内生殖器的膀胱全切术并行原位回肠新膀胱尿流改道术。48例患者中移行细胞癌46例,腺癌2例;原发肿瘤32例,复发性肿瘤16例;多发性非肌层侵犯肿瘤17例,肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤31例。结果:48例患者的平均手术时间260(210~360)min,平均输血量280(0~1200)ml。术后47例患者获得随访,随访6~84个月,平均36个月。术后12个月白天控尿率为97.9%(46/47),夜间控尿率为93.6%(44/47)。新膀胱尿道吻合口漏3例。术后6个月IVU检查输尿管狭窄2例。无子宫、子宫附件及阴道转移复发。结论:对于符合适应证的女性膀胱癌患者,保留内生殖器、阴道前壁、自主神经及完整尿道,行膀胱全切并行原位回肠新膀胱尿流改道术,临床疗效满意,术后患者生活质量高,可作为广泛开展的术式。     

改良膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术的疗效观察

目的:探讨膀胱根治术后行尿流改道的方法。方法:对17例男性膀胱癌患者行膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术,采用改良的手术方法。结果:手术时间平均230min;输血量平均480ml;全部病例可完全控尿,需夜间定时排尿;膀胱最大贮尿量平均330ml,剩余尿均小于80ml。17例全部随访,时间7～48个月,平均19个月。术后仅发生单侧输尿管反流1例,肾功能衰竭死亡1例,肿瘤转移死亡1例。无电解质紊乱发生,未发现尿道肿瘤复发。结论:改良膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术是膀胱根治术后尿流改道的较为理想术式。     

腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术

目的分析8例腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术的手术经验及术后效果。方法浸润性膀胱癌患者8例,均为男性,年龄61～76岁,平均68.5岁。腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱前列腺切除,延长脐下切口取出标本,于体外选择40cm回肠,对系膜缘切开后W形折叠形成新膀胱,双输尿管乳头状再植于新膀胱,腹腔镜下将新膀胱最低点与尿道残端行端端吻合。结果手术耗时4～7h,平均5.3h;出血量100～1100mL,平均250mL。术后平均肠道恢复时间3.9d。术后随访7～27个月（平均16.2个月）,患者排尿良好,行B超、IVU及新膀胱造影检查示：双肾显影良好,无输尿管返流及梗阻,新膀胱充盈良好,容量约300mL。结论腹腔镜下行膀胱全切原位回肠新膀胱术损伤小、出血量少、术后恢复快、生活质量高,短期随访临床效果满意。     

改良保留性功能的膀胱全切回肠新膀胱术6例报告

原位尿流改道术因其符合正常生理排尿，提高了患者的生活质量，目前被临床广泛应用，但标准的根治性膀胱全切术后勃起和生育功能几乎丧失，使年轻患者难以接受，所以，出现了保留性功能的膀胱全切及在此基础之上的各种改良术式。2006年3月～2007年7月，作者为6例年轻患者实施了改良保留性功能的膀胱全切回肠新膀胱术，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切Bricker回肠膀胱术与Studer原位膀胱术的比较研究

pT2bN0M07例,pT2bN0M01例,pT3aN0M02例. 结论 腹腔镜膀胱全切Studer原位膀胱术与Bricker回肠膀胱术具有相似的手术和肿瘤学等方面的结果,但Studer原位膀胱术患者术后生活质量较高,是一种效果良好的膀胱全切尿流改道术式.     

改良原位回肠代膀胱术(附25例报告)

目的：探讨改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法：对24例膀胱癌及1例腺性膀胱炎患者采用改良膀胱全切原位回肠代谢膀胱术。膀胱全切采用顺行逆行相结合的方法。截取末段回肠,排列成W形,褥式缝合制作贮尿袋。输尿管以乳头法种植。结果：25例手术时间平均4h,输血量平均550ml,术后24例随访2－84个月,平均24个月,23例白天可控排尿,14例夜间自控排尿。仅2例术后发生输尿管积水,1例术前左肾积水者术后无变化。2例肾功能异常。23例行膀胱排尿造影均未发现输尿管返流。术后出现低血钾者2例,余22例血电解质均在正常范围。无肠膀胱或尿道肿瘤复发者。结论：改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱手术术时间短,操作简单,出血少,并发症少,术后无膀胱输尿管返流,电解质紊乱发生率低。     

女性原位回肠膀胱术的控尿技术改进和应用

目的 探讨女性原位回肠膀胱术控尿技术改进及临床应用价值.方法 采用改良回肠代膀胱术治疗女性膀胱全切患者28例,其中膀胱癌27例,腺性膀胱炎1例.平均年龄58岁.对女性回肠代膀胱术控尿技术进行改进,包括采用保留自主神经的膀胱全切、于膀胱颈与尿道连接处离断尿道、尿道以下平面不作游离、保留阴道壁完整、采用带蒂大网膜填塞新膀胱与阴道之间、阴道残端悬吊于耻骨梳韧带上、代膀胱前壁与耻骨骨膜固定等.随访观察术后并发症、控尿及排尿功能和生活质量.结果 28例手术时间4.0～7.5 h,平均6.0 h.术中出血300～1500 ml,平均700 ml.围手术期发生应激性溃疡1例,肠梗阻2例.术后27例恢复生理排尿,剩余尿40～80 ml 3例,1例出现控尿过度,需定时导尿.术后6个月昼夜控尿率分别为100%和93%,尿动力学检查显示贮尿囊容量351～459 ml,充盈期囊内压17.0～24.6 cm H2O,最大尿道压40.6～76.8 cm H2O,功能性尿道长度2.5～4.1 cm.血电解质及肾功能正常.结论 女性回肠代膀胱术经过控尿技术改进可获得满意的临床效果.     

改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术26例报告

目的评价改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术的临床疗效。方法对26例膀胱癌患者行逆行和顺行相结合的全膀胱切除方法，截取40cm带蒂回肠，对肠系膜纵行剖开后W形折叠，缝制成新膀胱，输尿管以乳头法种植于膀胱“三角区”，将贮尿囊完全置于腹膜外；术后随访患者恢复和排尿情况，定期复查生化指标、B超和膀胱排尿造影。结果患者术后均康复，平均随访18个月，白天控尿良好20例，夜间控尿良好18例；5例有不同程度的肾积水和肾功能异常，其中1例出现双肾积水，均行膀胱排尿造影除外返流；无低钾血症和酸中毒。结论改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术，具有手术简单、术后并发症少及代膀胱功能良好的特点，是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法。     

全膀胱切除直肠代膀胱与回肠膀胱术疗效观察

目的:探讨膀胱全切直肠代膀胱与回肠膀胱术的效果。方法:回顾性分析全膀胱切除直肠代膀胱130例,回肠膀胱16例临床资料。结果:143例膀胱肿瘤病例,浸润性肿瘤132例。手术均顺利,术后3个月未发现上尿路梗阻积水,电解质、肾功正常范围。发生近期并发症12例,远期并发症11例。87例随访1～10年,5年生存率63%。结论:膀胱全切是浸润性膀胱癌首选治疗方法之一,直肠代膀胱和回肠膀胱都是尿流改道的较好选择,长期随访其并发症少。     

膀胱全切原位尿流改道术治疗膀胱非尿路上皮癌的疗效评价

目的：评价膀胱全切原位尿流改道术治疗膀胱非尿路上皮癌的疗效.方法：对17例膀胱非尿路上皮癌患者行根治性膀胱全切,盆腔淋巴结清扫;然后取一段肠管缝制成新膀胱,分别与输尿管和尿道残端吻合,实现原位尿流改道.结果：手术均获成功,手术时间172～380 min,平均310 min.16例获得随访,平均随访67个月（1～16年）.6例因肿瘤复发或转移于5年内死亡,2例死于非肿瘤因素,1例仍在随访,7例存活已达5年.结论：根治性膀胱全切原位尿流改道术治疗膀胱非尿路上皮癌,具有较好的治疗效果,能明显改善患者生活质量.     

Functional and oncological outcomes after orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in women

OBJECTIVE

To review our experience with orthotopic neobladder reconstruction (ONR) in women, highlighting functional and oncological outcomes, as ONR has been used increasingly for urinary diversion in women after radical cystectomy (RC), largely due to a better understanding of the natural history of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) and of the anatomy underlying the female continence mechanism, but defining the safety and long‐term efficacy of ONR remain important to expanding its use.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We identified 59 women who had RC with ONR between 1995 and 2006 at the Mayo Clinic. Their records were reviewed for clinicopathological demographics, and functional and oncological outcomes.

RESULTS

The median (range) age at surgery of the women was 62 (20–82) years, and the median follow‐up was 29.2 (1–141) months. Fifty‐three women had RC for malignant disease, including UCC in 47. Five women (8.5%) required resection of the anterior vaginal wall during surgery, while 39 (66%) had concurrent hysterectomy. One patient had a positive surgical margin, at the left distal ureter, on final pathology. Thirteen (22%) patients had perioperative complications, including two (3%) who required reoperation. In addition, three patients (5%) developed a neobladder‐vaginal fistula after RC with ONR, requiring surgical repair. At the last follow‐up, daytime urinary continence (defined as needing no pads) was reported by 44/49 (90%) patients, while 28/49 (57%) had achieved continence at night. Seventeen (31%) patients required intermittent self‐catheterization to facilitate emptying of the neobladder. Fifteen (28%) women had recurrence of disease, at a median of 8 (2–36) months after ONR, including seven (13%) who developed a pelvic recurrence. Twelve (20%) patients died during the follow‐up, with four (8%) dying from UCC at a median of 14 (11–65) months after surgery.

CONCLUSION

ONR provides a safe and effective option for urinary diversion in women, with oncological and functional outcomes similar to those for men. Thus, the technique remains a preferred option for urinary diversion in appropriately selected women treated with RC.     

改良腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加Studer原位回肠新膀胱重建初步研究

目的:总结11例腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加Studer原位回肠新膀胱重建的经验,评价此术式肿瘤学结果与功能性结果。方法:2008年7月～2011年5月,选择11例肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者实施腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加下腹壁小切口行Studer原位回肠新膀胱重建术,对手术时间、淋巴结数量、围手术期并发症、出血量、输血量、生存率、上尿路形态与功能、控尿情况进行分析。结果:平均手术时间为6.17(5.5～7.5)h,平均出血量为300(0～800)ml,仅1例输血400ml,平均清扫淋巴结数15(5～30)个,无围手术期死亡,围手术期并发症发生率为18.19%(2/11)。上尿路检查,提示18.19%(2/11)术后拔出双J管后出现双侧肾盂及输尿管的轻度暂时性扩张,其中1例血肌酐上升。随访15(1～67)个月,1例鳞癌死于广泛转移,91%(10/11)无复发生存。患者日间完全控尿率达到90%(9/10);夜间完全控尿率70%(7/10),小于1块尿垫20%(2/10)。结论:选择适当病例行改良的腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加下腹壁小切口行Studer原位回肠新膀胱重建术取得了满意肿瘤学与功能性结果;Studer原位回肠新膀胱顺向蠕动输入袢能够保护上尿路形态与功能。     

A three-centre experience of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy: initial results

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a retrospective three-centre series, the initial experience and results of patients undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 104 suitable consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction between June 1994 and April 2003. The initial histology, operating times, transfusion rates, complications, mortality rates, continence rates, potency rates, and cancer control rates were recorded. RESULTS: The median (range) follow-up was 48 (6-113) months; 90 patients had a reconstruction with a 'Studer' neobladder, 12 with a 'Hautmann W pouch' and two with a 'T pouch' ileal neobladder. There were 24 early complications, and in eight patients re-operation was required; there was one death after surgery. There were 14 late complications and 10 patients required re-operation. The daytime continence rate was 99% and the nocturnal continence rate 78%. Five patients required intermittent self-catheterization. Twenty-two patients died from local and/or distant recurrences, and four from other causes. CONCLUSIONS: Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction provides excellent continence rates, and both acceptable complication and mortality rates. Suitable patients undergoing radical cystectomy should be offered orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.     

Hand-assisted versus pure laparoscopic radical cystectomy: A clinical outcome comparison

Objectives:   To compare hand-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (HALRC) with the standard laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) in an attempt to delineate their role in bladder cancer treatment.
Methods:   We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients who underwent HALRC (HALRC group, 31 cases) or LRC (LRC group, 20 cases). Urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally through the hand port or the incision for specimen retrieval, respectively, in the two groups. Baseline patient characteristics, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.
Results:   There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, previous abdominal surgeries, or tumor stage between the two groups. Although the LRC group yielded a significantly smaller incision for urinary diversion than the HALRC group (7.3 cm vs 6.2 cm, P  < 0.05), mean operative time, mean estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, time to oral intake and complications were similar in the two groups. Hernia formation was observed with increased frequency in the HALRC group. No patients in the HALRC group and only one patient (5%) in the LRC group presented a positive margin.
Conclusions:   The HALRC group yielded the same outcomes as the LRC group, except with a larger incision. The hand-assisted approach might be preferred for obese patients or those having multiple previous abdominal surgeries.     

腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱的随访疗效观察

目的随访探讨腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的疗效。方法 61例行腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术的膀胱癌患者,随访1~24个月,每月定期门诊复查、电话等方式详细记录术后自主排尿情况等资料。结果所有患者均未见肿瘤复发。42例患者于拔除尿管后28~35d自控通畅排尿,每次尿量约180~410mL,每次间隔60~180min;13例患者出院后仍有不同程度日间尿失禁现象,6例有夜间尿失禁现象;3例术前性功能正常男性患者出现勃起功能障碍;彩超及静脉肾盂造影检查发现4例单侧肾积水,2例双肾积水。结论腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术肿瘤控制好,患者术后可具有较好的控尿功能和较低的尿失禁发生率,部分有效保存性功能,能够有效确保患者的生活质量。     

膀胱肿瘤膀胱切除及尿流改道13年总结(附56例报告)

目的 评价膀胱切除治疗膀胱癌的疗效及四种不同方式尿流改道的远期效果。方法 回顾分析1992年至2004年膀胱癌行膀胱切除及尿流改道术56例临床资料。结果 随访1—10年，5年生存率58．8％，生存超过10年者1例，大部分患者对正位可控肠代膀胱控尿满意。结论 膀胱切除并不能提高5年生存率，对部分浸润性膀胱癌可选择地采用保留膀胱手术；正位可控回肠膀胱术是最理想的尿流改道方式。     

A three‐centre experience of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy: revisiting the initial experience,and results in 104 patients

OBJECTIVE

To assess, in a retrospective three‐centre series, a second analysis of the initial experience and results of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction (ONR) after an additional 4 years of follow‐up.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The medical records of 104 suitable consecutive patients undergoing RC and ONR between June 1994 and April 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The complications, mortality, continence and cancer control rates were all recorded.

RESULTS

The median (range) follow‐up was 88 (52–156) months; 90 patients had reconstruction with a ‘Studer’ neobladder, 12 with a Hautmann W pouch and 2 with a ‘T pouch’ ileal neobladder. There were 24 early complications, and one death after surgery. There were 32 late complications. The daytime continence rate was 98% and the nocturnal continence rate was 76%. Ten patients required intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC). In all, 30 patients had local and/or distant recurrences, all of whom died. Seven patients died from other causes.

CONCLUSIONS

ONR provides excellent long‐term continence rates and both acceptable complication and mortality rates. Suitable patients undergoing RC should be offered ONR.     

原位回肠新膀胱术15 例临床报告

目的 探讨膀胱全切除术后原位M形回肠新膀胱的疗效.方法 膀胱恶性肿瘤患者15例行膀胱全切除术,采用M形原位回肠新膀胱术进行尿流改道.结果 围手术期无1例死亡,随访3-20个月(平均12.4个月).膀胱容量(340±23.71)mL(210-430 mL),膀胱充盈压为(20.12±0.64)cmH2O(13.50-33.91 cmH2O),排尿膀胱压为(77.02±12.11)cmH2O(53.21-87.09 cmH2O),残余尿(15.43±34.33)mL(3-88 mL),最大尿流率(18.16±5.60)mL/s(11.38-19.17 mL/s).无明显输尿管梗阻及返流.未发现尿道残端复发肿瘤.无排尿困难者,白天均可控制排尿;术后大于6个月者无夜间遗尿,术后半年15例复查B 超无肾积水表现,复查生化指标,肾功能电解质在正常范围内,1例术前肾积水及肾功能异常者术后为正常.结论 原位回肠新膀胱术是较理想的膀胱全切术后的尿流改道方式.     

程序化流程腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除+Studer新膀胱术的初步探讨

目的:评价程序化流程进行腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除+Studer原位新膀胱术的安全性和有效性,并加深对其流程的认识。方法:回顾性分析2017年12月～2018年6月我院收治的10例按程序化流程行腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除+Studer新膀胱术的膀胱癌患者的临床资料,包括患者年龄、性别、手术时间、术后并发症、术后病理及术后短期尿控能力等。结果:患者年龄43～71岁,平均60岁,所有患者均按照流程顺利完成手术,平均手术时间约296min,平均失血量约145ml。术后病理提示2例T_aN_0M_0,5例T_1N_0M_0,3例T_2N_0M_0,清扫淋巴结均为阴性,手术切缘均为阴性。短期随访过程中其中一例尿道狭窄入院,再次行尿道内切开术;1例由于孤立肾输尿管狭窄行肾穿刺造瘘术;现患者均健在,未发生局部转移,白天和夜晚有良好的尿控能力。结论:程序化流程腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除+Studer原位新膀胱术操作简单,短期肿瘤根治效果良好并且具有良好的尿控能力,远期疗效及肿瘤控制效果仍有待对更大样本进行长期随访。