经肝动脉栓塞化疗与激光消融术联合治疗原发性肝癌

目的研究原发性肝癌的综合性介入治疗方法和疗效。方法对A组38例原发性肝癌患者，采用经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(TACE)，使用药物为吡柔比星(THP)50mg 丝裂霉素(MMC)10mg 卡铂(CBP)300mg 超化碘油。3～5次疗程后，全部病人在CT引导下行激光消融术。与B组38例原发性肝癌患者，仅行经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术。使用药物也为THP50mg MMC10mg CBP300mg 超化碘油，行3～8个疗程。治疗后复查二组患者的CT、甲胎蛋白(AFP)值及肝功能。结果A组治疗后肿瘤完全坏死率为85．4％。32例AFP值升高的患者，28例下降，3例不变，1例上升。治疗后第1、2年生存率分别为100％、81．5％。B组治疗后肿瘤完全坏死率为41．6％，28例AFP值升高患者中，下降12例，不变5例，上升11例。治疗后第1、2年生存率分别为68．4％、39．4％。两组肿瘤完全坏死率、AFP值的下降情况及第1、2年生存率的差异均有显著意义(其相应P值皆为0．001)。结论TACE联合激光消融术能有效地提高原发性肝癌的治疗效果，是1种值得推广的肝癌治疗的新模式。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗大肝癌的疗效及生存分析

目的 研究肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)对比单一TACE治疗大肝癌患者的临床疗效及生存分析.方法 回顾性分析2011年7月-2014年7月接受治疗的原发性大肝癌患者67例,按治疗方式的不同分为对照组(仅行TACE治疗)32例和研究组(TACE联合RFA治疗)35例,采用修订的实体瘤治疗疗效评价标准(mRECIST标准)判定治疗后的近期疗效,并对所有患者随访.结果 术后1个月对患者治疗的近期疗效进行评估,研究组CR为68.5％(24/35),PR为22.8％(8/35),SD为8.6％ (3/35),对比对照组CR为40.6％ (13/32),PR为46.8％(15/32),SD为6.3％ (2/32),PD为6.3％(2/32),两组患者CR及PR间差异有统计学意义(P=0.022,P=0.039),但两组的客观有效率(ORR)以及疾病控制率(DCR)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组1、2、3年生存率分别为74.3％、44.1％、20.5％,中位生存时间为22个月,对照组术后生存率分别为52.8％、23.1％、7.9％,中位生存时间为13个月.两组对比分析生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.035).结论 应用TACE联合RFA治疗大肝癌患者具有良好的近期疗效,但与单一TACE相比差异无统计学意义,远期疗效方面能有效延长患者的生存时间,两种治疗方法优势互补,对于大肝癌患者的远期预后水平具有重要的临床意义.     

经导管化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的应用及进展

介绍了肝癌TACE的发展历史，以及治疗时临床疗效的提高，化疗药物的作用及用量，伴有静脉癌栓和动静脉瘘时的处理，治疗后肝功能、肿瘤恶性程度和患者生存质量的改变等方面的研究进展。     

射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的应用

以超声、CT等为主要引导方式的经皮射频消融(RFA)等局部热消融技术在肝癌治疗中发挥了重要的作用.然而,对血供丰富的较大肝癌疗效受限.经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)可有效减少肝癌的血供,并具有创伤小,适应证广,并发症少等特点,成为肝癌患者姑息治疗及术前、术后新辅助治疗的有效手段之一.因此,富血供肝肿瘤RFA治疗前应用TACE,通过栓塞肿瘤供血动脉造成肿瘤缺血,进而减少血流带走热量,可扩大消融范围提高RFA疗效,是肝癌RFA联合治疗常用的方法.本文针对RFA联合TACE治疗肝癌的应用现状及疗效进行综述.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合CT导向射频消融术治疗中、晚期肝癌的评价

目的 探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗联合CT导向下的射频消融治疗中、晚期原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 85例中、晚期原发性肝癌患者按单双日法分组原则分为A、B2组。A组：经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗组(TACE组)，共43例；B组：肝动脉栓塞化疗联合CT导向下的射频消融治疗组(联合治疗组)，共42例。结果 TACE组的完全坏死率、初次复发率及1年存活率分别20．93％、39．53％和79．07％；而联合治疗组分别为92．86％、9．53％和97．62％。两组间完全坏死率、初次复发率及1年生存率的差异皆有显著性意义(其相应P值分别为0．001，0．004，0．009)。结论 肝动脉栓塞化疗联合CT导向下的射频消融治疗效果明显优于单纯栓塞化疗。     

外生型肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗前后血供特点研究

目的 探讨外生型肝癌(P-HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗前后血供特点.方法 回顾性分析39例P-HCC患者TACE治疗前后血管造影表现,总结其血供特点.结果 39例TACE术前血管造影发现有70支动脉参与供血,以39支(56.0％)肿瘤所在肝叶动脉供血为主,23例(59.0％)伴有31支(44.0％)肝外寄生性血管.TACE治疗前有无寄生性血管和肿瘤直径有相关性(x2=164.00,P＜0.001),与部位无相关性(x2=7.358,P=0.061).TACE治疗后所有血管造影发现有131支动脉参与供血,31例(79.5％)伴有肝外寄生性血管;其中肝内动脉53支(40.5％),肝外寄生性血管78支(59.5％),新增寄生性血管47支,呈逐渐增多(x2 =4.278,P=0.039).TACE术后肿瘤易由近邻血管获得寄生性供血.结论 P-HCC肿瘤TACE治疗前后血供以肝动脉为主,肝外寄生性血管为辅.寄生性血管与肿瘤大小密切相关,其血供丰富,来源以就近为原则.TACE治疗后易形成新的寄生性血管.     

经肝动脉化疗、栓塞治疗原发性肝癌100例随访

自 1 990年 3月～ 1 997年 3月 ,我院共收治了42 0例不能手术切除的肝癌 ,作者分析了进行完整随访的 1 0 0例 ,探讨肝动脉化疗、栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的中远期生存率的影响因素。材料和方法一、一般资料1 0 0例中 ,男 75例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 2 0～ 70岁 ,平均 49岁 ,均经临床检查诊断为肝癌 ,所有病例初诊时 ,均因无手术指征而行肝动脉化疗加栓塞。二、方法采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术 ,先行腹腔动脉或肝总动脉造影 ,后将导管尽可能超选择性插入肿瘤供血动脉内 ,进行肝动脉化疗或栓塞 ,常用的药物有ＤＤＰ1 0ｍｇ ;ＭＭＣ 2 0ｍｇ ;5 Ｆｕ 1 .0…     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗原发性大肝癌的临床观察

目的 分析采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融方法对治疗原发性大肝癌的具体临床作用.方法 选择2010年8月～2011年9月在我院治疗的54例原发性大肝癌患者作为研究对象,并对治疗后效果进行跟踪.首先使用动脉化疗栓塞法治疗,治疗次数是2～3次;再给予射频消融治疗2～4周.手术后跟踪观察患者的各种临床表现及复发情况等.结果 比较手术前后患者情况,手术后54例患者的各种症状有所缓解.甲胎蛋白下降的患者有45例,没发生变化的有3例,升高的有6例.所有病例的平均生存时间是13个月.结论 肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术在治疗不可切除的原发性大肝癌中具有明显的作用,详细结论还需进一步验证.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的：评价联合应用肝动脉化疗栓塞和经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床应用价值。方法：经病理、AFP或影像学证实的符合标准的中晚期肝癌112例,按治疗方法随机分为单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞组（TACE）和TACE＋射频消融组（RFA）。TACE组54例,TACE＋RFA组58例。结果：TACE组治疗有效率为44%,联合治疗的有效率为68%,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;TACE组患者1年、2年和3年生存率分别为85%、64%和23%,中位生存期1.725年,联合介入治疗组患者1年、2年和3年生存率分别为93%、88%和79%,中位生存期为2.296年。联合介入治疗组的生存率及生存期显著高于TACE组（P〈0.05）。结论：联合应用肝动脉化疗栓塞和经皮射频消融治疗可显著提高中晚期肝癌患者的生存率,延长生存期。     

Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma of 2 to 5 cm in Diameter: Comparison with Surgical Resection

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with surgical resection in patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranging from 2 to 5 cm.

Materials and Methods

The study participants were enrolled over a period of 29 months and were comprised of 37 patients in a combined therapy group and 47 patients in a surgical resection group. RFA was performed the day after TACE, and surgical resection was performed by open laparotomy. The two groups were compared with respect to the length of hospital stay, rates of major complication, and rates of recurrence-free and overall survival.

Results

Major complications occurred more frequently in the surgical resection group (14.9%) than in the combined therapy group (2.7%). However, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.059). The rates of recurrence-free survival at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were similar between the combined therapy group (89.2%, 75.2%, 69.4% and 69.4%, respectively) and the surgical resection group (81.8%, 68.5%, 68.5% and 65%, respectively) (p = 0.7962, log-rank test). The overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years were also similar between groups (97.3%, 86.5%, 78.4% and 78.4%, respectively, in the combined therapy group, and 95.7%, 89.4%, 84.3% and 80.3%, respectively, in the surgical resection group) (p = 0.6321, log-rank test).

Conclusion

When compared with surgical resection for the treatment of a single HCC ranging from 2 to 5 cm, RFA combined with TACE shows similar results in terms of recurrence-free and overall survival rates.     

Radiofrequency Ablation for Viable Hepatocellular Carcinoma around Retained Iodized Oil after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: Usefulness of Biplane Fluoroscopy Plus Ultrasound Guidance

Objective

To assess the technical feasibility and local efficacy of biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) around retained iodized oil after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and Methods

Our prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all participating patients. For patients with viable HCC around retained iodized oil after TACE, biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided RFA was performed. We evaluated the rate of technical success and major complications on a post-RFA CT examination and local tumor progression with a follow-up CT.

Results

Among 40 consecutive patients, 19 were excluded due to one of the following reasons: poorly visible HCC on fluoroscopy (n = 13), high risk location (n = 2), RFA performed under monoplane fluoroscopy and US guidance (n = 2), and poorly identifiable new HCCs on US (n = 2). The remaining 21 patients with 21 viable HCCs were included. The size of total tumors ranged from 1.4 to 5.0 cm (mean: 3.2 cm) in the longest diameter. Technical success was achieved for all 21 HCCs, and major complications were observed in none of the patients. During the follow-up period (mean, 20.3 months; range, 6.5-29.9 months), local tumor progression was found in two patients (2/21, 9.5%). Distant intrahepatic metastasis developed in 76.2% (16/21) of patients.

Conclusion

When retained iodized oil around the tumor after TACE hampers the targeting of the viable tumor for RFA, biplane fluoroscopy plus US-guided RFA may be performed owing to its technical feasibility and effective treatment for viable HCCs.     

Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Chemoembolization for Intermediate-Sized (3-5 cm) Hepatocellular Carcinomas Under Dual Guidance of Biplane Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography

Objective

To assess the technical feasibility and local efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for an intermediate-sized (3-5 cm in diameter) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) under the dual guidance of biplane fluoroscopy and ultrasonography (US).

Materials and Methods

Patients with intermediate-sized HCCs were treated with percutaneous RFA combined with TACE. RFA was performed under the dual guidance of biplane fluoroscopy and US within 14 days after TACE. We evaluated the rate of major complications on immediate post-RFA CT images. Primary technique effectiveness rate was determined on one month follow-up CT images. The cumulative rate of local tumor progression was estimated with the use of Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Twenty-one consecutive patients with 21 HCCs (mean size: 3.6 cm; range: 3-4.5 cm) were included. After TACE (mean: 6.7 d; range: 1-14 d), 20 (95.2%) of 21 HCCs were visible on fluoroscopy and were ablated under dual guidance of biplane fluoroscopy and US. The other HCC that was poorly visible by fluoroscopy was ablated under US guidance alone. Major complications were observed in only one patient (pneumothorax). Primary technique effectiveness was achieved for all 21 HCCs in a single RFA session. Cumulative rates of local tumor progression were estimated as 9.5% and 19.0% at one and three years, respectively.

Conclusion

RFA combined with TACE under dual guidance of biplane fluoroscopy and US is technically feasible and effective for intermediate-sized HCC treatment.     

Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinomas

Although surgical resection remains the best option as potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, radiofrequency thermal ablation has begun to receive much attention as an effective minimally invasive technique for the local control of unresectable malignant hepatic tumors. Most recent radiofrequency devices equipped with a powerful generator and larger needle electrode permit larger thermal lesions, up to 5 cm in diameter, with a single ablation. In this article, the author reviews the technical developments and early clinical results obtained with radiofrequency ablation techniques.     

术前经动脉化疗栓塞对肝细胞癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 评价术前经导管动脉化疗栓塞(17ACE)对肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞凋亡的影响。资料与方法经手术病理证实的HCC136例，其中行1～5次TACE后Ⅱ期手术切除79例(TACE组)，按治疗方式不同分4组，A组：仅灌注化疗药物ll例，治疗1～4次；B组：化疗药 碘化油栓塞33例，治疗1～5次；C组：化疗药 碘化油 明胶海绵颗粒栓塞23例，治疗1—3次；D组：化疗药 碘化油、无水乙醇、明胶海绵颗粒栓塞12例，治疗1～3次。单纯手术57例(非TACE组)，用TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick—end labeling)法检测凋亡细胞，用免疫组织化学检测各标本Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果 TACE组的A、B、C、D各组HCC细胞凋亡指数及Bax蛋白表达均显著高于非TACE组；而Bcl-2蛋白表达及Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达比值TACE组的A、B、C、D各组均显著低于非TACE组。结论 术前TACE通过上调Bax蛋白表达，下调Bcl-2蛋白表达及Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达比值使HCC细胞发生凋亡。     

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status

Ablation therapy is one of the best curative treatment options for malignant liver tumors, and can be an alternative to resection. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of primary and secondary liver cancers can be performed safely using percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open surgical techniques, and RFA has markedly changed the treatment strategy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Percutaneous RFA can achieve the same overall and disease-free survival as surgical resection for patients with small HCC. The use of a laparoscopic or open approach allows repeated placements of RFA electrodes at multiple sites to ablate larger tumors. RFA combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization will make the treatment of larger tumors a clinically viable treatment alternative. However, an accurate evaluation of treatment response is very important to secure successful RFA therapy. Since a sufficient safety margin (at least 0.5 cm) can prevent local tumor recurrences, an accurate evaluation of treatment response is very important to secure successful RFA therapy. To minimize complications of RFA, clinicians should be familiar with the imaging features of each type of complication. Appropriate management of complications is essential for successful RFA treatment.     

Percutaneous Management of a Bronchobiliary Fistula after Radiofrequency Ablation in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure for the treatment of hepatic tumors. While RFA is associated with relatively low morbidity, sporadic bronchobiliary fistulae due to thermal damage may occur after RFA, although the incidence is rare. We describe a patient with a bronchobiliary fistula complicated by a liver abscess that occurred after RFA. This fistula was obliterated after placement of an external drainage catheter into the liver abscess for eight weeks.     

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation and Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Rate and Risk Factors for Local Recurrence

PURPOSE: To analyze local recurrence-free rates and risk factors for recurrence following percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: One hundred and nine nodules treated by RFA and 173 nodules treated by TACE were included. Hypovascular nodules were excluded from this study. Overall local recurrence-free rates of each treatment group were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The independent risk factors of local recurrence and the hazard ratios were analyzed using Cox's proportional-hazards regression model. Based on the results of multivariate analyses, we classified HCC nodules into four subgroups: central nodules < or =2 cm or >2 cm and peripheral nodules < or =2 cm or >2 cm. The local recurrence-free rates of these subgroups for each treatment were also calculated. RESULTS: The overall local recurrence-free rate was significantly higher in the RFA group than in the TACE group (p = 0.013). The 24-month local recurrence-free rates in the RFA and TACE groups were 60.0% and 48.9%, respectively. In the RFA group, the only significant risk factor for recurrence was tumor size >2 cm in greatest dimension. In the TACE group, a central location was the only significant risk factor for recurrence. In central nodules that were < or =2 cm, the local recurrence-free rate was significantly higher in the RFA group than in the TACE group (p < 0.001). In the remaining three groups, there was no significant difference in local recurrence-free rate between the two treatment methods. CONCLUSION: A tumor diameter of >2 cm was the only independent risk factor for local recurrence in RFA treatment, and a central location was the only independent risk factor in TACE treatment. Central lesions measuring < or =2 cm should be treated by RFA.     

CT引导下射频消融术在肝脏恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床应用

目的评价肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合全麻下CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融(RFA)治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效。资料与方法原发性肝癌患者20例,肿瘤切除术后复发6例,肝转移瘤5例,男23例,女8例,年龄40～74岁。所有患者均先行TACE术(1～2次),然后在全麻CT引导下经皮穿刺行RFA治疗,其中2例联合手术行RFA治疗,2例做了2次RFA治疗。随诊2～36个月,观察并发症和疗效。结果 31例患者共进行43次RFA治疗,未出现任何严重并发症。23个肿瘤完全坏死,11个部分坏死。结论 TACE联合全麻下CT引导下RFA治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是一种有效的微创治疗方法。