Primary fallopian tube carcinoma

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare gynaecological tumour that accounts for 0.14–1.8% of genital malignancies. The most common age of occurrence is between 40 and 65 years, and the mean age is 55 years. The factors that contribute to its appearance are not well known. Population studies show that the mean incidence of PFTC is 3.6 per million women per annum. Overall survival percentages for patients with PFTC are generally low, in the range of 22–57%. Pre-operative diagnosis is rare and PFTC is usually confirmed by a pathologist, but earlier diagnosis with early clinical manifestation and prompt investigation improves the prognosis. Both PFTC and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are treated with similar surgical and chemotherapy methods. Studies have shown that the prognosis for PFTC is worse than that for EOC or other primary gynaecological tumours. This article reviews and presents the current updates of this rare gynaecological malignancy.     

Simultaneous squamous carcinoma involving the fallopian tube and the uterine cervix

INTRODUCTION: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma are extremely rare and are most commonly of serous or endometrioid type. Primary squamous cell carcinomas are exceptional with only three cases reported in the English literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the case of a 43-year-old woman operated for cervical carcinoma. RESULTS: Histologic examination, showed a squamous cell carcinoma of cervix with post operative discovery of a concomitant microinvasive squamous carcinoma of fallopian tube developing on high grade dysplasia and in situ carcinoma lesions. CONCLUSION: Clinico-pathological features of fallopian tube carcinoma, in general, and squamous carcinoma, in particular, will be discussed.     

Laparoscopic management of fallopian tube carcinoma with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

An asymptomatic tumor of the fallopian tube with elevation of serum CA125 concentration was found in a 75-year-old woman during a search for primary malignancy that was causing paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with a positive anti-Yo antibody. Since there were no apparent metastatic lesions detected by image diagnostic procedures, a diagnosis of early fallopian tube carcinoma was made preoperatively. After confirmation of the presence of a left tubal tumor without apparent invasion to the adjacent organs and peritoneal metastasis, laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was subsequently performed. The histopathological diagnosis was of moderately differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube with marked plasma cell infiltration. After surgery, the CA125 value immediately decreased, and there was no evidence of tumor recurrence noted thereafter. The patient died 51 months after surgery due to progression of neurological symptoms.     

输卵管癌复发和生存影响因素的多因素分析

目的:总结输卵管癌的临床特征,探讨影响输卵管癌复发与生存的因素。方法:回顾分析2001年1月至2011年5月黑龙江省肿瘤医院收治的52例原发性输卵管癌患者的临床资料,采用Cox风险比例回归模型进行生存分析。结果:52例患者的复发率为59.6%(31/52),生存率为42.3%(22/52)。单因素分析显示,FIGO分期、CA125值、组织分级、残余病灶大小与输卵管癌的复发和生存预后有关。多因素分析显示,FIGO分期、CA125值、组织分级、残余病灶大小是影响输卵管癌复发的重要因素,FIGO分期、CA125值、残余病灶大小是影响患者生存预后的重要因素。结论:FIGO分期晚、术前CA125高、组织分化差、残余病灶大的患者复发的风险大;FIGO分期晚、术前CA125高、残余病灶大的患者预后差。对于有上述危险因素的患者应加强随访,及时给予干预治疗,从而提高患者术后生存期,改善患者生存质量。     

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: the Queensland experience

Abstract. Obermair A, Taylor KH, Janda M, Nicklin JL, Crandon AJ, Perrin L. Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: the Queensland experience.
The pupose of this study was to review the experience with fallopian tube carcinoma in Queensland and to compare it with previously published data. Thirty-six patients with primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at the Queensland Gynaecological Cancer Center from 1988 to 1999 were reviewed in a retrospective clinicopathologic study. All patients had primary surgery and 31/36 received chemotherapy postoperatively. Abnormal vaginal bleeding (15/36) and abdominal pain (14/36) were the most common presenting symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Median follow-up was 70.3 months and the median overall survival was 68.1 months. Surgical stage I disease ( P = 0.02) and the absence of residual tumor after operation ( P = 0.03) were the only factors associated with improved survival. Twenty of the 36 patients (55%) presented with stage I disease and survival was 62.7% at 5 years. No patient with postoperative residual tumor survived.
The majority of the patients with fallopian tube carcinoma present with stage I disease at diagnosis, but their survival probability is low compared with that of other early stage gynecological malignancies. If primary surgical debulking cannot achieve macroscopic tumor clearence, the chance of survival is extremely low.     

Improved optimal cytoreduction rates for stages IIIC and IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer: a change in surgical approach

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the incorporation of extensive upper abdominal debulking procedures on the rates of optimal primary cytoreduction and complications in stages IIIC and IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinomas. METHODS: Two groups of patients were identified for comparison. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 70 consecutive patients who underwent "standard" primary cytoreductive surgery before May 2000. Group 2, the study group, was composed of 70 consecutive patients who underwent surgery after January 2001, during which time, a more comprehensive debulking of upper abdominal disease was used, including diaphragm stripping/resection, splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, liver resection, resection of porta hepatis tumor, and cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The median age of the entire cohort was 60 years (range, 36-88 years). The majority had stage IIIC disease (86%) and serous histology (76%). Optimal cytoreduction (residual disease 相似文献   

An unusual case of uterine tube cancer (transitional cell carcinoma) co-existing with appendicitis: a case report

The authors present an exceptional case of a transitional cell carcinoma of the uterine tube in a 59-year-old female patient, co-existing with appendicitis. Originally, the patient was assigned to surgery due to an inflamed tumour of the right adnexa. A mid-surgery diagnose revealed appendicitis by chance, but in the course of an examination of the right uterine tube, performed on the spot, no progressive carcinoid process was univocally diagnosed. Therefore, the treatments applied were a bilateral salpingectomy and appendectomy. In the course of the final pathomorphological examination, using an immunohistochemical technique, a primary cancer of the uterine tube composed of transitional epithelium cells (transitional cell carcinoma G-2, pT1a) was diagnosed. At the time of the second surgery, a radical hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and omentectomy were performed and afterwards, the patient was treated with a post-operational radiotherapy. The authors support the thesis that a primary cancer of the uterine tube may, as it looks, suggest a different ailment and present diagnostic problems.     

Torsion of the fallopian tube

Isolated torsion of the Fallopian tube is an uncommon condition. It occurs at all ages, though most frequently at the menstruating age, in normal as well as diseased tubes, in pregnancy and even after tubal sterilization. A case is reported and the symptoms, differential diagnoses, etiology and diagnostic procedures are discussed. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary if a twisted tube or a part of it is to be preserved; especially early laparoscopy may be a momentous diagnostic tool in these cases.     

Para-aortic lymphadenectomy for primary fallopian tube cancer

Objective

To investigate the topography of lymph node spread and the need for para-aortic lymphadenectomy in primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC).

Methods

Twenty-six women were diagnosed with PFTC at Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Seoul, Korea, between March 1992 and November 2009. Of the 26 patients, we retrospectively analyzed 15 patients who underwent complete staging surgery, including bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy.

Results

The median follow-up period was 57.9 months (range, 3-185 months) and the 5-year survival rate was 86.3%. Five (33.3%) patients were diagnosed with FIGO stage I, 1 (6.7%) with stage II, and 9 (60%) with stage III cancer. The median number of lymph nodes removed was 53.8 (range, 18-106 nodes). Four (26.7%) patients had nodal involvement: 2 patients with para-aortic lymph node involvement and 2 patients with both pelvic and para-aortic lymph node involvement. None of the patients was positive for pelvic lymph nodes alone.

Conclusion

A comprehensive para-aortic lymphadenectomy was necessary for accurate staging in PFTC.     

A phase II trial of oxaliplatin,docetaxel, and bevacizumab as first-line therapy of advanced cancer of the ovary,peritoneum, and fallopian tube

Objective

To determine the safety and efficacy of the novel combination of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab as first-line treatment of advanced cancer of the ovary, peritoneum or fallopian tube after initial debulking surgery.

Methods

Eligible patients (stage IB-IV) were treated with 6 cycles of oxaliplatin (85 mg/m²), docetaxel (75 mg/m²), and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks, followed by single-agent bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks to complete one year of therapy. The primary endpoint was 12-month progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

A total of 132 patients (80 with measurable disease at baseline; 52 with non-measurable, evaluable disease at baseline) enrolled and received study treatment. At diagnosis, 76.5% of patients had stage III disease and 20% had stage IV. 62.9% were optimally cytoreduced. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (42.4%), leukopenia (13.6%), hypertension (8.3%), fatigue (6.1%), and nausea (6.1%). One patient (0.8%) had a fatal gastrointestinal perforation. The best overall confirmed response rate (complete response + partial response [measurable disease subgroup]) was 58.6% (95% CI 49%, 67%). CA-125 response rates for the measurable and non-measurable disease subgroups were 83.0% and 81.5%, respectively. The 12-month PFS rate for the measurable disease subgroup was 65.7% (95% CI 53.4%, 76.7%); median PFS was 16.3 (95% CI 12.6, 19.6) months. Median overall survival was 47.3 (95% CI 34.1, upper limit not applicable) months.

Conclusions

This novel treatment regimen may provide a promising therapeutic approach for women with ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube carcinoma. No unanticipated safety concerns were identified.     

Occult cancer of the fallopian tube in a BRCA2 germline mutation carrier at prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy

BACKGROUND: Women with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a significantly increased risk of developing ovarian cancer compared with women in the general population and may consider bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy as a risk-reducing option. CASE: We report a case of occult fallopian tube cancer diagnosed at prophylactic surgery in a patient with a BRCA2 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: This report acts as a reminder of the importance of removing as much of the fallopian tube as possible during prophylactic surgery in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and of the need for careful pathological examination of surgical specimens after surgery.     

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium: A case report and literature review

Objective

To report a case and review published cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the endometrium.

Primary lobular carcinoma of the vulva: a case report

Primary breast carcinoma of the vulva is very rare, with only 13 cases so far reported in the English literature since 1936. We present the 14th case of primary breast cancer in the vulva and the second case with, on histology, lobular carcinoma in the entire lesion with oestrogen and progesterone receptors. This is also the first case in which anastrozole was used to treat vulval breast cancer in an attempt to modify the natural course of the disease.     

Late recurrence of Fallopian tube carcinoma in an incisional hernia

A 53 year old woman who had surgery for carcinoma of the Fallopian tube had an operation for an incisional hernia 15 years later. Histology of resected tissues revealed metastatic Fallopian tube carcinoma.     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

We report a case of a 75-year-old postmenopausal woman with primary fallopian tube carcinoma confined to the left fallopian tube in Stage IA-2, who is alive without evidence of disease three years after total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total omentectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated (grade 3) papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the left fallopian tube. Adjuvant irradiation was given. Primary fallopian cancer should be suspected by clinicians even if the presenting symptoms are atypical and the primary treatment remains surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. Appropriate therapy for each stage of the disease should be defined and new studies are needed to better depict the clinical course and prognostic factors.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

A primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) arising from the left fallopian tube in a perimenopausal 48-year-old woman is reported. Primary tubal LMS is an uncommon, exceedingly rare neoplasm, accounting for only a few reported cases so far. To our knowledge, the present case is the 17th tubal LMS reported in the English-language literature. The diagnosis is usually made at the time of laparotomy for a pelvic or adnexal mass or other gynaecological indications. As in ovarian neoplasms, the mainstay of treatment is represented by debulking surgery consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, random biopsies, peritoneal washing and excision of all the abdominal tumour masses. Although the approach is radical, the clinical behaviour is very poor. The role of adjuvant radio- or chemotherapy still remains unsolved.     

A right sliding indirect inguinal hernia containing paraovarian cyst,fallopian tube,and ovary: a case report

Albeit very uncommon, the hernia sac may contain unusual structures such as vermiform appendix, acute appendicitis, ovary, fallopian tube and, urinary bladder. Most of the cases of hernia containing ovary and fallopian tubes were reported to be found in children and, often accompanied with other congenital anomalies of genital tract. We present the first case of sliding inguinal hernia containing right ovary and fallopian tube and a right paraovarian cyst in 80-year-old, multiparous patient without any associated genital anomaly. The hernia was repaired with plication darn, while the paraovarian cyst was excised and adnexa were preserved. It is of utmost importance to keep in mind that the hernia sac may contain almost any abdominal organ, and surgical dissection should be carried out accordingly. Pathophysiologically, the ovary might be simply pulled along with a sliding paraovarian cyst or the paraovarian cyst might be accompanying the maldescended ovary. There seems to be a need for clinical and experimental studies to further explain the mechanisms that apply to the pathogenesis of sliding inguinal hernias.