糖尿病患者饮食治疗的健康教育

目的：探讨健康教育在提高糖尿病患者对食物交换份的计算以及平衡膳食等知识水平的方法,以减少糖尿病并发症的发生。方法：选择住院糖尿病患者98例为观察对象,对其实施饮食治疗相关知识的健康教育,主要内容为：计算总热量的方法,折算食物份的方法,平衡膳食的相关知识。结果：健康教育后患者对糖尿病饮食治疗知识掌握情况明显高于健康教育前（P〈0.05）,患者糖尿病并发症发生情况明显少于健康教育前（P〈0.05）。结论：对糖尿病患者进行饮食知识的健康教育,能提高患者的饮食治疗知识水平,帮助他们建立科学饮食观,对控制糖尿病并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

Controlling diabetes mellitus with diet therapy

Abstract

The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) using both standard and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) assays is becoming common in clinical practice. This article addresses the causes of CRP elevation and the use of different CRP assays in internal medicine, including cardiology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, infectious diseases, and oncology. We focus on the recent medical literature on the use of hs-CRP in cardiovascular disease risk stratification and management, including updated screening guidelines on the use of hs-CRP, such as those issued in 2009 by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. We also discuss the Reynolds Risk Score, which incorporates hs-CRP and family history with more standard cardiovascular risk factors (eg, tobacco use, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) and frequently leads to improved recategorization of cardiovascular disease risk levels. As the recently completed Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial indicated that statin therapy decreases the vascular events among persons with elevated hs-CRP by half, even when cholesterol levels are low, the inclusion of information on hs-CRP values with other cardiovascular risk factors may assist physicians in medical decision making for patients.     

低血糖生成指数膳食在2型糖尿病饮食治疗中的应用

[目的] 观察低血糖生成指数(GI)膳食教育在2型糖尿病病人中的应用效果.[方法] 72例2型糖尿病病人随机分为两组,观察组以食物GI为主要教育材料,对照组以食品交换份(FEL)为主要教育材料,观察教育前后病人对所传授知识的接受程度、饮食行为改变以及血糖变化.[结果]观察组病人教育后选择低GI食物较教育前有很大改变,两组病人空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖值均有下降,但观察组降幅更大.[结论]饮食教育是控制血糖的有效手段,临床医护人员应将食物GI与FEL相结合指导2型糖尿病病人,科学合理地安排每日膳食.     

低血糖生成指数膳食在2型糖尿病饮食治疗中的应用

[目的]观察低血糖生成指数（GI）膳食教育在2型糖尿病病人中的应用效果。[方法]72例2型糖尿病病人随机分为两组,观察组以食物GI为主要教育材料,对照组以食品交换份（FEL）为主要教育材料,观察教育前后病人对所传授知识的接受程度、饮食行为改变以及血糖变化。[结果]观察组病人教育后选择低GI食物较教育前有很大改变,两组病人空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖值均有下降,但观察组降幅更大。[结论]饮食教育是控制血糖的有效手段,临床医护人员应将食物GI与FEL相结合指导2型糖尿病病人,科学合理地安排每日膳食。     

Implications of carbohydrate digestion time in diet therapy

The review is devoted to the problem of using information about dietary carbohydrate digestion in the practice of diet therapy of different diseases. Excessive consumption of carbohydrates, especially easily assimilable, entails disturbances not only in carbohydrate but also in fat metabolism. This increases the risk of development of many diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis and relevant sequelae, diabetes mellitus, etc. These diseases can be successfully treated by diet which changes structure and amount of diet carbohydrates. However, carbohydrate adsorption rate determined by glycemic index (GI) is underestimated. Now recommendations for diet therapy with application of GI are available only for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus though this index could be valuable for other diseases. A differential approach to the choice of carbohydrates-containing food with high, moderate or low GI would reduce the load on the insular apparatus and thus improve a clinical course of the disease. GI consideration in diet guides is necessary in practical activity of medical professionals.     

膳食疗法与心理疗法治疗非特异性结肠炎的效果观察

目的 :探讨膳食与心理疗法治疗非特异性结肠炎的效果。方法 :按非特异性溃疡性结肠炎诊断标准 (草案 ) ,对II期入院患者分组观察 ,A组在药物治疗的同时 ,加强心理与膳食治疗 ,B组单纯药物治疗。结果 :12 2例患者治疗 3周后痊愈率明显不同 (P <0 0 1)。痊愈后患者 2年内的复发率也有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,经膳食与心理治疗患者复发率明显降低。结论 :非特异性结肠炎在药物治疗基础上 ,加强膳食与心理治疗可提高患者的治愈率 ,降低复发率     

The tailor-made diet therapy to improve obesity]

As the white adipose tissue, especially abdominal fat is an endocrine organ secreting adipocytokines, which induce insulin resistance, hypertension, and arteriosclerotic diseases, reduction of the abdominal fat is important. But effect of the diet therapy differs in each individual, because of the difference of energy expenditure. Since the relationship between the missense mutation (Trp64Arg) of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene and low energy expenditure in the obese Pima Indians was made clear, gene polymorphisms that mediate body weight are reported one after another. We also reported that one third of Japanese have the Trp64Arg mutation of beta 3-AR gene, which may produce obesity or difficulties in weight loss. Here we introduce the obesity-related genes, and report the importance of Tailor-made diet therapy based on molecular genetics to improve obesity.     

Is there a diet therapy for malignant tumors

None of the numerous und repeatedly recommended tumor diets' therapeutic effects have ever been proven. All types of diet are based on speculation. Starting points for a discussion on possible therapeutic mechanisms are the increased mineralocorticoid release as result of low sodium and high potassium uptake, the effects of a low fat intake on the immunological mechanisms, and the inhibitory effect on tumor growth by high carotene and vitamin C intake.