口服S抗原对抗原诱导性葡萄膜视网膜炎影响的实验研究

目的:观察口服牛视网膜S抗原对Wistar大鼠抗原诱导性葡萄膜视网膜炎(ATU)的影响。方法:用纯化牛视网膜S抗原和福氏完全佐剂的混合乳剂致敏大鼠,14d后接种S抗原于致敏鼠眼玻璃体腔复制AIU模型。观察致敏前后口服S抗原或牛血清白蛋白(BSA)对AIU眼部表现,组织学改变、血清抗体效价、迟发型超敏反应(DTH)、淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响。结果:致敏前后口服BSA对AIU的炎性反应和免疫反应无影响。与口服BSA组比较,预口服S抗原组在AIU第1、3、5d的临床分级参数显著降低,炎症持续时间显著缩短,组织炎性细胞浸润显著减轻,血清特异性抗体滴度降低,DTH显著降低,受S抗原刺激的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应显著降低,加入IL-2共孵育后S抗原刺激的淋巴细胞增殖反应增高。致敏后口服S抗原组在AIU第5d的临床分级参数、炎症持续时间和DTH显著降低,血清特异性抗体滴度降低。结论:口服S抗原可以抑制AIU的炎性反应、细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。     

自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎免疫预防的实验研究

自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎免疫预防的实验研究杜孝元王洪波李莉王颉吉施华强为探讨通过建立免疫耐受而达到预防自身免疫病的可能性，作者以实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎动物为模型，用大鼠建立了对Ｓ抗原的免疫耐受和对葡萄膜视网膜炎的免疫预防作用进行了研究。实验用...     

大鼠选择性门静脉栓塞的实验研究

目的 研究选择性门静脉栓塞的作用及安全性。方法 用α－氰基丙烯酸正辛酯选择性栓塞SD大鼠的门静脉左支,分别于术后1、3、7、14、30d处死,与正常大鼠比较,进行大体、组织学及增殖细胞核抗原染色观察,并检测血常规和肝功能。结果 被栓塞肝叶大片坏死、纤维化、萎缩,术后30d由栓塞前占全肝重70％降至8％（P＜0．01）。未栓塞肝叶代偿性肥大,术后30d重量达术前的3倍,门静脉分支扩张,肝细胞增生活跃,增殖细胞核抗原标记指数术后第1d升至术前水平的4．3倍（P＜0．01）,术后30d降至术前水平。血常规无明显变化,肝功能呈一过性改变,主要为转氨酶升高,2周内恢复正常。结论 选择性门静脉栓塞可使被栓塞肝叶明显萎缩而未栓塞肝叶代偿性增生肥大,效果安全可靠,为进一步用于临床肝癌治疗提供了实验依据。     

抗原及非特异触发剂诱发大鼠肥大细胞释放组胺的比较

<正> 不同的触发剂可通过不同的方式诱导肥大细胞释放组胺。特异性抗原与联结在细胞膜上的IgE抗体交联,导致细胞激活,快速分泌与颗粒有关的介质。除免疫触发外,肥大细胞释放组胺可由抗IgE、钙离子载体A23187、compound 48/80、ConA和碱性多肽等非特异触发剂介导。这些试剂表现出许     

大鼠小肠M细胞的表面形态和抗原粘附

扫描电镜观察发现，大鼠小肠Ｐｅｙｅｒ‘ｓ结表面可区分出三种类型的Ｍ细胞，其表面形态明显不同，对抗原（ＳＰＡ－金）的粘附能力亦有差别，提示Ｍ细胞处于不同的发生阶段或功能状态，其起源或演变可能与吸收细胞有一定的关系。     

增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞在幼年大鼠前脑的分布

目的　探讨幼年大鼠前脑内是否存在增殖细胞。方法　用增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)单克隆抗体PC10免疫组化研究。结果　PCNA阳性反应部位分两类 :一类为圆形或卵圆形深染颗粒 ,具有核的形态和大小 ,主要分布于吻侧迁移流、室管膜下带和部分血管壁 ;散在分布于尾壳核、运动皮质、隔区和斜角带 ;有时见“镜影核” ,主要存在于尾壳核 ;另一类为整胞体染色 ,见于室管膜、室管膜下带和吻侧迁移流。结论　幼年大鼠前脑内存在增殖细胞     

增殖细胞核抗原在实验性脑出血大鼠脑组织中的表达及其意义

研究实验性脑出血时大鼠脑组织中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达及其意义。将成年SD大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组和脑出血组;脑出血组大鼠通过立体定向术向脑内注入自体动脉血制成脑尾壳核出血模型,并按不同的再喂养时间(1、3、7、14及30d)分为5个亚组。运用RT-PCR检测PCNA mRNA表达水平,采用免疫组化单标和双标染色观察PCNA阳性细胞的分布,增殖水平及分化情况。RT-PCR结果显示,PCNA mRNA表达在脑出血后14d达高峰。免疫组化单标结果表明,PCNA阳性细胞主要分布于出血灶边缘、脉络丛、室管膜下层、胼胝体和额顶皮质等处。PCNA阳性细胞数在脑出血后1d开始增加,14d达高峰,随后渐下降,但30d时仍明显高于正常组和假手术组。免疫组化双标结果显示在脑出血侧纹状体和额顶皮质可见PCNA/GFAP双标阳性细胞,在额顶皮质可见PCNA/NF-200双标阳性细胞。以上结果提示,脑出血可诱导PCNA阳性细胞增殖、分化,并向出血灶周边区聚集,这可能是脑出血后神经功能恢复的重要物质基础。     

磁场对大鼠血压选择性作用的实验研究

本文观察了钕铁硼永磁体磁片产生的恒定磁场对正常大鼠、去甲肾上腺素引起血压升高的大鼠及肾性高血压模型大鼠的影响,结果表明：该磁场对正常Wistar大鼠的血压、心率均无影响;对去甲肾上腺素引起的中、轻度高血压有较好的抑制作用,且降压程度与时间、剂量呈正相关,对肾性高血压模型大鼠则没有影响,提示恒定弱磁场对大鼠血压的生物学效应取决于实验动物的机能状态。     

Leflunomide: Inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats

Leflunomide (LEF) is a novel immunomodulator which has been reported to be efficacious in experimental models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in treating rheumatoid arthritis in man. Leflunomide's ability to ameliorate ocular disease processes was investigated in a model of autoimmune eye disease, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU was induced by the injection of retinal S-antigen (S–Ag) into the foot-pad of Lewis rats. Leflunomide, or the reference compound cyclosporin A (CSA), was administered orally or topically (to one eye) each day beginning on the day of S–Ag injection. Drug efficacy was measured by the suppression in clinical signs of ocular inflammation and confirmed by histology. Both oral and topical ocular treatment with LEF suppressed the ocular disease signs and symptoms and retinal necrosis and reduced the S–Ag antibody levels associated with EAU in a dose-dependent manner. Both LEF and CSA were able to inhibit totally the disease manifestations of EAU; however, a comparison of the IC₅₀ and IC₉₀ values indicate that LEF is more potent than CSA in inhibiting EAU. These results suggest that leflunomide may be useful for treating autoimmune diseases of the eye.     

Effects of CD8 depletion on retinal soluble antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

During the later stages of soluble-antigen (sAg)-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), an increase in the relative number of CD8+ lymphocytes has been observed at the site of inflammation in the retina. It has been suggested that these late-appearing CD8+ cells might down-regulate this acute disease process. To determine the role of the CD8+ cells in EAU, Lewis rats were depleted of CD8+ cells prior to and during disease and the enucleated eyes examined histologically. The spleen cells from CD8-depleted rats were also examined for their ability to respond to concanavalin A (Con A) and to allogeneic targets as determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytotoxicity assays. The results suggest that depleting CD8+ cells had no effect on the course of disease and that CD8+ cells do not play a crucial role in the immunoregulation of EAU.     

Association of heat shock protein 70 induction and the amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) serves as a model of human endogeneous uveitis. In the present study we examined whether induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 by oral geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) administration had a therapeutic effect on murine EAU. When C57BL/6 mice that had received oral administration of GGA (500mg/kg) were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-derived peptide plus adjuvants, the expression levels of HSP70 mRNA and protein were rapidly and transiently upregulated in eyes of the GGA-treated mice, compared with those from vehicle-pretreated and IRBP-immunized mice. The antigen-specific T cell proliferation was partially suppressed in these mice treated with GGA. The mean EAU scores of the GGA-treated mice on day 21 and 28 (2.4+/-0.2 and 2.1+/-0.2, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (3.0+/-0.1 and 2.6+/-0.2, respectively p<0.01). The histopathological severity of the GGA-treated mice (average 0.33) was markedly milder than that in the controls (average 1.63, p<0.05) at day 21. The present findings demonstrate that the pharmacological induction of HSP70 may be applicable to the amelioration of ocular autoimmune diseases.     

脂多糖对吸烟大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞增殖细胞核抗原及肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Fas/FasL系统表达的影响

目的:研究脂多糖(LPS)对吸烟大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Fas/FasL系统表达的作用。方法:应用免疫组织化学SABC法和免疫荧光标记技术,检测不同时期LPS对吸烟大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞PCNA表达和肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Fas/FasL系统表达的影响。结果:吸烟大鼠AM上PCNA表达在第3、4月达高峰,LPS刺激的各组PCNA表达明显高于不加LPS组(P＜0.01);肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞Fas/FasL系统表达在加入LPS组表达显著高于未加LPS组(P＜0.01),且与AM上PCNA表达的变化相平行。结论:吸烟引起气道AM增殖速率加快,AM在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞损伤与修复过程中起重要作用。     

巨细胞病毒感染与粘附分子-1基因转录水平的实验研究

目的研宄人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)感染人胚肺成纤维细胞(human embryonic lung,HEL)后粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)在基因转录水平的表达,探讨HCMV感染的发病机制.方法采用RT-PCR技术研究细胞ICAM-1-1在基因转录水平的表达.结果感染巨细胞病毒后ICAM-1的表达上调,而UV灭活的CMV不能诱导ICAM-1的上调,中药金叶败毒制荆与更昔洛韦(Ganciclovir,GCv)不能阻止病毒诱导的ICAM-1的上调.MEK特异性抑制子PD98059可加强ICAM-1的上调作用.结论细胞ICAM-1-1在转录水平的上调可能是感染病毒的直接作用,MEK特异性抑制子PD98059加强ICAM-1上调作用.     

Neurogenic tumors in rats induced by ethylnitrosourea

Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was injected intravenously into Sprague-Dawley rats on day 15 of gestation at doses of 0, 2.50, 6.25 and 10.00 mg/kg. The resulting 1980 progeny were observed for up to 24 months in a life-time study (900 rats) or for periods of 171-325 days in a serial sacrifice study (1080 rats). The rats in both studies were randomized into three groups, one exposed to a radiofrequency, one sham-exposed and one cage control. Since no effects of the radiofrequency were observed on the ENU-induced tumors, the exposure groups were combined to facilitate study of the tumors by dose rate over time. All rats were necropsied and major organs were examined histologically including the brain, entire spinal cord, trigeminal nerves and all tumors. A total of 48 spinal cord tumors (SCT), 251 spinal nerve tumors, 264 cranial nerve tumors and 1058 brain tumors were studied. The tumors were characterized by incidence, histologic type, volume, malignancy and multiplicity. Ethylnitrosouria, as given in this study, was determined to be an effective carcinogen reliably inducing (in order of frequency) brain, cranial nerve, spinal nerve and SCT. Dose of ENU correlated positively with the frequency, multiplicity, volume, malignancy, and negatively with latency of brain tumors and to a lesser extent with nerve tumors.     

Effect of quercetin against dichlorvos induced nephrotoxicity in rats

This study was carried out to determine the effect of quercetin against renal injury induced by dichlorvos (DDVP) in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to control, DDVP-treated (7.2 mg/kg bw), three different doses of quercetin-treated (2 mg/kg bw, 10 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw) and different doses of quercetin plus DDVP-treated groups. DDVP was administered daily to rats through their drinking water, and quercetin was administered by intragastric gavage for 90 days. By the end of the 90th day in the DDVP-treated group, the following indices significantly increased compared with the control (P < 0.01): activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; level of malondialdehyde in kidney tissues; serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen; and level of β2-microglobulin, level of retinol-conjugated protein, and activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase in urine; by contrast, urine uric acid levels significantly decreased. However, in the quercetin (50 mg/kg bw) plus DDVP group, the aforementioned indices were significantly decreased compared with the DDVP-treated group (P < 0.05), except the urine uric acid levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Thus, rat exposure to DDVP caused renal injury, including renal tubular, glomerular filtration, and oxidative stress. These toxic effects were also regulated by high-dose quercetin. Histopathological examination revealed that exposure to DDVP induced extensive cell vacuolar denaturation, but milder histopathological alterations in the kidney tissues of rats co-treated with DDVP and quercetin (50 mg/kg bw) were observed. These results indicated that quercetin at 50 mg/kg bw can partly prevent the kidney injury induced by DDVP.     

高速投射物压力波致大鼠肝损伤的实验研究

本实验旨在通过压力波作用于大鼠，观察压力波能否引起肝脏的功能改变，为临床上高速投射物伤的诊治提供参考。结果发现：压力波致伤后，大鼠肺脏、肝脏表面有出血点片，可见肠穿孔及肝脏表面裂口等改变。     

问号赖型钩端螺旋体重组质粒pDL121及其表达产物的初步研究

目的:探讨问号赖型钩端螺旋体重组质粒pDL121外源基因及其表达产物23 kDa蛋白的特点。方法:用6种内切酶对pDL121行酶谱分析,用Digoxin标记的pDL121外源基因片段作探针对不同种属的钩体进行杂交,用SDS-PAGE制备23 kDa蛋白,Western blot鉴定其免疫原性。结果:pDL121外源基因没有6种内切酶的酶切位点,重组探针与致病性钩体(serovar lai strain 017,serovar hebdomadis strain56610,serovar pomona strain 56608)有杂交信号,与非致病性钩体(serovar patoc strain Patoc I,serovar illini strain 3055)无杂交信号,亦不识别大肠杆菌。23 kDa兔抗血清可识别pDL121体外表达的23 kDa蛋白带和赖型钩体017株超声抗原成份;其抗体滴度为1/12800;用pDL121细菌裂解液主动免疫豚鼠,可使豚鼠抵抗强毒力株钩体攻击。结论:pDL121外源基因可能是赖型钩体的一个新基因;该重组探针能鉴别致病性钩体和非致病性钩体;23 kDa抗原有良好的免疫原性,可能是赖型钩体017株的保护性抗原。     

人舌及涎腺中狂犬病毒抗原分布的观察

用免疫酶组化染色ＡＢＣ法，研究了３例狂犬病人舌及３例涎腺中狂犬病毒抗原（ＲＶＡｇ）的分布。在２例４／５舌切片中见其浆液腺细胞、末梢神经、少数横纹肌纤维及复盖上皮包括味细胞中含大量ＲＶＡｇ颗粒，１例舌切片中无浆液腺，为阴性反应。在３例４／９大涎腺切片中只在腺叶内或末梢神经有少量弱反应的ＲＶＡｇ。与以往报告的病犬、狐、臭鼠大涎腺中含大量ＲＶＡｇ不同。人大涎腺中ＲＶＡｇ含量远比舌中为少。人舌浆液腺区可能是ＲＶＡｇ多见部位，可能是一传染源。