6种表面处理法对纤维桩树脂核黏结力影响的实验研究

目的:研究纤维桩不同表面处理方法对树脂核材料与纤维桩黏结性能的影响.方法:纤维桩表面用6种方法处理(Contax、Clearfil SE Bond、Single Bond 2、Prime&Bond NT、Silane、Silane+Contax)后,用2种树脂类核材料分别制作桩核试件,万能力学试验机上测试桩核黏结力.结果:表面处理方法对纤维桩核的黏结力有显著影响(P＜0.05),Silane+Contax组黏结力均值最大(589.50±68.85)N,与除了Silane组以外的所有组差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).电镜结果显示,双固化树脂核材料Muhieore Heavy Body与Silane+Contax处理后纤维桩表面结合紧密,结合界面未见裂纹;对照组双固化树脂核材料Muhicore Heavy Body与未做表面处理的纤维桩表面结合较差,结合界面有裂隙存在.结论:表面处理方法对纤维桩树脂核黏结力有显著影响,硅烷偶联剂可显著提高纤维桩树脂核黏结力.     

LuxaCore冠核材料作为粘结剂对纤维桩固位力的影响

目的：纤维桩粘结过程中分别使用LuxaCore冠核材料（LuxaCore）和Paracem Universal DC（DC）树脂作为粘结剂,比较两者粘结效果的差异。方法：选用20颗新鲜拔除的单根前磨牙进行牙体预备,分别使用LuxaCore和DC作为粘结剂粘接纤维桩,电子力学试验机测试其固位力;扫描电镜观察两者粘接界面的差异;40例患者40颗牙应用LuxaCore和DC作为粘接剂进行纤维桩核冠修复,1年后复查,比较两者临床指标的差异。结果：两种粘结剂粘接的纤维桩固位力大小差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两种粘结剂的纤维桩界面无明显差异;临床病例1年后复查,两种粘结剂的各临床指标无明显差异。结论：LuxaCore冠核材料对纤维桩的粘结效果与DC无显著性差异,可用于纤维桩的粘固。     

纤维桩与树脂核材料粘接的研究进展

桩核加冠修复是临床根管治疗后,牙冠外形重建的主要手段之一。纤维/树脂桩核系统具有优良的机械、生物学性能和较好的修复效果,被广泛用于临床。近年来,纤维桩与树脂核材料间的粘接研究成为了热点。纤维桩与树脂核材料间能否形成牢固和持久的化学和机械固位,直接关系到修复体的临床成功率。树脂核材料的种类、纤维桩的种类以及纤维桩的表面处理均会影响纤维桩与树脂核材料间的粘接强度。下面就上述影响因素的研究现状作一综述。     

不同粘结界面处理方法对纤维桩钉固位力的影响

目的研究纤维桩钉在不同粘结条件下的固位力,为临床选择合适的操作方法提供依据。方法根管壁牙本质和纤维桩表面分别经酸蚀、硅烷化处理后使用4种粘固材料(PermaCem双固化树脂水门汀;LuxaCore双固化树脂;Dulink双固化树脂水门汀;Rely-X Unicem双固化树脂水门汀)将桩钉粘固于离体人牙根管内,万能电子力学试验机测试其固位力,电子探针分析界面情况。结果根管壁牙本质经酸蚀后桩钉固位力平均值均大于未酸蚀组,处理前后数值有显著性差异(P<0.05);纤维桩表面硅烷化处理后固位力平均值均大于未硅烷化组,PermaCem组和LuxaCore组处理前后数值有显著性差异(P<0.05),但Dulink组和Rely-X Unicem组处理前后数值无统计学差异(P>0.05);两种表面处理方法粘结界面均显示了良好的粘结完整性。结论根管壁牙本质和纤维桩表面分别经酸蚀、硅烷化处理后,纤维桩固位力增大。     

不同粘固材料对纤维桩固位力的影响

目的：研究纤维桩钉在用5种不同粘固材料的固位力,为临床选择纤维桩粘固材料提供依据。方法：将纤维桩用5种粘固材料（HY-BOND玻璃离子水门汀;PermaCem双固化树脂水门汀;LuxaCore双固化树脂;Dulink双固化树脂水门汀;Rely-X Unicem双固化树脂水门汀）粘固于离体人牙根管内,万能电子力学试验机测试其固位力,电子探针分析界面情况。结果：纤维桩在用不同粘固材料的固位力由大到小顺序为：Dulink组、PermaCem组、LuxaCore组、Rely-X Unicem组、HY—BOND玻璃离子组,各组间固位力有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：不同类型粘固材料对纤维桩的粘结力不同,树脂水门汀固位力优于玻璃离子水门汀,且显示了良好的粘结完整性。     

纤维桩表面经黏结剂涂层后对桩—核树脂黏结性能的影响

目的:比较桩表面2种黏结剂涂层方法对纤维桩—核树脂黏结性能的影响。方法:36根纤维桩随机分为3组,桩表面分别做3种处理。A组不处理,作为对照;B组于桩表面涂双固化黏结剂XP BondTM并光照固化;C组在桩表面涂XP BondTM,使其自固化。处理后的纤维桩与Definit Core树脂黏结制成棒状试件,分别于水存24h和1个月后进行微拉伸强度(microtensile bonding strength,μTBS)测试和扫描电镜观察。采用SPSS 13.0软件包对μTBS的测试结果进行方差分析。结果:水存24h后,C组的μTBS〔(17.03±6.01)MPa〕显著高于A组〔(9.64±4.59)MPa〕和B组〔(11.99±6.07)MPa〕,P<0.05;水存1个月后,3个实验组间的μTBS无显著差异(P>0.05)。B组和C组水存1个月后的μTBS分别为(8.17±4.25)MPa和(9.85±4.11)MPa,均比水存24h后的值显著降低(P<0.05),且在扫描电镜下观察到明显的界面裂缝。结论:黏结剂桩表面涂层对纤维桩—核树脂的即时黏结强度的作用因黏结剂的固化方式而异,2种桩表面涂层方法均会降低纤维桩—核树脂的黏结持久性。     

两种树脂粘接剂对纤维桩核冠方微渗漏影响的对比研究

目的：比较两种树脂粘接剂对纤维桩核冠方微渗漏的影响。方法：将22颗新鲜完整的上颌单根管前牙随机分组：A组（DMG LuxaCore粘结＋堆核）;B组（Rely X Unicem粘结＋Z350堆核）;C组（阳性对照组）;D组（阴性对照组）。 A、B组截冠完成根管预备后使用不同树脂粘接剂将纤维桩粘结至根管并制作树脂核。 C、D组截冠后树脂封闭根管口。所有样本经染色处理后使用体视显微镜观察染料渗入深度。结果：各组标本之间微渗漏程度的差异均具有统计学意义,DMG LuxaCore粘接剂组微渗漏程度显著低于Rely X Unicem粘接剂组。结论：不同树脂粘接剂对纤维桩核冠方微渗漏的影响不同,临床粘接操作应严格按照操作说明进行。     

实验双固化树脂水门汀粘接强度的评价

目的:评价研制的EAM基双固化树脂水门汀在根管内与纤维桩的粘接强度.方法:利用微推出实验方法测试研制的EAM基双固化树脂水门汀在根管内(冠方1/2与根方1/2)与纤维桩的粘接强度,并与2 种商品的双固化树脂水门汀Clearfil DC Core、 LuxaCore-Dual进行对比.结果: 3种树脂水门汀冠方1/2与根方1/2的粘接强度分别为:新研制EAM基树脂水门汀 (11.78±3.36)MPa、(7.58±1.74) MPa,Clearfil DC Core (14.24±3.92)MPa、(8.79±2.93) MPa, LuxaCore-Dual (11.25±2.56)MPa、(5.78±1.95) MPa, 统计分析显示:冠方1/2部分的粘接强度EAM基双固化树脂水门汀与LuxaCore-Dual间无显著差异(P＞0.05),两者均低于Cleafil DC Core(P＜0.05);根方1/2部分的粘接强度EAM基双固化树脂水门汀与Cleafil DC Core间无显著差异(P＞0.05),两者均高于LuxaCore-Dual(P＜0.05).结论: 新研制的EAM基双固化树脂水门汀具有一定的粘接强度,达到了部分同类商品的性能.     

根管壁不同处理方法对纤维桩粘接影响的扫描电镜观察

目的 通过观察根管不同部位粘接界面的微观结构,探讨根管壁表面不同处理方法对纤维桩粘接的影响.方法 9颗完整离体上中切牙截冠后经根管治疗、根管预备和酸蚀后,分别采用0.9%NaCl溶液60 s(对照组,3颗)、10%NaOCl溶液60 s(实验1组,3颗)、17%乙二胺四乙酸溶液60 s与5.25%NaOCI溶液60 S联用(实验2组,3颗)冲洗根管壁;每组1颗牙直接切片;1颗牙使用树脂粘接剂粘接石英纤维桩后切片;1颗牙使用复合树脂核材料粘接石英纤维桩后切片;对粘接界面行扫描电镜观察和能谱分析.结果 无论使用何种粘接剂,相比对照组,实验1组和2组树脂突长度、数量明显增加,树脂突侧支交联明显.能谱分析显示,无论使用树脂粘接剂或复合树脂核材料,实验组Ba含量(1组分别为2.4%和6.7%;2组分别为2.6%和16.6%)均多于对照组(分别为0.9%和3.6%).结论 单独使用10%NaOCl溶液或17%乙二胺四乙酸溶液与5.25%NaOCl溶液联用处理根管壁可产生良好的树脂浸润,粘接界面的树脂突结构以及侧支对粘接效果有积极影响.     

不同粘接剂对二氧化锆桩固位力的影响

目的探讨不同粘接剂对二氧化锆桩与根管内牙本质粘接强度的影响。方法将60颗完整无龋坏的离体上颌中切牙自釉牙骨质界处截断牙冠,根管桩道预备,制作二氧化锆桩核。60颗牙随机分为6组,分别用磷酸锌水门汀、聚羧酸锌水门汀、玻璃离子水门汀i、Bond加LuxaCore双固化树脂、RelyX Unicem树脂、32%磷酸加ESPE RelyX Unicem树脂粘固二氧化锆桩核。万能力学试验机进行推出测试,记录粘接强度,并对数据行统计学分析。结果 32%磷酸加ESPE RelyX Unicem树脂组、ESPE RelyX Unicem树脂组i、Bond加Luxa Core树脂组、聚羧酸锌水门汀组、玻璃离子水门汀组、磷酸锌水门汀组的二氧化锆桩粘接强度分别为（15.06±1.80）MPa、（11.57±1.33）MPa（、10.42±1.24）MPa（、7.30±1.05）MPa（、6.99±0.87）MPa（、3.97±0.95）MPa,固位力依次降低。其中32%磷酸加ESPE RelyX Unicem树脂组的固位力显著高于其他组,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;ESPE RelyX Unicem树脂组与Luxa Core树脂组之间（P=0.590）,聚羧酸锌组和玻璃离子组之间（P=0.490）的差异均无统计学意义;磷酸锌水门汀的粘接强度最低,与其它组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论临床粘固二氧化锆桩,树脂类粘接剂固位力较强,自粘接系统加用酸蚀技术可以显著提高二氧化锆桩在根管内的粘接强度。     

The microtensile bond strengths of four resin core materials and fiber posts and their micromorphologic characteristics

Objective: To evaluate the morphologies of D.T. Light-Post (LP), JFP-II quartz (JQ), and JFP-II glass (JG) fiber posts and their microtensile bond strengths to light- or dual-cured resin core materials. Method and Materials: The resin core materials that were used for the core buildup included three dual-cure core materials (Clearfil DC, Rebilda DC, and Luxacore Z) and a light-cured core material (Z100). The microtensile bond strength of each group was tested, and the morphology of each post and fractured surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey or Dunnett T3 tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: LP exhibited wider fibers and less matrix than the JFP-II posts, and JQ exhibited a similar surface texture to JG. The bond strength of the JQ group was significantly less than that of the other groups, but for each of the resin core materials that were used in this study, there were no statistical differences between JQ and JG. The results also showed that the microtensile bond strengths of the Luxacore Z/LP and Z100/JG groups were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Cohesive failure was the exclusive mode of failure in the Z100 group, and the other fractured surfaces exhibited adhesive failure. Conclusion: The bonding between fiber posts and resin core materials is affected by the fiber type, but the type of dual-cure resin has no effect on the post and core bonds for any of the three posts used in this study. (Quintessence Int 2012;43:e39?e47).     

硫酸钡改性纤维桩与树脂核材料的粘接强度研究

目的:研究硫酸钡改性纤维桩与3种树脂核材料的微拉伸粘接强度.方法:自研制硫酸钡改性玻璃纤维桩(J Fiber-post,JFP)与商品纤维桩(DT Light post,LP)各12根,随机分成3组.桩周分别用2种双固化树脂 Clearfil DC core(CD),Rebilda DC (RD)与光固化树脂/粘接剂:...     

不同表面处理对纤维桩粘结强度的影响及电镜观察

目的 比较研究不同表面处理对纤维桩剪切粘结强度的影响及各自的粘结面超微结构。方法 20根纤维桩分为4组（n=5）：表面无处理组（A）、椅旁硅烷化处理组（B）、厂家预处理组（C）、厂家预处理+椅旁硅烷化处理组（D）。分别用树脂核材料置于纤维桩周围制成圆柱形标准试件,包埋,切割成1 mm薄片。每根纤维桩可获得10个薄片。每组5个薄片用于电镜观察纤维桩与树脂核材料粘结界面的超微结构;45个薄片在万能实验机上进行微推出实验,记录数值并进行统计学分析。结果 各组的剪切粘结强度依次为（13.46±1.78）、（18.39±1.60）、（24.54±1.34）、（24.39±1.65） MPa。表面处理组均高于A组,C组高于B组,D组与C组之间无差异。电镜观察各组纤维桩与树脂核材料粘结界面结合良好。C组和D组的纤维桩粘结界面可见微机械固位结构。结论 纤维桩表面由厂家预处理有效提高了纤维桩剪切粘结强度,表面预处理形成的微机械固位和化学粘结固位是增强纤维桩粘结强度的重要因素。     

Microtensile bond strength of quartz fiber posts to different composite cores

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the microtensile bond strength of quartz fiber posts to different composites, and to composite combinations used as core materials. Thirty fiber posts were treated with a 24% hydrogen peroxide solution and silanized. The posts were divided into 5 groups according to the resin composite used as follows (n = 6): G1 - ?lite Flow (Bisco, Inc), G2 - Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE), G3 - Biscore (Bisco, Inc), G4 - ?lite Flow + Filtek Z250, G5 - ?lite Flow + Biscore. The resin composites were placed around the posts to produce cylindrical specimens. Two 1-mm2 thick sticks containing the post in the center and composite cores on both ends were provided from each cylinder and tested for microtensile strength with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical analysis. Fractured surfaces were observed using a stereomicroscope with 20× magnification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the interface of the fractured sticks. The results showed that G2 had the highest bond strength values, and the lowest values were seen with G3. There were significant differences between groups 1, 2, 4 and groups 3, 5 (p < 0.05). Under the stereomicroscope, most of the failures were adhesive between the post and core material. Under SEM, ?lite and Z250 had smoother surfaces than Biscore, containing less porosities and voids.     

Influence of adhesive systems on bond strength between fiber posts and composite resin cores in a pull-out test design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of post surface conditioning with adhesive systems on tensile bond strength between two composite resin core systems and FRP posts (ER DentinPost). Forty-eight posts were trimmed at the coronal part, and the upper part of 3 mm was covered with a standardized composite resin core build-up. Twenty-four posts were treated with the respective adhesive systems. Four groups were formed: G1 - ClearfilCore; G2 - Clearfil New Bond + ClearfilCore; G3 - MultiCore Flow; and G4 - AdheSE + MultiCore Flow. Mean (SD) bond strengths in MPa were 7.53 (0.89) for ClearfilCore and 8.08 (0.93) for New Bond + ClearfilCore; 5.80 (0.39) for MultiCore Flow and 5.92 (0.43) for AdheSE + MultiCore Flow. ClearfilCore achieved significantly higher bond strengths than MultiCore Flow (two-way ANOVA; p<0.0001). In conclusion, composite resin core materials exerted a significant influence on tensile bond strength, while adhesive systems did not significantly affect the results.     

Is adhesive cementation of endodontic posts necessary?

Recently, the appropriate, durable bond of adhesive systems and composite resin cements to retain endodontic posts was challenged. The question arises whether it would be possible to place glass fiber posts in a less technique sensitive conventional nonadhesive approach. The influence of nonadhesive, self-adhesive, and etch-and-rinse systems on load capability of postendodontic restorations was studied. Human maxillary central incisors were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Teeth were endodontically treated and restored by using glass fiber posts luted with different cements/composite resin combinations: (1) RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany)/Clearfil Core (Kuraray Europe, Duesseldorf, Germany), (2) RelyX Unicem/LuxaCore, (3) zinc phosphate cement/Clearfil, and (4) LuxaCore (DMG, Hamburg, Germany)/Clearfil. A 2 mm-ferrule preparation was performed. All specimens received adhesively luted all-ceramic crowns and were exposed to thermal cycling and mechanical loading before subsequent static loading. Significant differences between the experimental groups regarding load capability and fracture patterns were observed. The conventional non-adhesive post cementation is less reliable to withstand simulated functional forces compared to adhesive approaches.     

Reliability of fiber post bonding to root canal dentin after simulated clinical function in vitro

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermomechanical loading (TML) on the bond strength of fiber posts luted with three different resin cements. Sixty-six extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated and restored with fiber posts (RelyX Fiber Posts, 3M ESPE) using three commercially available resin cements and three corresponding core build-up materials (n=22 each): Panavia F 2.0/Clearfil DC Core Automix (Kuraray), Variolink II/Multicore Flow (Ivoclar Vivadent), and RelyX Unicem/Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE). Twelve specimens of each group received all-ceramic crowns and were subjected to TML. The other 10 specimens were stored in saline solution for 24 hours. The roots were sectioned and bond strength was measured using a push-out test. Adhesive interfaces of two specimens of each group subjected to TML were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Bond strengths of fiber posts were significantly affected by the type of resin cement (p<0.0005) and TML (p<0.0005; two-way analysis of variance). TML significantly reduced bond strengths for all materials ((6.0 (6.2) MPa)) compared with initial bond strengths ((14.9 (10.4) MPa)). RelyX Unicem resulted in significantly higher bond strengths before ((18.3 (10.3) MPa)) and after TML ((9.8 (7.5) MPa)) compared with the other materials (p<0.0005; Tukey HSD). Using FESEM, Variolink II and Panavia F demonstrated a hybrid layer partly detached from the underlying resin cement, whereas no hybrid layer was observed for RelyX Unicem. The decrease in bond strength after TML suggests that retention of fiber posts may be reduced after clinical function. Therefore, endodontically treated teeth that are restored using fiber posts may benefit from additional reinforcement via coronal restorations using adequate ferrules and/or adhesive techniques.     

不同纤维桩与根管不同粘结处理修复后剪切粘结强度对比研究

目的比较四种不同粘结系统处理后不同纤维桩与根管各部的剪切粘结强度。方法45颗完整离体尖牙于釉牙骨质界冠方2 mm处截冠、根管治疗后随机分9组,使用两种纤维桩和四种粘结树脂及配套粘结剂修复:DTlight纤维桩,玻璃纤维桩,3MUnicem Rely XTM,DCcore Automix,Dual-link,Luxacore Z Automix。包埋后切不同根管段行剪切粘结实验并观察界面断裂类型,记录数据并统计分析。结果剪切粘结强度(MPa)为:D.T.light组:Luxacore Z Automix1(10.15±0.67)Mpa,DC coreAutomix(7.72±2.03)Mpa,Luxacore Z Automix2(7.25±0.71)Mpa,3MUnicem Rely XTM(6.61±1.82)Mpa,Dual-link(5.35±1.42)Mpa;玻璃纤维桩组:Luxacore Z Automix1(14.60±1.79)Mpa,3MUnicem Rely XTM(11.12±1.95)Mpa,DC core Automix(10.15±1.29)Mpa,Dual-link(8.55±1.40)Mpa。体视显微镜观察显示绝大部分样本的断裂方式都是粘结面型断裂。结论纤维桩修复的剪切粘结强度与纤维桩材料、粘结部位及粘结材料密切相关。     

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目的 评价3种树脂黏结系统对纤维桩的黏结强度,为临床选择纤维桩黏结材料提供实验依据.方法 于2010年2-4月,在大连理工大学实验室将巧颗经根管治疗后的离体牙随机分为3组,每组5颗,分别选用One-step全酸蚀黏结系统(A组),Clearfil DC自酸蚀黏结系统(B组)和RelyX Unicem自黏结系统(C组)黏结玻璃纤维桩于离体牙根管内,切割制备2 mm厚的薄片样本,采用微推出法于试验机上进行微推出测试,计算并比较各组样本的黏结强度.扫描电镜下观察黏结界面微观形态.结果 微推出法测试各组样本的黏结强度结果为:A组(4.6860 ±1.84645)MPa、B组(6.1000±0.36350)MPa,C组(7.0490±0.92126)MPa,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).扫描电镜观察显示:3组均可见树脂--纤维桩黏结界面较树脂--牙本质黏结界面贴合紧密,其中A组可见稀疏、短小树脂突.结论 3种黏结系统对纤维桩在根管内的黏结强度差异显著,自黏结组和自酸蚀组优于全酸蚀组.     

Effect of fiber posts with different emerging diameters on the fracture strength of restored crownless teeth

The relatively low elastic modulus of fiber posts reduces the risk of root fracture, but it also decreases composite core stabilization. To compensate for the lack of rigidity, larger post sizes can be necessary when restoring crownless teeth that have significant internal destruction of the root canal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fiber posts with different emerging diameters and shapes on composite core stabilization as measured by fracture strength testing. Fracture strengths ranged from 262.6 ± 81 N to 422.8 ± 56 N. A one-way ANOVA test showed that fracture strength was affected by type of post (p<0.0001); single-tapered posts were weaker than double-tapered posts. Pearson's linear correlation test showed that the fracture strength results appear to have a direct correlation to the emerging diameter of the post (p<0.0001; r(2)=0.6191). The emerging diameter of fiber posts is important to stabilize the core. When restoring crownless teeth, it is advisable to use fiber posts with large emerging diameters; no additional preparation of the internal root dentin is necessary to enlarge the post diameter.