Alcohol consumption and blood pressure: a comparison of native Japanese to American men

We compared the cross-sectional association of alcohol consumption with blood pressure in 810 Japanese men (JM) living in Tokyo and 946 white men (WM) living in New York. Mean systolic (JM and WM, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.001) were associated with alcohol consumption in both groups. Compared to abstainers, the heaviest drinkers had the highest systolic (JM, p = 0.001; WM, p < 0.01) and diastolic (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.05) blood pressures. The relation of blood pressure to alcohol intake was J-shaped in the Americans, but linear in the Japanese. Exploratory analyses revealed that the J-shape may have been due to under-reporting of heavy alcohol ingestion by American abstainers. When abstainers were excluded, the relationships were similar in both the American and Japanese. The positive association between blood pressure and alcohol consumption persisted after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, use of antihypertensive medications, body mass index, heart rate, abdominal skinfold thickness, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid levels and urinary sodium/potassium ratio. Alcohol use was also related to prevalence of hypertension. These findings confirm the presence of an independent association between alcohol intake and blood pressure in both JM and WM and suggest that, despite differences in the metabolism of alcohol, the relation of alcohol consumption to blood pressure is similar in both nationalities.     

Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

BACKGROUND: Several small-scale clinical trials have suggested a potential beneficial effect of short-term soy consumption on blood pressure (BP). Data are scanty on long-term effects of the usual intake of soy foods on BP in general populations. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the association between usual intake of soy foods and BP. DESIGN: The usual intake of soy foods was assessed at baseline, and BP was measured 2-3 y after the baseline survey among 45 694 participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study aged 40-70 y who had no history of hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at recruitment. Multiple regression models were used to estimate mean differences in BP associated with various intakes of soy foods. RESULTS: Soy protein intake was inversely associated with both systolic BP (P for trend = 0.01) and diastolic BP (P for trend = 0.009) after adjustment for age, body mass index, and lifestyle and other dietary factors. The adjusted mean systolic BP was 1.9 mm Hg lower (95% CI: -3.0, -0.8 mm Hg) and the diastolic BP was 0.9 mm Hg lower (-1.6, -0.2 mm Hg) in women who consumed > or =25 g soy protein/d than in women consuming <2.5 g/d. The inverse associations became stronger with increasing age (P for interaction < 0.05 for both BPs). Among women >60 y old, the corresponding differences were -4.9 mm Hg (95% CI: -8.0, -1.9 mm Hg) for systolic BP and -2.2 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.8, -0.6 mm Hg) for diastolic BP. CONCLUSION: Usual intake of soy foods was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BPs, particularly among elderly women.     

孕期膳食对新生儿血压的影响

目的 研究孕期膳食与新生儿血压之间的关系,为指导孕期合理膳食提供科学依据.方法 选取2010年11月～ 2011年5月在合肥市妇幼保健院住院分娩的228例产妇和新生儿为调查对象,对孕期的膳食情况进行回顾性研究.新生儿出生48 h内进行血压测量,测量3次后求平均值,采用有序Logistic回归进行统计学分析.结果 孕期烹调用油种类与新生儿舒张压有关联:孕期完全食用植物油的比动植物油各半的孕妇更能促进新生儿舒张压升高(OR=3.56,95％CI:1.66 ～ 7.58);胡萝卜或绿叶蔬菜食用情况与新生儿收缩压和舒张压也存在关联:孕期少吃胡萝卜或绿叶蔬菜的孕妇与全年经常吃的孕妇相比,可降低新生儿舒张压(OR=0.36,95％ CI:0.17～0.78).结论 孕期膳食会对新生儿血压产生影响,孕妇应该合理膳食.     

Serum adiponectin concentration in relation to macronutrient and food intake in young Japanese women

ObjectiveLittle is known about the relation of modifiable dietary factors to circulating adiponectin concentrations, particularly in young adults and non-Western populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association between macronutrient and food intake and serum adiponectin concentration in a group of young Japanese women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1047 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18 to 22 y. Using a validated, self-administered, comprehensive diet history questionnaire, we assessed intake of nutrients (protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber) and foods (rice, bread, noodles, potatoes, confectioneries, fats and oils, pulses, fish and shellfish, meats, eggs, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, coffee, green and oolong tea, black tea, and soft drinks) and glycemic index and load. Fasting blood samples were collected and serum adiponectin concentrations were measured. Adjustment was made for survey year, region, municipality level, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, energy intake, and intakes of other nutrients or foods.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, none of the nutrients examined was a significant determinant of serum adiponectin concentration. There was no association for glycemic index or load. Coffee was the only food significantly and independently associated with serum adiponectin concentration. Mean (SE) values of serum adiponectin concentration for each quartile of coffee intake were 12.4 (0.2), 12.4 (0.5), 12.5 (0.3), and 13.2 (0.3) μg/mL, respectively (P for trend = 0.04).ConclusionIn a group of young Japanese women, higher coffee intake was independently associated with higher serum adiponectin concentration.     

妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇孕晚期血压及血压变异性

目的:探讨妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇孕晚期血压及血压变异性。方法:选取2016年1月-2019年1月本院收治的妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇280例为亚临床甲减组,同期规律孕检的正常妊娠女性280例为对照组。于孕晚期(孕34~36周)采用24h动态血压监测仪观察全天(24h)、白天(6:00-10:00)和夜间(22:00-次日6:00)血压。结果:亚临床甲减组促甲状腺素(TSH)和妊娠期高血压发生率高于对照组,游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)低于对照组,24h的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压变异系数(SCV)、舒张压变异系数(DCV)、收缩压标准差(SSD)以及舒张压标准差(DSD),白天及夜间的SBP、DBP、SCV、DCV、SSD、DSD均高于对照组(均P<0.05);亚临床甲减组24h的SBP、DBP、SCV、24hDCV、SSD、DSD均与TSH呈正相关(P<0.05),SBP、SCV、SSD、DSD均与FT3呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇妊娠期高血压发生率高,血压及血压变异性较高,血压波动程度较大,临床应予以关注并及时干预治疗。     

Effect of buttermilk consumption on blood pressure in moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women

ObjectivesMilk fat globule membrane (MFGM) found in buttermilk is rich in unique bioactive proteins. Several studies suggest that MFGM proteins possess biological activities such as cholesterol-lowering, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, but data in humans are lacking. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the antihypertensive potential of MFGM proteins from buttermilk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of buttermilk consumption on blood pressure and on markers of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAS) system in humans.MethodsMen and women (N = 34) with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 5 mmol/L and normal blood pressure (< 140 mm Hg) were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Their diets were supplemented with 45 g/d of buttermilk and with 45 g/d of a macro-/micronutrient-matched placebo in random order (4 wk for each diet).ResultsButtermilk consumption significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (−2.6 mm Hg; P = 0.009), mean arterial blood pressure (−1.7 mm Hg; P = 0.015), and plasma levels of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (−10.9%; P = 0.003) compared with the placebo, but had no effect on plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone.ConclusionShort-term buttermilk consumption reduces blood pressure in normotensive individuals.     

Decreased serum estradiol concentration associated with high dietary intake of soy products in premenopausal Japanese women

We examined the cross‐sectional relationship of soy product intake to serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) in 50 healthy premenopausal Japanese women. Intakes of soy products and various nutrients were estimated through a semiquantitative food‐frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn from each subject on Days 11 and22 of her menstrual cycle. The intake of soy products was inversely correlated with E2 on Days 11 and 22 of the cycle after controlling for age, body mass index, cycle length, and intakes of total energy, fat, and crude fiber (r = ‐0.23, p = 0.08 and r = —0.32, p = 0.04, respectively). No significant correlation was observed between soy product intake and SHBG. There was a tendency for the intake of individual soy foods such as tofu and miso to be inversely correlated with E2 on Days 11 and 22 of the menstrual cycle. Miso intake was inversely significantly correlated with SHBG on Day 22 of the cycle (r = ‐0.36, p = 0.02). If the observed association is causal, our results suggest that the consumption of soy products lowers the risk of developing breast cancer risk modifying estrogen metabolism.     

苏州市高血压患者膳食纤维摄入现状及与血压的关系

目的 本研究旨在了解高血压患者膳食纤维摄入与其血压控制的关系,为高血压患者开展针对性的营养干预提供依据。方法 于2019年3—10月选取符合纳入标准的240例高血压患者进行调查,运用一般资料调查表收集高血压患者的人口学资料及临床资料;运用3 d饮食日记收集患者日常饮食情况,并通过营养软件计算患者膳食纤维摄入量;收集患者的3 d血压,取其平均值。结果 高血压患者膳食纤维摄入水平较低,膳食纤维摄入量为（10.17±4.38）g/d,远低于膳食纤维最低推荐量（25 g/d）。调整混杂因素后,膳食纤维摄入量是高血压患者收缩压（B = - 0.362, P＜0.001, OR = 0.696, 95%CI: 0.606～0.799）和舒张压（B = - 0.132, P = 0.016, OR = 0.876, 95%CI: 0.787～0.976）控制的保护因素。结论 高血压患者膳食纤维摄入严重不足,是高血压患者血压控制不佳的重要影响因素。应加强膳食纤维与血压关系的宣教,增加膳食纤维的摄入,从而帮助控制该人群的血压。     

广州市40~65岁中老年人膳食大豆异黄酮摄入与血脂关系的横断面研究

目的 研究广州市中老年人大豆异黄酮摄入与血脂的关系.方法 用食物频数问卷分析395名40～65岁广州市居民每日大豆异黄酮及其他食物和营养素的摄入量,抽取空腹静脉血测定血脂.结果 134名男性和261名女性的大豆异黄酮摄入分别为11.95(0～61.96)mg/d和14.90(0～82.52)mg/d.按照大豆异黄酮摄入量将研究对象等分为低、中、高三组,在校正了总能量摄入和脂肪供能比后,三组间TC、LDL-C差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.002、0.008),并存在剂量效应关系(趋势分析P值分别为<0.001、0.012);高摄入组与低摄入组相比,TC、LDL-C分别下降7.06%、10.13%.在进一步校正年龄、BMI和腰臀比后,上述结果无明显改变.结论 膳食大豆异黄酮摄入与血浆TC、LDL-C负相关.     

Dietary variety within food groups: association with energy intake and body fatness in men and women

BACKGROUND: Short-term experimental studies suggest that dietary variety may influence body fatness but no long-term human studies have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary variety within food groups influences energy intake and body fatness. DESIGN: Seventy-one healthy men and women (aged 20-80 y), who provided accurate reports of dietary intake and completed a body-composition assessment, were studied. RESULTS: Dietary variety was positively associated with energy intake within each of 10 food groups (r = 0.27-0.56, P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis with age and sex controlled for, dietary variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrées, and carbohydrates (as a group) was positively associated with body fatness (partial r = 0.38, P = 0.001) whereas variety from vegetables was negatively associated (partial r = -0.31, P = 0.01) (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.0001). In separate models, both a variety ratio (variety of vegetables/variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrées, and carbohydrates) and percentage dietary fat were significant predictors of body fatness (controlled for age and sex, partial r = -0.39 and 0.31, respectively, P < 0.01). However, dietary fat was no longer significantly associated with body fatness when the variety ratio and dietary fat were included in the same model. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, coupled with those of previous short-term studies, suggest that a high variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrées, and carbohydrates coupled with a low variety of vegetables promotes long-term increases in energy intake and body fatness. These findings may help explain the rising prevalence of obesity.     

舟山海岛地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系

目的  探讨舟山地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系,为妊娠期高血压的病因学研究提供科学依据。 方法  采用回顾性调查研究,对2017年1月~2018年6月期间在浙江省舟山市妇幼保健院进行围产保健的1 383名孕妇孕早、中、晚期的血红蛋白含量与血压进行监测,采用多元线性回归分析不同孕期血红蛋白含量与血压之间的关系。 结果  孕早、中、晚期贫血发生率分别为7.74%、25.45%和15.76%;多元线性回归显示,孕期血红蛋白水平对孕早、中、晚期收缩压均有影响,并且呈现出越早期血红蛋白水平对各期的收缩压影响明显。早期的血红蛋白水平的影响最大(β=0.10,P < 0.001),中期无统计学关联,晚期的影响其次(β=0.04,P=0.027)。血红蛋白水平与舒张压水平的变化趋势类似于其与收缩压之间的关系。 结论  妊娠期血红蛋白水平对孕早、中、晚期血压均有明显的影响,定期测量孕期血红蛋白水平,可以更好地改善孕产妇健康状况。     

Subjective evaluation of the frequency of salty food intake and its relationship to urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in a middle-aged population

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective evaluations of the frequency of salty food intake and both urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) in a middle-aged population.

Methods

Urinary sodium and creatinine concentrations in a spot sample and brachial BP were measured in 419 subjects (mean age 37 ± 9 years, 385 men) during a health examination at a company in Kanagawa, Japan, 2011. Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion was estimated from sodium and creatinine concentrations in the spot sample. The subjects were asked about the frequency of salty food intake on a self-reported questionnaire, choosing their answer from ‘seldom’, ‘sometimes’, or ‘always’ based on their own subjective evaluation. The amount of daily salt intake was converted from 24-h urinary sodium excretion.

Results

The prevalence of high salt intake, defined as greater than the daily average salt intake of Japanese according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010, gradually increased from the ‘seldom’ to the ‘sometimes’, and then ‘always’ categories (10.3, 13.4, and 24.0 %, respectively; P = 0.013 for trend). The 24-h urinary sodium excretion among these groups also tended to be different; however, the differences did not reach a significantly significant level (145 ± 41, 152 ± 34, and 160 ± 40 mEq/day, respectively; P = 0.076). Both systolic and diastolic BP were similar among the groups.

Conclusions

Although some of our findings raise the possibility of a relationship between a subjective evaluation of the frequency of salty food intake and urinary sodium excretion, further studies are needed to confirm the relationship. In contrast, no relationship with BP was found.     

Inverse association of soy product intake with serum androgen and estrogen concentrations in Japanese men

The cross-sectional relationships of soy product intake and serum testosterone, estrone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and dihydrotestosterone were examined in 69 Japanese men. Soy product intake was estimated from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum estradiol concentration was significantly inversely correlated with soy product intake (r = -0.32, p = 0.009), and serum estrone concentration was nonsignificantly inversely correlated with soy product intake (r = -0.24, p = 0.05) after controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, and ethanol intake. Total and free testosterone concentrations were inversely correlated with soy product intake after controlling for the covariates, but these correlations were of border line significance (r = -0.25, p = 0.05 and r = -0.25, p = 0.06, respectively). Similar correlations were observed for these hormones with isoflavone intake from soy products. The data suggest that soy product intake may be associated with the endogenous hormone levels in Japanese men.     

大豆异黄酮的测定方法研究

目的:检测大豆及其制品中黄豆甙、大黄豆甙、染料木甙、黄豆甙元、大黄豆素和金雀异黄素,建立大豆及其制品中6种大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)检测方法。方法:保健食品、豆腐等样品中的大豆异黄酮直接用甲醇水(80+20,v/v)超声提取30 m in,定容过0.45μm滤膜后测定;豆粉和豆奶粉等样品中的大豆异黄酮及其酯类用甲醇水(80+20,v/v)超声提取,提取液经碱性皂化,将某些酯类转化成对应的大豆异黄酮,经盐酸中和,甲醇水(80+20,v/v)定容,过滤膜后测定;酱油和豆豉等样品超声提取30 m in,提取液经OASIS HLB柱去杂质,过0.45μm滤膜,进行液相色谱分析。样品中的6种大豆异黄酮用甲醇和醋酸铵(0.025 mol/L,pH 4.1)作流动相,流速2.0 m l/m in进行梯度洗脱,经250×4.6 mm粒径10μm C18柱分离,二极管阵列检测器(210~400 nm)测定。30 m in内6种大豆异黄酮可得到良好分离。结果:测定6种大豆异黄酮的平均加标回收率在86.7%~116%,加标回收相对标准偏差均小于8%,最底检出限量小于0.04μg。结论:本方法适用于大豆及其制品中大豆异黄酮的测定。     

中老年人群生活方式与血压水平和高血压发生风险的关联

目的  探讨中老年人群生活方式及其变化与血压水平和高血压发生风险的关联。方法  纳入东风-同济队列2008―2010年7 671名研究对象进行分析。分别采用线性回归和Logistic回归分析模型评估生活方式与血压水平和高血压发生风险的关联。结果  校正混杂因素后,生活方式评分增加与血压水平和高血压风险的降低均有剂量反应关系。与基线生活方式评分0~1分组相比,＞4分组的SBP、DBP和平均动脉压分别降低4.03、2.25和2.84 mm Hg,新发高血压的OR值为0.68(95% CI: 0.52~0.88)。且每增加1分,高血压发生风险降低9%(OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.87~0.95)。而从基线至2013年随访5年间生活方式评分维持在＞3的个体,其新发高血压风险的OR值为0.61(OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.47~0.80),但是从基线0~2分提高至随访＞3分并不能降低高血压风险(OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.54~1.40)。结论  中老年人群尽早并长期坚持健康生活方式对于高血压防控效益最大。     

脑出血患者基础血压水平及不同血压控制策略与其临床预后的研究

目的 探讨脑出血患者基础血压水平与预后的关系以及不同的血压控制策略对血肿扩大和再出血的影响.方法 采用分组对照研究方法,将2010年1月至2013年1月收治的46例脑出血患者根据其入院第1天的基础血压（收缩压）水平分为A组（＜ 180 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）7例、B组（180 ～ 200 mmHg）6例以及C组（＞200 mmHg）33例;同时根据不同的血压控制策略分为E组（平均动脉压下降≥20％）31例和F组（平均动脉压下降＜20％）15例.分析并比较各组患者的预后情况.结果 C组患者6个月致死/致残率显著高于A组和B组[21.2％（7/33）比1/7,1/6],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组和B组患者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.E组患者出现血肿扩大1例;F组患者出现血肿扩大4例,再出血1例,E组不良事件发生率明显低于F组[3.2％（1/31）比5/15],差异有统计学意义（x2=5.642,P=0.018）.结论 患者发病初期的收缩压过高（＞ 200 mmHg）是影响预后的独立危险因素;而早期积极地降压能有效减少血肿扩大和再出血的发生.     

Measurement of sodium intake and its relationship to blood pressure and salivary sodium concentration

The mean daily sodium intake was determined for 33 normotensive subjects by analysis of a 7 day 24 h urine collection. The intake range was 1.75–5.77 g Na/day with an intra-individual standard deviation of 1.08 g Na and an inter-individual standard deviation of 0.80 g Na giving a ratio of intra-to inter-individual variance of 1.82, 79% of the subjects were correctly classified into the approapriate tertile for sodium intake after the 7 day collection. The intake range for potassium was 1.54 to 4.2 g/day.No relationship was observed between blood pressure and sodium or potassium intake. Salivary sodium levels (both stimulated and unstimulated) were positiviely correlated with sodium excretion of the day preceding saliva collection.