参附注射液对动物心律失常的影响

目的 :观察参附注射液对动物心律失常模型的影响。方法 :用结扎冠状动脉法造成犬心肌缺血性心律失常模型 ;用乌头碱造成大鼠心律不齐模型 ;用心得安造成犬心动过缓模型 ,然后分别给予参附注射液观察其对上述心律失常的影响。结果 :参附注射液能有效改善心肌缺血性心律失常的血流动力学指标 ,对室性早搏 (VP)的发作率由给药前 5min的 39.3± 5 .2次降为 11.2± 2 .7次 ;室性心动过速 (VT)由给药前 5min的 37.2± 3.9次降至9.1± 2 .5次 ;同时对乌头碱所致VP、VT有显著的对抗作用 ;并对心得安所致心动过缓有加快心率作用     

参附注射液对心血管及缺血再灌注心肌保护作用的研究进展

参附注射液是根据我国医学经典方剂参附汤制成,主要含人参皂苷、乌头碱,每毫升注射液相当于生药红参0.1 g,附片0.2 g,是红参与黑附片提取物,此药已在医院临床开展了应用及研究。本文概述该药对心血管及体外循环心脏手术中对心肌保护的作用。1参附注射液药物作用机制的研究现代有关药理学研究发现参附注射对大鼠心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性有抑制作用,提示参附注射液可能具有正性肌力作用,参附注射液中含有的人参皂苷作为一种特殊的强心苷类药物,具有明显增强心肌收缩力,增加输出量,扩张冠状动脉,降低心肌耗氧量,扩张肺动脉,促进血氧的输送及组织…     

中药附子质量控制研究

目的HPLC法同时测定附子饮片（生品和炮制品）中3种双酯型生物碱含量,达到控制附子质量及指导临床安全用药的目的。方法以附子饮片（生品和炮制品）为研究对象,采用Agilent Extend—C18（4．6mm×150ram,5lxm）色谱柱,以乙腈-40mmol·L^-1乙酸铵（氨水调pH10．0）为流动相,建立乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱的含量测定方法,采用外标法测定药材中3种生物碱的含量,并比较各样品之间的差异。结果3种生物碱分离度良好,回收率均在95％－105％。黑顺片中乌头碱、新乌头碱及次乌头碱的含量与其余五批生附片及另一批白附片相比,差别较大。白附片与生附片之间差异较小。同一产地的5批生附片中各生物碱的含量亦存在差异。结论通过同时控制乌头碱、新乌头碱和次乌头碱的含量来控制附子饮片（生品和炮制品）的质量较为合理有效,且简单易行。     

参附注射液对缺氧心肌细胞凋亡的抑制效应

目的　探讨参附注射液对缺氧诱导的培养乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法　将 SD乳鼠的培养心肌细胞随机分为三组:对照组、缺氧72 h组和参附注射液组。缺氧 72 h前加入1 mmol参附注射液。应用TUNEL法及流式细胞仪分析心肌细胞凋亡的变化,借助半胱胺酸 天门冬胺酸酶(caspase- 3)荧光分析试剂盒,荧光比色法检测心肌细胞凋亡过程中 caspase -3 活性的变化。结果　TUNEL及流式细胞仪分析显示,参附注射液组 AI值和细胞凋亡百分率分别为(14. 10±2 .56)%和(14. 93±2 .47)%,明显低于缺氧72 h组(46 .49±4 .93)%和(48 .43±4 .18)%(P<0 .01)。caspase -3活性检测显示,参附注射液组的caspase- 3活性比缺氧72 h组降低了 52. 85%(P<0. 01)。结论　参附注射液能明显抑制缺氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡。caspase- 3蛋白酶活性抑制可能是其机理之一。     

参附注射液对食管癌患者术后肺损伤和感染的预防作用

目的 探讨参附注射液对食管癌患者单肺通气(OLV)后肺损伤和感染的预防作用及可能机制.方法 76例择期行开胸食管癌(阳虚型)手术患者随机均分为两组:试验组于OLV开始时及术后第1～3天静脉滴注参附注射液50 mL;对照组仅行常规OLV.观察两组术前(T0)、OLV前(T1)、OLV后1 h(T2)、手术结束(T3)及术...     

参附注射液对肺癌患者围手术期免疫功能的调节作用

目的研究肺癌患者围手术期免疫功能情况及参附注射液的调节作用。方法 32例肺癌患者根据病理学结果随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组患者从手术前 3天到术后 14天 ,每天静脉滴注参附注射液 5 0ml,手术过程中静脉滴注 5 0ml;对照组除不用参附注射液外 ,其它条件与治疗组相同。于术前、术毕、术后 3天、术后 14天抽取静脉血监测补体C3 、C4,免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM ,C反应蛋白 (CRR)和血常规。结果术后 3天、7天 ,治疗组患者血浆补体C3 、C4和C反应蛋白、白细胞总数明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM则明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;中性粒细胞分类 (N % )两组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论参附注射液对肺癌患者围手术期免疫功能有较好的调节作用。     

参附注射液对大鼠急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌核转录因子-κB的影响

目的:探讨参附注射液保护大鼠心肌缺血 再灌注损伤作用与机理。方法:采用大鼠心脏左冠状动脉前降支缺血 再灌注模型,缺血30min ,再灌注6 0min。2 4只SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组;缺血 再灌注组;参附注射液组。酶联免疫吸附实验法检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF- α)、白细胞介素- 6(IL- 6 )浓度,免疫印记法测心肌核转录因子- κB(NF -κB)活性水平,电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果:缺血 再灌注组心肌NF -κB的活性,血浆TNF- a、IL -6浓度较假手术组明显上升(P <0 .0 1)。参附注射液组中上述指标与缺血 再灌注组比较均显著下降(P <0 .0 1) ,电镜下参附注射液组中心肌超微结构较缺血再灌注组明显减轻并接近正常。结论:参附注射液通过抑制缺血心肌中NF- κB的活性,降低促炎因子水平,对心肌起保护作用。     

参附注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的 :评价参附注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛病人的临床疗效。方法 :37例冠心病心绞痛患者应用参附注射液静脉输注治疗后 ,观察其心绞痛症状 ,心电图、血脂、血液流变学检查 ,以及硝酸甘油使用的改变情况。结果 :经参附注射液治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者 ,其心绞痛症状缓解 ,心电图检查好转 ,硝酸甘油用量减少 ,血脂和血液流变学状况均有不同程度改善 (P<0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1)。结论 :参附注射液对冠心病心绞痛的治疗效果 ,可能与其改善患者血脂及血液流变学状况有关。     

参附注射液治疗儿童哮喘36例

目的:探讨参附注射液对儿童哮喘临床疗效.方法:将72例哮喘患儿随机分为两组,治疗组36例,采用常规治疗加用参附注射液1 mL&#8226;kg 1&#8226;d 1,qd,共用4～14 d;对照组36例,采用常规治疗.观察治疗组和对照组在治疗前后相关临床指标.结果:治疗组的临床症状、体征、疗程、血清IgG、T淋巴细胞中的CD3、CD4、CD8及动脉血氧分压(PO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)的改善均优于对照组.结论:参附注射液对改善哮喘患儿的临床症状和体征、缩短病程、调节体液免疫和细胞免疫功能有明显作用.     

一种筛选抗心律失常药物新模型的建立

目的　建立一种细胞水平的心律失常模型 ,以用于抗心律失常药物的筛选和评价。方法　酶解法分离单个大鼠心室肌细胞 ,在细胞水平给予传统诱发心律失常药物乌头碱 ,应用膜片钳技术观察记录应用乌头碱后心肌动作电位时程 (APD)、钠电流 (INa)、L 型钙电流 (ICa L)、内向整流钾电流(IK1)及瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)的变化。结果　应用乌头碱 1μmol·L-1使大鼠单个心室肌细胞 90 %复极化动作电位时程(APD90 )从给药前的 ( 15 0 2 3± 7 0 2 )ms延长至 ( 2 3 6 0 3±2 3 2 2 )ms(n =8,P <0 0 1)。应用奎尼丁 10 μmol·L-1后动作电位时程延长与乌头碱组比较 ,APD90 进一步延长 (n =6,P <0 0 5 ) ,但应用维拉帕米 10 μmol·L-1后被乌头碱延长的APD恢复近于正常 ,在乌头碱的作用下 ,除极电压为 0mV时ICa L从 ( 72 7 9± 178 0 ) pA增加至 ( 10 82 1± 2 2 2 2 ) pA(n =6,P <0 0 1) ;钠电流 (INa)在 - 5 0mV刺激电压下从( 2 5 4± 5 5 3 ) pA增加至 ( 45 3 0 2± 475 1) pA(n =4,P <0 0 5 ) ;IK1在 - 12 0mV的刺激电压下 ,Ik1的内向成分从( 2 0 0 7 1± 3 5 9 3 ) pA增加至 ( 2 3 17 7± 40 1 8)pA(n =10 ,P <0 0 1) ;奎尼丁、维拉帕米对乌头碱诱发的钠电流和钙电流增加有抑制的作用。结论　乌头碱使?     

The effect of planting depth,disbudding, and root pruning on root weight and aconite alkaloid content of the tuberous root of aconite

The tuberous root of aconite, Aconiti tuber, contains tonic but poisonous aconite alkaloids, such as aconitine, hipaconitine and mesaconitine. The standardization of the cultivation protocols must be established, since the quality of the crude drug, especially the content of aconite alkaloids, is influenced by cultivation conditions. Here, we report the effects of planting depth, disbudding and root pruning on the content of the aconite alkaloids as well as on the weight of the root tuber of aconite. The daughter root tubers of shallow-planted plants showed a significantly higher content of aconitine, hipaconitine and sum of aconite alkaloids per unit weight than those of deeply planted root tubers (control group), while the average weight per root tuber was lower than that of the control group. The total weight of the daughter root tubers per plant of the disbudding group was significantly higher than that of other groups, including the root-pruning group whose average weight per tuber was the highest. In conclusion, disbudding is effective in achieving both higher content of aconite alkaloids and heavier total weight of the root tuber.     

Physicochemical quality evaluation of natural compounds isolated from crude drugs

Aconite root has high toxicity caused by diester alkaloids, thus it was necessary to define the limiting value of diester alkaloids used in medicine formulation. To give the quality of “Processed Aconite Root” and “Powdered Processed Aconite Root” in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (14th edn, supplement II), we established the official specification and evaluation methods of standard substances. High qualitative grade diester alkaloids, aconitine, hypaconitine, jesaconitine and mesaconitine, which were useful to evaluate the purity of processed aconite root and powdered processed aconite root, were prepared and evaluated for their stability. We studied the physicochemical specification and evaluation methods of these alkaloids. In addition, an “Aconitum diester alkaloids standard solution for purity”, which was used for the purity test, was prepared, and we also studied its physicochemical specification and evaluation methods. In addition, to evaluate the quality of processed aconite root and powdered processed aconite root, a TLC identification test was established. A monoester alkaloid of benzoylmesaconine hydrochloride was used as the reference standard in the latter test, and we also investigated its physicochemical specification and evaluation methods.     

附子及附子配伍干姜对腺嘌呤所致慢性肾衰小鼠肾功能的影响

目的：研究中药附子及附子配伍干姜对腺嘌呤所致小鼠慢性肾衰的疗效,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：将雄性ICR小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、低剂量附子组、高剂量附子组、低剂量附子＋干姜组和高剂量附子＋干姜组。正常对照组小鼠灌胃给予蒸馏水;其余各组小鼠灌胃给予腺嘌呤（第1周和第2～4周的给药剂量分别为250和130 mg.kg-1,均为每2天给药1次）,低剂量附子组、高剂量附子组、低剂量附子＋干姜组和高剂量附子＋干姜组小鼠另分别灌胃给予相应的水煎液,每天1次。实验过程中,记录各组小鼠的一般情况,并于实验结束时,对小鼠血清肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶,以及肾组织谷胱甘肽、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和丙二醛的含量进行测定,并记录附睾精子数。结果：与正常对照组相比,模型组和各给药组小鼠体重下降,摄食量减少,饮水量升高;高剂量附子组和低剂量附子＋干姜组小鼠饮水量明显低于模型组小鼠。模型组小鼠消瘦、萎靡、被毛发黄干枯不齐,部分死亡;高剂量附子＋干姜组和低剂量附子＋干姜组小鼠被毛白净有光泽,且活动性更强。高剂量附子水煎液,高剂量附子＋干姜水煎液,以及低剂量附子＋干姜水煎液对小鼠生化指标具有显著改善作用,可降低肾系数以及血清肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶水平,提高精子数;可降低小鼠肾组织GSH水平,升高MDA水平;高剂量附子组和高剂量附子＋干姜组小鼠肾组织ALT水平,以及高剂量附子＋干姜组和低剂量附子＋干姜组小鼠肾组织AST水平均显著高于模型组;低剂量附子组小鼠除个别指标外,无明显的改善。结论：高剂量附子水煎液对腺嘌呤所致慢性肾功能衰竭小鼠肾功能具有一定保护作用,与干姜配伍后其疗效增加,毒性降低。     

Incidence of herb-induced aconitine poisoning in Hong Kong: impact of publicity measures to promote awareness among the herbalists and the public.

BACKGROUND: In Hong Kong 'chuanwu' (the main root of Aconitum carmichaeli) and 'caowu' (the root of Aconitum kusnezoffii) are used by herbalists to treat patients with various musculoskeletal disorders. These aconite roots contain aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine, which are neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. During 1989 to 1991, 31 patients were treated in public hospitals because of poisoning by aconite roots and there were two deaths from ventricular arrhythmias. In late 1991, healthcare officials together with cardiologists held a press conference to warn the public, healthcare professionals and herbalists of the potential toxicity of aconite roots. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias and the need for urgent medical attention were highlighted. An information leaflet was also sent to hospital doctors. Since 1992, the topic was covered periodically in the local newspapers, medical journals and continuing medical education programmes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these publicity measures on the incidence of herb-induced aconitine poisoning in the New Territories East, based on the number of admissions to the Prince of Wales Hospital. METHODS: During 1989 to 1993 and 1996 to 1998, all patients admitted to our medical wards because of herb-induced aconitine poisoning were identified by on-going surveillance of medical patients, searching our computerised medical record system and reviewing reports received by the 24-hour Drug and Poisons Information Bureau. RESULTS: The number of hospitalisations due to aconitine poisoning markedly decreased from four to six per year in 1989 to 1991 to one to two per year in 1992 to 1993. The annual incidence of aconitine poisoning showed a marked decrease from 0.49 to 0.69 [overall 0.60, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.34 to 0.99] to 0.10 to 0.22 (overall 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.46) per 100,000 population (p = 0.024). During 1996 to 1998, herb-induced aconitine poisoning remained uncommon, with zero to two hospital admissions per year or an annual incidence of zero to 0.33 (overall 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.43) per 100,000 population (p = 0.016). DISCUSSION: It is possible that the herbalists could have used smaller doses of 'chuanwu' and 'caowu' than before. Patients could be more compliant with the instructions on how to prepare the herbal decoction at home. However, our experience suggested that publicity measures to promote awareness, among the herbalists and the public, may reduce the incidence of poisoning due to toxic herbs such as aconite roots.     

Aconitum Alkaloid Poisoning Related to the Culinary Uses of Aconite Roots

Aconite roots (roots or root tubers of the Aconitum species) are eaten as root vegetables and used to prepare herbal soups and meals, mainly for their purported health benefits. Aconite roots contain aconitine and other Aconitum alkaloids, which are well known cardiotoxins and neurotoxins. To better understand why Aconitum alkaloid poisoning related to the culinary uses of aconite roots can occur and characterize the risks posed by these “food supplements”, relevant published reports were reviewed. From 1995 to 2013, there were eight reports of aconite poisoning after consumption of these herbal soups and meals, including two reports of large clusters of cases (n = 19–45) and two reports of cases (n = 15–156) managed by two hospitals over a period of 4.5 to 5 years. The herbal formulae used did not adhere to the suggested guidelines, with regarding to the doses (50–500 g instead of 3–30 g per person) and types (raw instead of processed) of aconite roots used. The quantities of Aconitum alkaloids involved were huge, taking into consideration the doses of aconite roots used to prepare herbal soups/meals and the amounts of aconite roots and herbal soups/meals consumed. In a large cluster of cases, despite simmering raw “caowu” (the root tuber of A. kusnezoffii) in pork broth for 24 h, all 19 family members who consumed this soup and boiled “caowu” developed poisoning. Severe or even fatal aconite poisoning can occur after consumption of herbal soups and foods prepared from aconite roots. Even prolonged boiling may not be protective if raw preparations and large quantities of aconite roots are used. The public should be warned of the risk of severe poisoning related to the culinary and traditional medicinal uses of aconite roots.     

复方附子口服液中黄芪甲苷含量测定和乌头碱限量检查方法研究

目的建立复方附子口服液中黄芪甲苷含量测定和乌头碱限量检测方法。方法采用HPLC法对黄芪甲苷含量、乌头碱限量进行检测。结果黄芪甲苷在0.047 12⁰.471 2 mg·mL-1与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),高、中、低浓度平均加样回收率分别为99.9%、99.9%、97.6%,RSD分别为4.4%、1.9%、2.2%;乌头碱在0.005 970.471 2 mg·mL-1与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),高、中、低浓度平均加样回收率分别为99.9%、99.9%、97.6%,RSD分别为4.4%、1.9%、2.2%;乌头碱在0.005 97⁰.597 0 mg·mL-1与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9);高、中、低浓度平均加样回收率分别为101.3%、98.3%、98.7%,RSD分别为2.1%、1.0%、1.6%。结论该方法专属性强,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于复方附子口服液中黄芪甲苷含量和乌头碱限量的检测。     

乌头中主要生物碱的高效液相色谱测定

用高效液相色谱分离、测定乌头及附子中一些主要生物碱。生药的乙醚提取物在十八烷基键合相柱上,用甲醇—水—氯仿—三乙胺(70:30:2:0.1)作流动相,中乌头碱、乌头碱及次乌头碱与其它杂质能很好分离。以β-甲基萘作内标化合物,用峰高比测定各生物碱含量。曾测定了不同品种、不同产地及不同加工炮制方法的一些样品,其生物碱组成及比例相差较大。     

Hypaconitine, the dominant constituent responsible for the neuromuscular blocking action of the Japanese-sino medicine "bushi" (aconite root)

The neuromuscular blocking actions of several constituents extracted from Japanese-sino medicine, aconite, were compared in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparations. Hypaconitine (HAT) was more potent than aconitine (ATN), mesaconitine (MAT) and deoxyaconitine. Lipohypaconitine, coryneine and lipodeoxyaconitine were less effective. Lipoaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, higenamine, kobusine and chasmanine were not effective. The blockades by HAT, ATN and MAT were not recovered by neostigmine. The mechanisms of blockade were similar to that of aconite crude extract. These results suggest that aconite action is dependent on HAT, a main constituent.     

The relationship between growth of the aerial part and alkaloid content variation in cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aconitum carmichaeli</Emphasis> Debeaux

Processed root of aconite, Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux—known as bushi in Japan—is indispensable for treating diseases among elderly persons in Japanese and Chinese traditional medicine. Its active component is bushi diester alkaloid (BDA), which consists of aconitine (ACO), mesaconitine (MES), hypaconitine (HYP), and jesaconitine (JES). Since an overdose of BDA results in severe side effects, the BDA content should be within safe limits. However, the BDA content of raw aconite root, even that produced by standard cultivation procedures, varies greatly. In this study, to clarify the cause of BDA variation, we examined the weight and BDA content of each part of cultivated A. carmichaeli: the aerial part, the mother tuberous root (MT), the daughter tuberous root (DT), and the rootlet (RL). We found the following positive relationships: between aerial part weight and DT weight, aerial part weight and BDA content in stem of apex, and BDA content in stem of apex and total BDA of DT attached to the plant. Furthermore, DT belonging to a higher weight group showed less BDA content variation. In addition, BDA of DT and those of MT and RL differ in both content and composition. In conclusion, it was suggested that the weight or the size of the aerial part was a good marker for monitoring BDA content and its variation in the tuberous root, and it was found to be desirable to prevent mixing MT and RL at harvest.     

中国乌头的研究Ⅶ.乌头生物碱的薄层层析

本文选择七种已知结构的生物碱,用不加粘合剂氧化铝薄层层析法的桑件进行了研究,结果表明此法完全可应用于乌头生物碱的检定.其较好条件是细度小于150号筛孔,活性Ⅳ级碱性氧化铝为吸附剂;石油醚-乙醚(1:10)为展开剂和以碘蒸气为显色剂.将此薄层层析条件应用到从中国乌头中分出的新生物碱检查时,亦获得良好的结果.