儿童恒前牙缺失的矫治

目的通过对伴有各种原因导致恒前牙个别缺失的儿童病例进行针对性的临床研究和治疗,为临床诊治提供参考。方法选择正畸科门诊收治的伴有恒前牙缺失的儿童患者32例,对缺牙患者的年龄、性别、缺失牙位和数目、缺失原因、错颌类型及矫治方法等进行分析。结果缺牙部位最常见的是上中切牙;多为缺失1～2个牙齿,15例采用结合减数方法进行矫治,9例采用扩大缺牙间隙,解除前牙反颌后再修复的方法进行矫治,8例采用单纯集中间隙后再修复的方法进行矫治。结论对有恒前牙个别缺失的儿童患者,由于其正处于生长发育期,应及早对缺牙导致的发育畸形进行诊断和预测,尽量防止颌骨和面型的畸形。对这类儿童患者采用结合减数矫治或采用扩大间隙以及集中间隙结合修复的方法进行矫治,能获得满意效果。     

12岁人群恒牙龋病抽样调查分析研究

目的了解北京市朝阳区12岁人群恒牙龋齿患病情况及采取的防治措施,为朝阳区口腔疾病防治工作提供信息支持。方法采用分层、整群随机抽样的方法,抽取12岁常住人口361人。按照《北京市2010年口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床检查牙列状况的检查方法和标准,检查全口恒牙牙冠龋病情况,计算出患龋率、龋均、龋齿充填率及窝沟封闭率。结果(1)12岁人群患龋率为28.81%、龋均为0.48、龋齿充填率为45.09%,第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭率为44.88%。农业户口与非农业户口龋均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男生与女生患龋率及龋均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(2)与2005年第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查全国地区资料的比较,两者患龋率差异及龋均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,P>0.05)。两者龋齿充填率差异及窝沟封闭率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.01)。结论朝阳区12岁人群恒牙龋齿发病率较低,窝沟封闭能有效地预防龋齿的发生。     

海南省三亚市黎族1680名小学生龋病调查

目的:探讨三亚市黎族学生龋病发病的影响因素,为该地区今后开展牙病防治工作提供依据。方法:对三亚市黎族地区10所学校1680名年龄6～13岁的小学生,由经过培训的牙科医生采用口内直视法进行口腔龋病检查。调查内容包括龋病患病状况、口腔卫生状况及问卷调查。结果:受检学生患龋率为35.53%,龋均为3.12颗;7～8岁年龄段患龋率及龋均最高,13岁以上年龄段患龋率及龋均最低,女生患龋率高于男生;龋病治疗率仅为4.12%,恒牙龋治疗率高于乳牙龋。黎族小学生刷格率仅为14.30%。结论:海南省三亚市黎族地区小学生龋病发病率较低,但龋病的预防与治疗情况较差;替牙期患龋率随着年龄增长而下降,恒牙的患龋率随着年龄增长而有所上升。其原因是学生及家长对龋病危害认识不足;农村口腔保健工作亟待加强,要提倡正确的刷牙方法,保持口腔清洁。学校应定期开展普查普治工作,加强替牙期学生龋齿的防治及相关的健康教育。     

南通市崇川区7-9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出、患龋及防治情况调查

目的对南通市崇川区7-9岁儿童第一恒磨牙（以下简称六龄齿）萌出情况、龋齿、龋齿治疗及窝沟封闭进行调查分析。方法采用整群、等比、分层抽样方法,对崇川区城郊14所小学,2369例儿童（7—9岁）的六龄齿进行龋病流行病学调查。结果总患龋率为19．00％,女生（21．52％）明显高于男生（16．63％）（X2=9．19,P〈0．05）,城市儿童（18．75％）低于郊区儿童（22．44％）,女生第一恒磨牙萌出率（97．76％）稍高于男生（97．60％）,充填率（6．04％）很低,窝沟封闭率（O．86％）更低。结论儿童第一恒磨牙龋坏率高,建议对六龄齿进行早期防龋治疗,实施窝沟封闭,最佳时期为7-9岁。     

湖南韶山地区儿童口腔卫生干预效果评价

目的:了解湖南韶山地区3~12岁儿童的口腔健康状况,评价以社区为单位的口腔卫生宣教、含氟涂料应用等活动对改善地区儿童口腔健康的作用。方法:调查采用整群抽样,选取湖南省韶山市不同经济发展区域的3所幼儿园及2所小学,分别于2014年12月以及2016年9月对3~12岁的幼儿园及在校儿童进行口腔健康状况调查,并在此期间给予干预措施,分别比较两次普查中3~6岁及6~12岁儿童的平均软垢指数、龋均、患龋率,同时将5岁及12岁的儿童作为代表人群,单独比较其平均软垢指数,乳、恒牙龋失补牙数,患龋率,并比较12岁儿童的第一恒磨牙患龋率。结果:2014年及2016年的调查分别纳入儿童992名、896名,分别比较3~6岁以及6~12岁儿童,均显示2016年普查所得的软垢指数均数及乳牙龋失补牙数显著小于2014年,而恒牙龋失补牙数差异无统计学意义。2014年及2016年普查的5岁儿童分别为173名和179名,两者的乳牙龋失补牙数差异有统计学意义(P=0.038),患龋率差异无统计学意义(P=0.370);两年调查的12岁儿童分别为65名和104名,两者的乳牙龋失补牙数及恒牙龋失补牙数差异均无统计学意义(P=0.133,P=0.171)。两年调查的第一恒磨牙患龋率分别为36.9%和26.9%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.171)。结论:含氟涂料的应用合并口腔健康教育可以显著降低湖南韶山地区3~12岁儿童的乳牙龋失补牙数并显著改善口腔卫生状况,恒牙龋失补牙数、5岁儿童乳牙患龋率及12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率均有一定程度的下降。     

湖南韶山地区儿童口腔卫生干预效果评价

目的:了解湖南韶山地区3~12岁儿童的口腔健康状况,评价以社区为单位的口腔卫生宣教、含氟涂料应用等活动对改善地区儿童口腔健康的作用。方法:调查采用整群抽样,选取湖南省韶山市不同经济发展区域的3所幼儿园及2所小学,分别于2014年12月以及2016年9月对3~12岁的幼儿园及在校儿童进行口腔健康状况调查,并在此期间给予干预措施,分别比较两次普查中3~6岁及6~12岁儿童的平均软垢指数、龋均、患龋率,同时将5岁及12岁的儿童作为代表人群,单独比较其平均软垢指数,乳、恒牙龋失补牙数,患龋率,并比较12岁儿童的第一恒磨牙患龋率。结果:2014年及2016年的调查分别纳入儿童992名、896名,分别比较3~6岁以及6~12岁儿童,均显示2016年普查所得的软垢指数均数及乳牙龋失补牙数显著小于2014年,而恒牙龋失补牙数差异无统计学意义。2014年及2016年普查的5岁儿童分别为173名和179名,两者的乳牙龋失补牙数差异有统计学意义(P=0.038),患龋率差异无统计学意义(P=0.370);两年调查的12岁儿童分别为65名和104名,两者的乳牙龋失补牙数及恒牙龋失补牙数差异均无统计学意义(P=0.133,P=0.171)。两年调查的第一恒磨牙患龋率分别为36.9%和26.9%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.171)。结论:含氟涂料的应用合并口腔健康教育可以显著降低湖南韶山地区3~12岁儿童的乳牙龋失补牙数并显著改善口腔卫生状况,恒牙龋失补牙数、5岁儿童乳牙患龋率及12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率均有一定程度的下降。     

拉萨市6年级藏族学生口腔健康状况及其影响因素

目的 调查西藏拉萨市城镇小学生口腔健康状况和口腔保健意识,为当地口腔疾病防治和健康教育工作提供依据。方法 在拉萨市城关区20所小学中,采取整群抽样的方法随机抽取2所小学的藏族学生共504名,进行口腔检查和问卷调查。结果 该人群恒牙患龋率和龋均分别为75.00%和2.18±1.91,窝沟封闭率为3.77%,龋齿充填率为6.81%,第一恒磨牙患龋率为47.62%。女性的恒牙龋均和第一恒磨牙患龋率显著高于男性(P=0.001,P=0.007),氟牙症患病率为61.51%,牙石检出率为71.83%。恒牙患龋率的多因素回归分析结果显示,性别、口腔健康重要性认知、口腔就诊意愿和牙科就诊经历是恒牙患龋的独立影响因素。结论 拉萨地区小学生恒牙龋病患病率高,治疗率低,口腔卫生不良,口腔保健意识差,需继续加强对学校学生和家长的口腔健康宣教工作和医疗资源投入。     

Prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Shanghe County of Shandong Province and relevant prevention and treatment strategies

Background Decayed teeth are harmful to children＇s growth and development and can severely jeopardize their health. This study was set out to investigate and analyze the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Shanghe County in Shandong Province, China, and provide new insights into potential prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Based on the random sampling method, we performed dental examinations of children aged 2 to 6 years in kindergartens of Shanghe County. The prevalence of caries, the average number of decayed teeth per capita as well as the constituent rates of decayed, missing and filled teeth were determined retrospectively. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results Dental caries were found in 1088 out of 2052 children from 56 kindergartens. The total number of decayed teeth was 4487 with a prevalence of 53.02%. The average number of decayed teeth per capita was 2.187, and the filling rate was 0.29%. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of caries between boys and girls though there were significant differences between different age groups. The prevalence of decayed teeth as well as the mean number of decayed teeth infected per capita increased with age. In addition, urban children had a higher prevalence than those from rural areas （P 〈0.01）. Conclusions The prevalence of decayed caries among kindergarten children in Shanghe County was high, suggesting that more emphasis should be put on improving oral health education with priority given to prevention. Further efforts should be made to increase the decayed caries filling rate.     

Oral health status of students at the age of 12-15 years in southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea: results of a descriptive epidemiological study

A sample of 555 students from three geographically and socioculturally different areas within the Southern Highlands Province, between the ages of 12 and 15 years, was examined in June 1995 to assess the oral health status for planning, monitoring and evaluation purposes. The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 57%, with a DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) score of 1.70 (+/- 2.25) with DT, MT and FT scores of 1.47, 0.12 and 0.10 respectively. 54% of students had active caries and 27% had a DMFT score more than 3. Gingivitis was prevalent among students and visible calculus was present in 35% of them. Only 29% were dentally fit and did not need treatment. About 3% needed some form of orthodontic treatment, and endodontic and cosmetic treatment were respectively needed in 3.5% and 2% of the children.     

昆明市3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况

目的 了解昆明市区35岁儿童乳牙的患龋率和软垢情况, 观察二者之间的相互关系, 为昆明市儿童龋病的防治提供理论依据.方法 随机选取昆明市区30家幼儿园共6 958名儿童, 检查患龋率和软垢情况进行分析.结果 昆明市35岁儿童患龋率为58.68%, 龋均 (XDMFT) 为2.61, 不同年龄间的患龋率、龋均和简化软垢指数均有统计学意义 (P<0.05) , 不同性别间的患龋率、龋均和简化软垢指数差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) .口腔软垢情况和患龋率之间无相关性.结论 昆明市35岁儿童的患龋率较高, 应加强乳牙龋病的防治.     

北京市儿童第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭防龋效果分析

目的 探讨北京市2005年以来开展窝沟封闭预防龋齿项目的临床效果.方法 2011年8月～2012年8月,从北京市接受窝沟封闭复查的儿童中分层随机抽样,共抽取3353人,复查9984颗第一恒磨牙,其中封闭组7282颗,未封闭组2702颗.检查第一恒磨牙合面窝沟封闭剂保留情况及脱落后患龋状况,对所得的数据进行SPSS 13.0统计学分析.结果 窝沟封闭1年后的封闭剂保留率为875％,只有4.1％完全脱落;窝沟封闭5年后封闭剂保留率为34.7％.窝沟封闭组患龋率为1.9％,未封闭组为5.2％,两组患龋率经统计学检验,差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）.封闭组患龋率显著低于未封闭组.结论 窝沟封闭防龋效果显著.同时,窝沟封闭必须严格管理,提高窝沟封闭剂保留率,以保证防龋效果.     

Oral health status of teenage schoolchildren in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

In Papua New Guinea the main dental problem has been periodontal disease and related conditions. Dental caries appears to be low in many community groups. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of dental caries and the periodontal health status of teenage schoolchildren in Port Moresby. 200 children of mean age 15.4 years were examined from two urban community high schools in Port Moresby. 44% of the children examined were caries-free and the average decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) score was 1.43, while only 2.5% of the children had totally healthy periodontal tissues. 18% of them showed pathological periodontal pockets of 4 or 5mm in depth, the remaining children having either gingival bleeding, calculus or both. The results indicated that this group of children showed a low prevalence of dental caries and a high prevalence of periodontal problems. No cases with deep periodontal pockets of 6mm or more were found.     

乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况调查分析

目的：了解新疆乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为防治对策提供依据.方法： 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对乌鲁木齐市7所中小学校,年龄在7～15岁的3 005名不同民族的学生行第一恒磨牙龋病患病率的调查.结果： 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为13.58%,总体龋均为2.07.随着年龄的增长,第一恒磨牙患龋率有明显升高趋势（P＜0.01）;男性患龋率（10.70%）明显低于女性（16.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;汉、维吾尔、哈萨克和回族第一恒磨牙的患龋率分别为16.95%、10.07% 、9.80% 和19.58%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.龋失补牙数为844颗,其中龋齿数随年龄增长呈增加趋势.结论： 乌鲁木齐市中小学生（儿童少年）第一恒磨牙的患龋率较高,患龋程度严重,应加强对第一恒磨牙龋病的预防和治疗.     

泸州市龙马潭区学龄前儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的调查泸州市龙马潭区学龄前儿童乳牙龋病现状,为该区开展学龄前儿童口腔保健工作提供参考。方法采用分层、随机抽样方法,在该区12所幼儿园抽取1 564名学龄前儿童进行全口龋病调查,统计乳牙患龋率、龋均、患龋牙位分布。结果 1 564名学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率为36.83%,患龋者龋均为3.87。男女患龋率分别为35.86%和37.82%,患龋者龋均分别为3.61和4.12,男女患龋率和龋均比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3、4、5、6岁学龄前儿童患龋率分别为12.70%、25.50%、53.39%、57.38%,差异显著（P〈0.05）,但患龋者龋均分别为3.00、3.42、4.19、3.97,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。下颌乳磨牙高于上颌乳磨牙,上颌乳前牙高于下颌乳前牙。结论泸州市龙马潭区学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况不太乐观,应加强口腔健康教育,提高口腔保健意识和口腔健康行为,促进儿童的健康成长。     

Prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth and its relation with tooth brushing habits among schoolchildren in Eastern Saudi Arabia

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of dental caries in the primary and permanent teeth, and evaluate the brushing habits of school children in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods:

This study was conducted at Dammam, KSA. Oral examination of the participants was conducted from February to May 2014. The total sample size for this cross-sectional study was 711. There were 397 children between the age of 6-9 years, who were examined for primary teeth caries, and 314 between the age 10-12 years were examined for permanent teeth caries. Primary and permanent dentitions were studied for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft [primary teeth], DMFT [permanent teeth]).

Results:

The overall prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was almost 73% (n=711). Among the 6-9-year-old, the prevalence of caries was approximately 78% (n=397) whereas, among the 10-12-year-old children, it was approximately 68% (n=314). Mean dmft value among the 6-9-year-olds was 3.66±3.13 with decayed (d) component of 3.28±2.92, missing (m) component of 0.11±0.69, and filled (f) component of 0.26±0.9. Mean DMFT value among the 10-12-year-old children was 1.94±2.0 with decayed (D) component of 1.76±1.85, missing (M) component of 0.03±0.22, and filled (F) of component 0.15±0.73. Daily tooth brushing had a positive effect on caries prevention, and this effect was statistically significant for caries in primary teeth.

Conclusion:

Although the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was not found to be as high as other researchers reported from different cities of KSA, still the prevalence was high considering the World Health Organization future oral health goals. Awareness should be provided to students, as well as, teachers and parents regarding the importance of good brushing habits and regular dental visits.Dental caries is one of the most common cause of extraction of primary teeth in Saudi Arabia.1 In the past few decades, an increase in the prevalence of dental caries has been observed, which can be attributed to a change in lifestyle of Saudis, involving increased consumption of sugary food, carbonated drinks, and lack of awareness towards proper oral health maintenance.2,3 Generally, the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries is decreasing, while in underdeveloped and developing countries, the prevalence is on the rise.4 According to the statistics available from the World Health Organization (WHO), caries prevalence among the 12-year-old children from many European Union states (EU) has decreased considerably from 1970’s to 2006.5 This decline in the caries’ prevalence among EU countries over a period of 35 years could be attributed to an increased awareness of oral hygiene maintenance, and use of fluoridated toothpaste.6 However, among underdeveloped countries where fluoridated toothpaste is not easily available, or not affordable in some cases, caries prevalence is still high.7 The area of dental caries prevalence is of great interest to local and international researchers, which can be indicated by a number of studies that have been performed in developed and developing countries regarding caries’ prevalence.8-10 A study conducted in the urban and rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan to determine whether urbanization and family earnings are related to dental caries reported caries prevalence of 40.5%, and decayed (d), missing (m), and filled (f) teeth (dmft [primary teeth]) score of 1.85 ± 3.26 in preschool children aged 3-5 years,11 while another cross-sectional study performed in Chikar, Pakistan with convenience sampling of 311 schoolchildren revealed an overall DMFT (permanent teeth) score of 3.3 in 5-20-year-olds.12 Several studies have been conducted in different parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to report the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren. A study performed in Riyadh reported a dmft score of 6.1, decayed factor of 4.6, and no significant difference in the prevalence of caries in relation to gender among 789 pre-school children.13 Farsi14 conducted a study to develop an association between enamel defects and caries occurrence in Jeddah, KSA, and reported a dmft score of 3.9, and a strong association between enamel defects and caries prevalence among 4-5-year-olds.14 In 2012, caries prevalence in the maxillary and mandibular first molar in the age group of 7-10 years schoolchildren was determined in Abha city, and a mean DMFT of 2.74 was reported.15 It was also concluded in the same study that caries prevalence in the first permanent molars from this region is higher than the recommended standards of the WHO.15 Extensive literature search was carried out to find studies regarding caries’ prevalence from Dammam, KSA. The search resulted in only one study, which was conducted in 2008 on children with cleft lip and palate aged 1-6 years, and it reported a high dmft of 10.54 from Dammam region.16 Since Dammam is one of the largest cities of the Eastern province of KSA, it would be interesting to observe caries’ prevalence among schoolchildren from this city. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years in Dammam, KSA using the dmft/DMFT index of dental caries.     

新疆北疆地区12岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的：了解新疆北疆地区12岁儿童恒牙患龋状况,为北疆地区龋病预防医疗提供科学依据。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对新疆北疆地区随机抽取的乌鲁木齐市、乌鲁木齐县、伊宁市、伊宁县共12所学校828名12岁儿童进行口腔检查,记录相关龋病流行病学指标。结果在828名受检者中,患龋率为34．51％,龋均为0．85。城、乡儿童患龋率分别为36．61％和32．77％,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1．34,P ＞0．05）。男、女性儿童患龋率分别为29．31％、39．57％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝9．64,P ＜0．01）。汉族、少数民族（维吾尔族和哈萨克族）儿童患龋率分别为33．16％、36．41％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝19．19,P ＜0．01）,窝沟封闭率分别为8．33％和2．05％,差异有统计学意义。828人总的充填率为10．27％。城、乡儿童充填率分别为8．33％、1．93％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝34．86,P ＜0．01）,男、女性儿童充填率分别为4．11％、6．10％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝3．85,P ＜0．05）。汉族、少数民族（维吾尔族、哈萨克族）儿童充填率分别为5．31％、4．95％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4．05,P ＜0．05）。易患龋方面,12岁儿童恒牙上颌患龋人数为157人,下颌患龋人数为230人,分别占患龋人数的40．57％、59．43％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝42．58,P ＜0．01）,患龋率最高的为下颌第一磨牙。结论北疆地区12岁儿童患龋率较高。充填率、窝沟封闭率较低。应加大儿童口腔教育和预防口腔疾病的力度。     

儿童龋病中正畸固定矫治器影响龋病活跃性的分析

目的探讨正畸固定矫治器对儿童龋病活跃性的影响。方法回顾性分析我院于2010年1月～2011年1月收治的37例接受正畸固定矫治的儿童（观察组）和同期没有进行正畸治疗的37例儿童（对照组）,给予Dentocult SM、Dentocult LB和Cariostat三种方法进行检测龋病的活跃性,分析比较两组患儿的检测结果。结果在Dentocult SM、Dentocult LB和Cariostat检查结果中对2、3级比较,观察组儿童均显著高于对照组儿童,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论正在进行正畸固定矫治的儿童龋病活跃性明显增高,易感性也增高,因此要高度重视正在进行正畸治疗的儿童龋病的发生,做好龋病活跃性检测尤其重要。     

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren – An epidemiological study

Background

To ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren dependent on armed forces personnel. To review the overall oral health using DMFT index and to evaluate any relation between increased DMFT index to existing orthodontic problems.

Method

Five schools were randomly selected among Army/KV/AF schools and a random sample of 1200 children aged 10–15 years old attending these schools dependant on armed forces personnel were selected. A survey form was filled up after the examination of children by the principal worker and need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using index for orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and overall oral health status by DMFT index and totaled. Frontal intra oral photograph in centric occlusion were taken. Dental Health Component (DHC) of IOTN for all the patients was marked by one set of orthodontists. The most severe occlusal trait was identified by the examiner for any particular patient and the patient was then categorized according to this most severe trait. AC of the IOTN was assessed by second orthodontist, individual and a layperson.

Results

It was observed that prevalence of malocclusion in the sample was 53.7%. 32.8% (239 males & 154 females) of samples are in need of orthodontic treatment. 55.1% of samples shown no caries risk, 38.1% had moderate caries risk and 6.8% had high caries risk.

Conclusion

Significant percentage of the samples are in need for orthodontic treatment. There is significant relation between higher DMFT index and orthodontic treatment need. It was found that IOTN is a reliable and user-friendly index, which can be used for orthodontic surveys.     

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren – An epidemiological study

Background

To ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in schoolchildren dependent on armed forces personnel. To review the overall oral health using DMFT index and to evaluate any relation between increased DMFT index to existing orthodontic problems.

Method

Five schools were randomly selected among Army/KV/AF schools and a random sample of 1200 children aged 10–15 years old attending these schools dependant on armed forces personnel were selected. A survey form was filled up after the examination of children by the principal worker and need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using index for orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and overall oral health status by DMFT index and totaled. Frontal intra oral photograph in centric occlusion were taken. Dental Health Component (DHC) of IOTN for all the patients was marked by one set of orthodontists. The most severe occlusal trait was identified by the examiner for any particular patient and the patient was then categorized according to this most severe trait. AC of the IOTN was assessed by second orthodontist, individual and a layperson.

Results

It was observed that prevalence of malocclusion in the sample was 53.7%. 32.8% (239 males & 154 females) of samples are in need of orthodontic treatment. 55.1% of samples shown no caries risk, 38.1% had moderate caries risk and 6.8% had high caries risk.

Conclusion

Significant percentage of the samples are in need for orthodontic treatment. There is significant relation between higher DMFT index and orthodontic treatment need. It was found that IOTN is a reliable and user-friendly index, which can be used for orthodontic surveys.     

乳牙融合与恒牙先天缺失

本文对北京地区1910名2～6岁儿童进行了乳牙融合发生情况调查;并对30名乳牙融合者作了X线全颌曲面断层检查,结果表明:(1)乳牙融合发生率为2.77％,易发部位为A和C(54.72％)及A和B(41.51％);(2)乳牙融合牙个体中,56.67％伴恒牙胚先天缺失,大大高于自然人群中恒牙先天缺失发生率;(3)B和C融合者,78.95％伴恒牙胚先天缺失,而A和B融合者均无缺失。