复智散对抗Aβ25-35神经细胞毒性机制的研究

目的 研究自制中药复智散对Aβ25-35神经毒性作用的影响及相关机制。方法 测定Aβ25-35及复智散孵育下SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤株的MTT值，利用Western Blot法检测CREB、Bcl-2、CytC的表达。结果 Aβ25-35致培养神经细胞存活率下降、CREB和Bcl-2表达下调、CytC表达增加，复智散促进神经细胞存活、上调CREB和Bcl-2、减少CytC释放入胞浆。结论 复智散通过对CREB、Bcl-2和CytC的影响对抗Aβ25-35的神经细胞毒性效应。     

醒脑静对Aβ诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的保护作用及机制

目的探讨醒脑静对Aβ25~35诱导的人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法建立Aβ25~35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡模型;MTT法检测不同浓度醒脑静对Aβ25~35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞增殖的影响;Annexin-V/PI流式细胞分析法检测不同浓度醒脑静对Aβ25~35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot法检测细胞中线粒体凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2及Bax表达水平变化情况。结果 SH-SY5Y细胞经过Aβ25~35造模处理后,细胞形态由梭形变为方形,细胞大小固缩,数量减少,凋亡小体形成,凋亡模型构建成功;醒脑静可以促进Aβ诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞增殖;醒脑静可以抑制Aβ25~35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡、下调Bax蛋白表达及上调Bcl-2蛋白表达抑制Aβ25~35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡。结论醒脑静对Aβ25~35诱导的SHSY5Y细胞凋亡具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能是通过调节Bcl-2及Bax水平抑制细胞凋亡的发生。     

嘌呤霉素敏感的氨肽酶对β-淀粉样蛋白诱导的细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨嘌呤霉素敏感的氨肽酶(PSA)对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞、PC12细胞凋亡的影响. 方法 采用MTT法检测Aβ25-35对SH-SY5Y、PC12细胞生长的影响;Hoechst染色检测Aβ25-35对SH-SY5Y、PC12细胞核形态的影响;进一步采用脂质体转染法在SH-SY5Y细胞中瞬时转染PSA-siRNA,在PC12细胞中瞬时转染PSA重组质粒,加入Aβ25-35作用24h后收集细胞,进行流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;Western blotting检测PSA、caspase-3蛋白的表达变化;酶标仪检测caspase-3活性. 结果 Aβ25-35抑制SH-SY5Y、PC12细胞增殖,细胞核发生凋亡的形态学改变,流式检测细胞凋亡率增加;在SH-SY5Y细胞中,沉默PSA表达能使Aβ25-35诱导的细胞凋亡率升高,促进caspase-3酶原激活,caspase-3活性升高.反之,PC12细胞中过表达的PSA能使Aβ25-35诱导的细胞凋亡率下降,抑制caspase-3酶原激活,caspase-3活性降低. 结论 Aβ25-35能抑制神经细胞生长,引起神经细胞凋亡;PSA能抑制Aβ25-35诱导的神经细胞凋亡,对神经元具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制caspase-3通路的激活有关.     

醒脑静对Aβ25-35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的 观察醒脑静注射液对Aβ_25-35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体损伤的保护作用。方法 将培养的SH-SY5Y细胞随机分为5组,即(1)正常对照组:细胞正常培养27 h;(2)AD细胞模型组:细胞正常培养3 h,随后用老化的Aβ_25-35(25μmol/L)处理24 h;(3)醒脑静低浓度组:醒脑静注射液(5 μl/mL)预处理细胞3 h,随后用老化的Aβ_25-35(25 μmol/L)处理24 h;(4)醒脑静中浓度组:醒脑静注射液(10 μl/mL)预处理细胞3 h,随后用老化的Aβ_25-35(25μmol/L)处理24 h;(5)醒脑静高浓度组:醒脑静注射液(20 μl/mL)预处理细胞3 h,随后用老化的Aβ_25-35(25 μmol/L)处理24 h; 处理后各组细胞利用MTT法检测细胞存活率,紫外分光光度法检测细胞内ATP含量,流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位水平。结果 AD细胞模型组细胞存活率较正常对照组降低(P<0.05),醒脑静不同浓度组细胞存活率较AD细胞模型组均明显升高(P<0.05); AD细胞模型组细胞内ATP含量、线粒体膜电位水平较正常对照组下降(P<0.05),醒脑静不同浓度组细胞内ATP含量、线粒体膜电位水平较AD细胞模型组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 醒脑静预处理可抑制Aβ_25-35诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,提高细胞存活率,其机制可能与醒脑静提高细胞内ATP含量及线粒体膜电位水平而发挥线粒体保护作用有关。     

黄芩苷对AB25-35诱导人神经原母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y凋亡的保护作用

目的：探讨黄芩苷对Aβ诱导的神经细胞凋亡的保护作用,同时通过对诱导凋亡的关键因素综合分析阐明其作用机制。 方法：①实验方法及分组：正常对照组,神经元母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y无血清培养;模型组,模型组加终浓度为25μmol/L 的Aβ25-35处理24h;黄芩苷治疗组,黄芩苷预处理1h,再加终浓度为25μmol/L的 Aβ25-35处理24h,大剂量组采用100μM,小剂量组采用50μM。②实验评估：各实验组作用24小时后,收集细胞上清ELISA测定细胞NO、LDH分泌;MTT实验测定各组细胞存活率;流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的改变;RT-PCR检测caspase-3的mRNA水平。 结果：MTT实验显示,Aβ25-35处理后SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率明显下降（p<0.01）,而黄芩苷各治疗组则显示出明显的保护作用（p＜0.05,p＜0.01）;细胞上清LDH活性测试显示,Aβ25-35组上清中的LDH明显升高（p＜0.01）;黄芩苷组各治疗组与模型组比差异显著（p＜0.05,p＜0.01）;比色法测定细胞上清中NO分泌显示,Aβ25-35处理后细胞NO分泌明显上升（31.64±1.96μM）,而黄芩苷各治疗组均能有效抑制NO的产生,黄芩苷100μM（9.43±0.63μM）,黄芩苷50μM（23.41±0.94μM）p＜0.01;流式细胞仪分别测定细胞凋亡率及线粒体膜电位,结果显示与正常对照组比较Aβ25-35明显诱导了细胞凋亡,同时线粒体膜电位也明显下降（p＜0.01）,而黄芩苷各治疗通过保护线粒体膜电位有效抑制了凋亡的发生发生;进一步的caspase-3mRNA表达测定中也显示黄芩苷各组均能明显抑制caspase-3的表达。 结论：本研究结果明确了黄芩苷能有效抑制Aβ25-35诱导的神经元细胞的调亡,在进一步机制研究中显示了黄芩苷同过抑制自由基损伤、调亡分子caspase-3的表达以及保护线粒体正常功能等凋亡发生的关键环节保护了神经元细胞。     

丁基苯酞对帕金森病细胞模型保护作用的初步研究

目的探讨丁基苯酞(dl-3-n-Butylphthalide,NBP)对鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森病细胞模型的保护作用及其机制。方法分别使用终浓度为0.1、1、10、100μM NBP和溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)预处理SH-SY5Y细胞24h后,加入终浓度为200nM的鱼藤酮处理24h建立多巴胺能细胞损伤模型,观察各组细胞形态,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率(Annexin V-FITC/PI)、线粒体膜电位(JC-1)、细胞内活性氧水平(DCFH-DA)。结果200nmol/L鱼藤酮处理SH-SY5Y细胞24h能够诱导细胞活性下降和细胞凋亡,NBP预处理后SH-SY5Y细胞存活率明显升高,细胞凋亡率降低,线粒体膜电位显著升高(P0.05),细胞内活性氧水平显著降低(P0.05),且随NBP浓度的增加对SH-SY5Y细胞的保护作用增强。结论NBP对鱼藤酮诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤具有良好的保护作用,线粒体保护可能是其作用机制之一。     

β淀粉样蛋白25-35致神经细胞损伤的机制及信号转导通路初步研究

目的探讨β淀粉样蛋白25-35(Aβ25-35)导致神经细胞损伤的机制及在损伤过程中涉及的信号转导通路中相关酶caspase-3的变化。方法采用荧光染色法、流式细胞法、反转录PCR法研究Aβ25-35对SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤机制及信号转导通路中caspase-3的变化。结果经Aβ25-35处理的SH-SY5Y细胞核中出现浓染的碎块状荧光,流式细胞法检测到凋亡特有的亚二倍体峰,对照组细胞凋亡率为(3.57±0.28)%(n=9),经10、20μmol/L Aβ25-35处理30 h的细胞,其凋亡率分别为(17.44±1.27)%和(38.82±2.06)%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。反转录PCR产物凝胶电泳的caspase-3与看家基因-βactin的比(0.92)高于对照组(0.19)。结论Aβ25-35促使SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,此过程中caspase-3转录水平增高。     

LINC00612靶向结合Bcl-2抑制Aβ1-42孵育的神经元凋亡

目的探讨LINC00612对β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid protein β,Aβ) 1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的影响。方法利用Aβ1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞建立阿尔茨海默病神经元损伤模型。应用qRT-PCR实验检测Aβ1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞中LINC00612的表达。将LINC00612过表达质粒转染至Aβ1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞,Western blot实验检测Bcl-2的表达,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡。RNA-pulldown和RIP实验检测LINC00612与Bcl-2的结合作用。结果 LINC00612在Aβ1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞中低表达。过表达LINC00612显著增加Bcl-2表达量,降低细胞凋亡。RNA-pulldown和RIP实验结果显示LINC00612能够与直接Bcl-2结合。结论过表达LINC00612能够上调Bcl-2表达量,抑制Aβ1-42孵育的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡。     

通心络对体外培养SH-SY5Y细胞Aβ25-35毒性损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨通心络对体外培养SH-SY5Y细胞Aβ25-35损伤的保护作用。方法采用细胞培养法，以神经母细胞瘤SH～SY5Y细胞系为材料制备Aβ25-35损伤的离体细胞损伤模型。采用细胞形态学观察细胞形态及以MTT法测定细胞存活率。结果 不同浓度通心络作用不同时间其MTT代谢率均高于损伤对照组（P〈0．01），高、中浓度通心络治疗组均高于低浓度治疗组（P〈0．05），而高、中浓度治疗组间差异无统计学意义；相同浓度通心络作用不同时间其MTT代谢率相比较，36、24h组优于12h组（P〈0．05），而24h与36h组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论 通心络可促进神经细胞生存，具有神经细胞保护作用。     

缺血后处理对SH-SY5Y细胞缺血再灌注模型的保护作用

目的研究缺血后处理对SH-SY5Y细胞缺血再灌注损伤模型的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法将SH-SY5Y细胞分为三组：正常组、缺血再灌注组、缺血后处理组,缺血再灌注组予以糖氧剥夺12 h后正常培养,缺血后处理组经糖氧剥夺12 h后予以3个循环的正常培养10 min/糖氧剥夺10 min,正常培养12 h后通过光镜、荧光显微镜以及细胞计数法、流式细胞术、SOD活力检测SH-SY5Y细胞的改变。结果缺血后处理组的SH-SY5Y细胞存活率较缺血再灌注组明显增加而凋亡率明显下降（P〈0.01）,经缺血后处理的SH-SY5Y细胞内SOD的活力较缺血再灌注组增加32.53%（P〈0.05）。结论缺血后处理在细胞离体状态下可以发挥保护作用,能够降低SH-SY5Y细胞缺血再灌注损伤引起的细胞凋亡,提高细胞内SOD的活力。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.