基于转化医学理念的药学研究生教学

当前药学研究生教育中存在基础理论知识与药物研究实际相脱节的问题,导致药学专业研究生对新药研发认识不足。针对这一现状,探讨药学研究生教学的新思路势在必行。转化医学是一个药学、医学、生命科学交叉融合和飞速发展的领域,对药学研究生而言,开展基于转化医学发展原则和实践理念的药学教育,无疑是优化药学研究生培养模式的重要途径,将帮助学生更加深刻地理解即将从事的新药研发工作,培养有能力将基础研究成果向临床应用转化的人才。     

创新和创业型药学人才培养的渐进路径

在药学与医学和生物学融合的学科背景下,在本专科教育普及的时代背景下,在药物治疗个性化的社会背景下,地方药学院系的生命力植根于培养创新和创业型人才,依赖于在本科教育层面培养学生的创新和创业兴趣、在硕士教育层面培养学生的创新和创业意识、在博士教育层面培养学生的创新和创业能力。本文认为,这条创新和创业型人才培养的渐进路径体现了药学在与医学和生物学融合中培养创新和创业型人才的时代特色、透视了药学在为建设创新型国家做贡献中培养创新和创业型人才的理性思维、实践了药学在解决疾病治疗的科学问题中培养创新和创业型人才的操作规程。     

近五十年来分析化学新进展

分析化学的发展和一些重大的发现,都与分析技术应用在医学、生物学和药学的改进相关;医学、生物学和药学的发展由分析技术的发展来推进;分析化学中分析技术的发展促进了医学、生物学和药学的融合。改革分析化学教学,在教材中补充上述信息,对增进药学类大学生的学习兴趣、培养创新能力、阐述分析化学学科发展有重大意义。     

星的大学临床营养教育

日本的传统药学教育是以配药工程和药物治疗教育为中心,这个系统并没有随着医学的进步和改变社会的需要而改变,我们有必要对药学教育体制进行改革。从2006年起,药学教育系统的学年从现在的4年延长到6年。我们必须从患者认识他们开始进行药剂师教育。     

美国药学教育发展历程对我国的启示

目的:了解美国药学教育发展历程及其对我国药学教育的借鉴意义。方法:通过美国实地考察和资料查询,对美国临床药学教育,包括药学教育认证、入学方式、学制及学历学位、课程设置等内容进行剖析,并与国内药学教育进行比较。结果与结论:美国的临床药学教育为经认证的6年制药学博士教育,其学位为针对药师职位特设的Pharm.D,课程设置标准程度高,选修课程多,注重实践教学和学科融合。美国已形成较为成熟的药学教育模式,对我国药学教育具有一定的借鉴意义。     

循证药学的基本概念及其应用

自"循证医学"概念提出以来,以证据为基础的医学模式在全世界范围内迅速发展,范围从临床医学逐步扩大到医学、药学各个领域。本文着重讲述"循证药学"的相关知识,对其概念及其与循证医学的关系进行阐述,介绍循证药学的系统评价方法,并通过相关的研究举例说明循证药学在新药准入、评价药物疗效、合理用药、药物不良反应监测及药物经济学方面的应用。作为药学未来发展的必然趋势,循证药学还有待更多医药工作者进一步学习和研究。     

临床药学专业的课程教育模式探讨

临床药学是我国新增的高等药学教育专业方向,是一个医药学交叉融合的专业,在课程设置中涵盖了药学、临床医学、基础医学等的相关学科,其目的是培养具有扎实的药学、医学专业知识及相关社会科学知识,具有较强的药学、医学实践和人际交流能力,具有良好的职业道德和人文素养,具有创新、创业精神,能够从事临床药学日常工作、合理用药、正确使用及评价药物治疗、临床药理研究、临床药品管理、     

《中国药师》杂志征订、征稿启事

《中国药师》于1998年6月创刊,为科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科技核心期刊,湖北医学优秀精品期刊,被国内各大检索数据库和《国际药学文摘》收录,2010年被遴选进入WHO西太平洋地区医学索引。设有＂研究论文＂、＂继续教育＂、＂药学进展＂、＂研究报告＂、＂药学与临床＂、     

循证医学思想对临床药学工作的启示

目的:在临床药学工作中引入循证医学思想,增加临床药师工作的科学性,为临床提供循证药学证据。方法:结合临床需要,建立临床用药循证医学资料库,并将循证医学的思想引入到医院药物采购、抗菌药物治疗方案制定、ADR分析及用药教育的整个过程。结果:循证医学思想的引入,有利于提高临床用药合理率、提升医疗服务质量、培养临床药师的专业素质。结论:循证医学思想的引入有利于临床药学的发展。     

《中国药师》杂志欢迎订阅 欢迎投稿

《中国药师》1998年6月创刊,为科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科技核心期刊,湖北医学优秀精品期刊,国内各大检索数据库和《国际药学文摘》收录,2010年被遴选进入WHO西太平洋地区医学索引。设有"研究论文""继续教育""药学进展""研究报告""药学与临床""药品监管""综述与专论""科技交流""医药信息"栏目,     

顺应高等药学教育发展 加强化学基础课程改革

化学基础课程是药学专业教育的重要组成部分。随着我国高等药学教育的发展,化学基础课程的教学改革也面临新的挑战。为适应药学高级专门人才培养的要求,应当使化学基础课程与药学融合,强化其药学专业特色,建立灵活多样的课程设置和内容,努力打造精品课程,更有效地发挥化学基础课程在药学教育中的重要作用。     

临床药学学科与学科的可持续发展

目的:探讨临床药学学科的基本概念与学科体系构建,探索学科可持续发展需要关注的主要问题。方法:通过对我国药学学科发展,尤其是医院药学发展的分析,并参考国外临床药学学科发展的基本情况进行论述。结果:临床药学学科是重点研究药物临床合理应用方法的综合性应用技术学科,具有实践性、综合性及社会性特征。临床药师成长必须坚持临床途径。临床药学的产生和发展,完善了药学学科体系,扩展了药学学科的范畴,从而促进了药学学科的整体发展。结论:临床药学学科是最具活力的药学新领域之一。广泛地参与药物临床应用、建立系统的临床药学教育体系是临床药学学科可持续发展的基本条件。针对临床药物应用问题开展临床药学研究是完善和提高学科水平的必然选择。     

The Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2020: Report of a Conference Organized by the Board of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)

The Board of Pharmaceutical Sciences (BPS) of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) has developed a view on the future of pharmaceutical sciences in 2020. This followed an international conference with invited participants from various fields (academicians, scientists, regulators, industrialists, venture capitalists) who shared their views on the forces that might determine how the pharmaceutical sciences will look in 2020. The commentary here provides a summary of major research activities that will drive drug discovery and development, enabling technologies for pharmaceutical sciences, paradigm shifts in drug discovery, development and regulations, and changes in education to meet the demands of academia, industry and regulatory institutions for pharmaceutical sciences in 2020.     

The Future of the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate Education: Recommendations from the AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group

Despite pharma''s recent sea change in approach to drug discovery and development, U.S. pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs are currently maintaining traditional methods for master''s and doctoral student education. The literature on graduate education in the biomedical sciences has long been advocating educating students to hone soft skills like communication and teamwork, in addition to maintaining excellent basic skills in research. However, recommendations to date have not taken into account the future trends in the pharmaceutical industry. The AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group has completed a literature survey of the trends in the pharmaceutical industry and graduate education in order to determine whether our graduate programs are strategically positioned to prepare our graduates for successful careers in the next few decades. We recommend that our pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs take a proactive leadership role in meeting the needs of our future graduates and employers. Our graduate programs should bring to education the innovation and collaboration that our industry also requires to be successful and relevant in this century.     

Pharmaceutical education in the wake of genomic technologies for drug development and personalized medicine.

The development of safe and effective new therapeutics is a long, difficult, and expensive process. Over the last 20-30 years, recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has provided a multiple of new methods, molecular targets and DNA-based diagnostics to pharmaceutical research that can be utilized in assays for screening and developing potential biopharmaceutical drugs. In parallel, new innovative approaches to drug delivery systems were discovered and reached the market. Pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacogenomics, combinatorial chemistry, in close relation to high-throughput screening technologies, and bioinformatics are major advances that give a new direction to pharmaceutical sciences. To meet with the needs of this new dynamic era of pharmaceutical research and health care environment, pharmaceutical education has to set new priorities to keep pace with the challenges related to genomic technologies. The development of new initiative education programs, for both undergraduate and graduate curricula, in pharmacy has to be focused on preparing pharmacists oriented for both pharmacy practice and drug research and development. This can be achieved by providing future pharmacists with knowledge, skills and attitudes to be more competitive in the health care system, pharmacy practice-related fields, pharmaceutical industry and drug research and development areas, or finally in academia. Educators and pharmacy school members have the responsibility of deciding how, to what extent, by which methods, and/or in which way these changes and new directions in the education programs should be developed.     

Expectations for the education of graduate school of pharmaceutical sciences from the viewpoint of discovery and development of new drugs

For the purpose of the development of new drugs for incurable diseases, many students enter graduate school of pharmaceutical sciences every year. At first, I expect education to let it develop more and spread without forgetting this will. Recently, withdrawals from Japan of the research institutes of the foreign-affiliated pharmaceutical companies have occurred successively. It is pointed out that there is it for the study about the biomedical research that is the next step of fundamental researches having been weak. I expect the immediate construction of the cluster, which consists of pharmaceutical companies and graduate schools of pharmaceutical sciences. Time of ten several years and a cost of one hundred billion yen are necessary for the research and development of new drug. The success probability is low, besides. Many trials are accomplished to raise the success probability. The one is introduction of the project system. The best members are gathered from the fields such as medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics and toxicological sciences, etc. The project system is a system enforcing go or stop by own judgment, an authority and the responsibility of the purpose are given. It is necessary for the project leader to have great knowledge and the abilities to hold lively discussion. It is a researcher from graduate school of pharmaceutical sciences that is the most suited to be as a project leader. I expect to upbring education from the time when a leader is young.     

Education in graduate school of pharmaceutical sciences

The report of the Council for the improvement in the education of pharmaceutical sciences and the recommendation of the Central Council for Education indicate that the 6-year education is required to develop pharmacists with high qualities as medical staff. Each college of pharmacy started the education and practical training based on the model core-curriculum with the original program. On the other hand, to develop a scientist for the development of novel medicines, 4-year education program is also required. Under these new education systems, what we should do in the education in the graduate school of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences has been discussed. Recently, the first report about the purpose and the strategy in the graduate school in the new generation was submitted. Here, I will comment on the details of this report.     

Challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry: training graduates for employment in pharmaceutical R&D.

There is a shortfall between output from universities and demand by the pharmaceutical and health care industries for science and engineering graduates able to rapidly contribute to success in the business environment. Against a changing infrastructure of pharmaceutical research, the development of new chemical entities by major companies accounts for a high proportion of R&D expenditure. Allocation of staff is divided fairly evenly between discovery, non-clinical and clinical research activities and in all categories the new sciences are likely to be used extensively.In dealing with the shortfall the challenge comes from balancing education in basic science with training in the emerging areas of science and technology. There is a need for a 'partnership' that includes not only industry and academia but also government, since these three bodies have both synergistic and diverging interests in scientific education.On the education-training continuum, industry should recognise what it most values from academia and provide as much input and support as possible. At the same time universities must question their ability to fulfil their traditional educational role in the face of current rates of adoption of new sciences and technology. While disciplinary excellence remains vital for PhD students, multi-disciplinary programmes are becoming increasingly important to enable graduates to function effectively in the modern, globalised pharmaceutical industry.     

Rho Chi lecture. The pharmaceutical sciences as academic disciplines

Recent studies of higher education in America have raised concern over the lack of integrity and coherence, the absence of vigorous intellectual exchange, and the dominance of careerism in the undergraduate curriculum. Observations and recommendations emanating from studies of pharmaceutical education acknowledge the importance of problem-solving abilities but emphasize the inculcation of knowledge relevant to professional functions and the development of skill in contemporary practice. The current emphasis placed on training students for pharmacy practice found in the pharmacy curriculum causes the objective of achieving intellectual growth to be overshadowed. Balance must be restored. The pharmaceutical sciences, taught for their value as academic disciplines and for their integrity with other branches of science, could serve as the stimulus for intellectual growth of students. An academic baccalaureate program with a major in pharmaceutical sciences as the required base for professional education is proposed as a remedy.     

Challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry: training graduates for employment in pharmaceutical R&D

There is a shortfall between output from universities and demand by the pharmaceutical and health care industries for science and engineering graduates able to rapidly contribute to success in the business environment. Against a changing infrastructure of pharmaceutical research, the development of new chemical entities by major companies accounts for a high proportion of R&D expenditure. Allocation of staff is divided fairly evenly between discovery, non-clinical and clinical research activities and in all categories the new sciences are likely to be used extensively.In dealing with the shortfall the challenge comes from balancing education in basic science with training in the emerging areas of science and technology. There is a need for a ‘partnership’ that includes not only industry and academia but also government, since these three bodies have both synergistic and diverging interests in scientific education.On the education-training continuum, industry should recognise what it most values from academia and provide as much input and support as possible. At the same time universities must question their ability to fulfil their traditional educational role in the face of current rates of adoption of new sciences and technology. While disciplinary excellence remains vital for PhD students, multi-disciplinary programmes are becoming increasingly important to enable graduates to function effectively in the modern, globalised pharmaceutical industry.