腹腔镜阑尾切除术的护理体会

阑尾炎是临床常见的普外科疾病。腹腔镜手术是近年来广泛应用于治疗急、慢性阑尾炎的一种微创手术,腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有创口小、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优点。良好的术前准备和精心、细致的术后护理,是治疗成功的重要支持和保证。我科自2010年3月～2011年3月行腹腔镜阑尾切除术40例,现将护理体会总结如下。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿外科疾病

目的：探讨后腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科的应用。方法：回顾性分析2002-01～2008-12后腹腔镜手术治疗173例泌尿系疾病患者的临床资料。结果：169例手术成功,4例转开放。手术时间0.5～4.5h,平均1.5h。术中及术后均未输血,无明显术后并发症。术后住院时间2～18d,平均5.6d。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病具有手术安全、创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

改良式腹腔镜阑尾切除术95例体会

目的：总结归纳近年我院开展腹腔镜阑尾切除术（1aparoscopie appendectomyLA）的实用技巧。方法2010年12月～2014年2月采用全身麻醉方式、改良三孔法或四孔法操作、阑尾系膜电凝剥离、阑尾根部丝线结扎、自制标本袋阑尾取出等改良操作行 LA 95例。结果除1例中转开腹外均成功完成。手术时间25～120 min,平均40 min。术后病理：急性单纯性阑尾炎43例,急性化脓性阑尾炎39例。慢性阑尾炎8例,坏疽穿孔性阑尾炎5例。术后随访2～12个月无并发症。结论改良LA治疗阑尾炎经济安全可靠。     

小儿急性化脓性阑尾炎150例治疗分析

目的：总结小儿化脓性阑尾炎的临床诊治,提高临床医师对于小儿化脓性阑尾炎的全面认识,做到早诊断,早治疗,并减少术后并发症的发生。方法对收治的860例阑尾炎患儿临床病历资料进行统计,其中150例化脓性阑尾炎患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析、总结。结果本组150例均行手术治疗,行传统开腹手术62例,腹腔镜手术88例,腹腔镜中转开腹2例,术后阑尾标本行病理检查：化脓性阑尾炎150例,平均就诊时间为32.5 h,临床症状表现为：腹痛、发热、恶心与呕吐、腹泻、肠梗阻、腹部压痛等,术前诊断与术后诊断均为阑尾炎者138例,符合率为92.0％。术后合并并发症11例,均痊愈出院,无死亡病例。结论急性化脓性阑尾炎小年龄患儿的穿孔率高,临床医师应该详细询问病史、仔细体格检查、合理运用辅助检查、综合分析尽可能的诊做到早诊断,及时的手术治疗,降低阑尾穿孔的发生率,减少术后并发症的发生。     

三孔腹腔镜与开放手术治疗急性阑尾炎的疗效评价

目的 评价三孔腹腔镜与开放性阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎的疗效.方法 回顾性分析63例急性阑尾炎患儿临床资料,其中37例为开放手术组,三孔腹腔镜组26例.所有被纳入研究的患儿均无并发症.结果 开放组和三孔腹腔镜组平均手术时间分别为（43.94±18.91）min和（59.65±19.29）min.三孔腹腔镜组和开放组的平均住院日分别为（5.02±1.27）d和（7.26±1.09）d.与开放阑尾切除术组相比,三孔腹腔镜组手术部位感染的发生率显著降低（P＜0.05）.结论 对于无并发症的阑尾炎,三孔腹腔镜技术可缩短住院时间,与开放性阑尾切除术组相比,能降低手术部位感染的发生率,但手术时间较开放阑尾切除术长.     

经脐单切口与传统腹腔镜诊治小儿急性阑尾炎效果比较

 目的 探讨经脐单切口腹腔镜技术在小儿急性阑尾炎诊断和治疗的安全性及可靠性。方法 回顾2013-03至2015-03收治的小儿急性阑尾炎112例病历资料,分为经脐单切口与传统腹腔镜诊断和手术治疗两组。手术时年龄为生后2 h～16岁,平均随访时间13.7个月(3～24个月),其中单纯性阑尾炎28例,化脓性阑尾炎58例,坏疽阑尾炎26例。结果 通过比较单切口腹腔镜组及传统腹腔镜组治疗小儿阑尾炎,手术时间前者较后者有明显缩短[(35.9±10.0)min vs (41.7±15.1)min,P<0.05],在术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、术后并发症方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论 经脐单切口腹腔镜技术是诊断、治疗小儿急性阑尾炎的安全、可靠的方法,术后近期疗效满意,为小儿急诊外科诊治提供了新的途径。
     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术的护理体会

急性阑尾炎是普外科最常见的疾病之一，腹腔镜阑尾切除术已渐成为临床治疗急、慢性阑尾炎的首选方式。此手术具有创口小、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等特点，患者易接受。2004年10月～2006年12月以来我院共施行腹腔镜阑尾切除术225例，临床疗效满意，现将护理要点介绍如下。     

脐部双套管无钛夹腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床应用

目的：探讨经脐部双套管无钛夹技术行腹腔镜阑尾切除术（Laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）的临床应用价值。方法：60例阑尾炎患者行经脐部双套管无钛夹技术LA。结果：所有手术均获成功。无中转常规腹腔镜或开腹手术。平均手术时间38min,无术中、术后并发症发生。除脐部皱折部位外无可见的腹壁瘢痕。结论：经脐三通道套管技术LA安全、简便、美观。     

经腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张750例体会

目的探讨应用腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效及安全性。方法对750例精索静脉曲张患者行腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术,并随访观察其疗效及安全性。结果、750例患者手术均获成功,无手术并发症,手术时间平均为18min,住院时间平均为4d,术后临床症状消失。随访2-12个月精液质量显著提高,未见复发,无睾九萎缩。结论腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快、效果好、并发疽少等优点,对双侧精索静脉曲张更具临床应用价值。     

腹部超声联合腹腔镜手术治疗116例小儿急性阑尾炎的临床体会

目的 :探讨超声检查在腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿急性阑尾炎的临床价值与诊疗体会。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月——2016年6月符合纳入研究条件的116例婴幼儿急性阑尾炎(2~6岁)患者的临床资料,所有患者行腹腔镜阑尾切除(LA)手术。结果:116例患儿全部完成手术,无中转开腹病例,无阑尾动脉出血、腹腔残余脓肿及粘连性肠梗阻的病例。手术时间(20±7.3)min,术中出血量为(5±1.6)mL,术后引流管留置时间(2±1.8)d,术后住院时间(5±1.1)d。术后腹胀4例,切口感染1例,3——6天处理后恢复良好;随访中术后无粘连性肠梗阻的病例。结论:熟练掌握观察炎性改变后阑尾的超声影像技巧,联合腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿急性阑尾炎具有安全性高,可行性强,创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,远期疗效显著等特点。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.