提高缺铁动物对铁补充效应的实验研究

用大鼠血红蛋白恢复试验及铁补充与整体铁存留直线回归分析研究了缺铁大鼠每３日或每日连续补铁的生物利用效率。首先，用无铁基础饲料复制大鼠的缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）模型，然后分别进行两周每间隔３日或每日连续补铁（８ｍｇ）试验。以０．８ｍｇ／日铁喂饲建立铁正常大鼠为对照。结果：铁正常对照，ＩＤＡ每３日或每日补铁三组大鼠血红蛋白转换效率分别为９．２１％，６．９％及２．８％，后两组相对生物利用率（ＲＢＡ）为７４．     

每周一次补铁方案对学前儿童铁营养与体格发育作用的研究

２５５名３￣５岁学龄前儿童随机会为每周或每日补铁组，补铁剂量为每周一次或每日４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。经两个月补铁试验，观察比较正常与贫血儿童对两种不同补铁方案，在改善儿童铁营养状况和促进体格发育方面的作用。结果显示，每周一次补铁方案使贫血患病率由２４．４％下降到５．７％，血红蛋白含量增加１２．８ｇ／Ｌ。每周一次补铁儿童补铁后身高、体重、上臂围净增长值分别为１．３￣１．５ｃｍ，０．５￣０．７ｋｇ、０．１５￣０     

每周一次补铁方案对学前儿童铁营养与体格发育作用的研究

２５５名３～５岁学龄前儿童随机会为每周或每日补铁组，补铁剂量为每周一次或每日４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。经两个月补铁试验，观察比较正常与贫血儿童对两种不同补铁方案，在改善儿童铁营养状况和促进体格发育方面的作用。结果显示，每周一次补铁方案使贫血患病率由２４．４％下降到５．７％，血红蛋白含量增加１２．８ｇ／Ｌ。每周一次补铁儿童补铁后身高、体重、上臂围净增长值分别为１．３～１．５ｃｍ，０．５～０．７ｋｇ、０．１５～０．１３ｃｍ，显著高于正常对照儿童。每周一次补铁方案在改善儿童铁营养，促进体格发育方面的作用与每日补铁方案无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

我国儿童钙营养状况

从我国１９９２年全国第３次营养抽样调查结果来看，我国居民平均每日钙摄入量为４０５－４ｍｇ，城市居民为４５７－９ｍｇ，农村居民为３７８－２ｍｇ，分别占我国营养学会推荐的每日膳食中钙供给量（ＲＤＡ）的４９－２％，５３－３％及４７－１％［１］。这是包括儿童在内的我国整体人群钙营养状况，这种低钙营养状况在儿童期尤为明显，我国成人钙摄入量达到推荐ＲＤＡ者约占１０％，儿童仅占３％～４％，不足成人的一半。我国居民每日摄入多少钙才能达到ＲＤＡ呢？初生至６个月４００ｍｇ，约５０～８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；７个月至２岁６００…     

每周一次补铁方案的基础研究及其临床应用

每周一次补铁方案的基础研究及其临床应用刘戍年新疆昌吉自治州人民医院在我国以及各发展中国家，铁缺乏症或缺铁性贫的防治主要依靠口服补充各种铁制剂。铁剂的用量，、般为每次１．５－２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，一日２～３次，总量为４．５～６ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ［１］。在近年来的实...     

听觉脑干反应和自动听觉脑干反应在新生儿中的应用经验

听觉脑干反应（ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙ　ｂｒａｉｎｓｔｅｍ　ｒｅ－ｓｐｏｕｓｅ：ＡＢＲ）作为脑干机能的评价方法，也作为听力的客观评价方法，在新生儿领域应用已久，但自动听觉脑干反应（Ａ－ＡＢＲ）在国内的应用尚未见报道。现将本人在日本福井县立病院进修期间对新生儿应用ＡＢＲ、Ａ－ＡＢＲ的经验总结如下：一、对象１９９８年３—９月ＮＩＣＵ的住院新生）Ｌ２６例（５２耳），其中超未熟儿６例，胎龄２７．１±１９．６周，出生体重８２８．９±１０５．２ｇ，低出生体重儿１３例，胎龄３３．９±２．２周，出生体重１９００．８±２…     

贾第虫病的化学治疗

将２９５例贾第虫病患儿分成四组，其中Ａ＿１组９２例，口服阿苯达唑每天１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，共服３天；Ａ＿２组９９例，口服阿苯达唑每天２Ｏｍｇ／ｋｇ，共服３天；Ｍ组５９例，口服甲硝唑每天２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，共服３天；Ｃ组４５例，暂缓治疗，以观察包囊自然阴转情况。结果表明：近与远期包囊阴转率Ａ＿１组为９１．３％与８４．８％，Ａ＿２组为９２．９％与９３．９％，Ｍ组为９４．９％与９６．６％；Ｃ组近与远期包囊自然阴转率为４．４％与１１．１％。提示阿苯达唑治疗小儿贾第虫病疗效显著，副反应轻微短暂。     

大鼠心肌β-肾上腺素受体发育的研究

目的探讨发育因素对大鼠心肌β肾上腺素受体的影响。方法 应用在结合、酶活性测定、测定不同年龄段Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠心肌β－ＡＲ密度、受体亚型、腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）活性和对β－ＡＲ激动剂－－异丙肾上腺素反应性以及低甲状腺素大鼠心肌β－ＡＲ密度。结果 大鼠出生时心肌β－ＡＲ密度平均为１４．３ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ（蛋白），成年后平均为３１．６ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ（蛋白）、心肌β－ＡＲ密度随年龄的增长而增加（Ｆ值为２３．４     

四种化疗药物诱导正常骨髓及白血病细胞株凋亡作用的比较

目的探讨化疗药物诱导正常骨髓及白血病细胞凋亡作用的差异。方法检测了临床常用４种药物作用后凋亡细胞出现的比例（形态学指标为ＡＰＯ％、流式细胞仪指标为ｓｕｂ－Ｇ１％）和细胞ＤＮＡ断裂（ｌａｄｄｅｒ）的变化。结果足叶乙甙、阿糖胞苷、长春新碱、柔红霉素作用４８小时，正常骨髓细胞ＡＰＯ％分别为１７．９％±４．６％、３０．５％±６．５％、１６．７％±４．２％、１２．３％±０．７％；ｓｕｂ－Ｇ１％分别为１０．５％±３．１％、２７．９％±４．７％、６．５％±１．５％、４．５％±１．５％、仅阿糖胞苷组有ｌａｄｄｅｒ出现。白血病细胞株ＡＰＯ％分别为８０．９％±８．４％、３８．１％±７．７％、５２．６％±９．３％、２４．２％±６．１％；ｓｕｂ－Ｇ１％分别为７３．４％±１２．７％、５９．８％±１０．１％、４７．６％±９．３％、２６．７％±６．８％，且都有ｌａｄｄｅｒ出现。结论化疗药物也能诱导正常骨髓细胞凋亡，但明显低于诱导白血病细胞凋亡的作用     

连续腰椎穿刺治疗八例严重新生儿脑室内出血的疗效评估

对８例生后早期经头颅Ｂ超诊断为ＩＩＩ级脑室内出血，并在短期内呈脑室进行性增大的新生儿进行了连续腰椎穿刺（Ｌｐ）治疗。有效６例，自动出院１例，失败１例。有效６例的初次Ｌｐ日龄为１１．２±２．１天，疗程２１．３±８．４天，Ｌｐ次数８．８±３．６次，Ｌｐ间隔期２．７±１．１天，放液量６．４±３．ｌｍｌ，治疗起效无数为１３．３±１０．９天。在出院后３～６个月的随访中，脑室呈正常形态４例，另２例稳定。失败的１例与Ｌｐ开始时间晚及间隔期太长有关。连续Ｌｐ不失为治疗新生儿严重脑室内出血仅有的一种安全、有效的方法。     

Effects of three different iron supplementations in term healthy infants after 5 months of life

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of iron on haematological status of breastfed infants. One hundred and thirteen infants were randomized into four groups at 5 months of age. Iron supplementation was given at doses of 1 mg/kg/day, 2 mg/kg/day, and 2 mg/kg/every other day in the first three study groups, respectively, and the last group received placebo. The hematological values, except hemoglobin, were higher in the group supplemented with iron at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, and ferritin values were statistically higher in the group supplemented with iron at a dose of 2 mg/kg/every other day than in the group supplemented with iron at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. We suggest that intermittent iron supplementation is more effective than a daily regimen in equal dosages.     

Ferrous and hemoglobin-59Fe absorption from supplemented cow milk in infants with normal and depleted iron stores

Small amounts of milk do inhibit ferrous iron absorption from a 5 mg ⁵⁹Fe²⁺ dose in 1- to 18-month-old infants. Only 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk reduced the absorption from 18±3% (X_a ± S.E.) to 3.8 ± 1.2% in infants with normal iron stores (inhibition index 0.21) and from 26±3% to 8.5±1.4% in infants with depleted iron stores (inhibition index 0.33%). Milk does not inhibit the biovailability of hemoglobin iron. From a 5 mg dose of hemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe added to 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk 4.8±1.0% were absorbed by infants with normal iron stores and 8.3±0.8% by infants with depleted iron stores. The low iron content of milk (50 μg Fe/100 ml) and its poor biovailability (～5% in infants with normal iron stores) would require a daily consumption of 32 l of unfortified milk to cover infants daily iron requirement of 0.8 mg/day. The supplementation of 2–3 milk meals per day with 5 mg hemoglobin iron each meets the whole iron requirement of infants with depleted and normal iron stores respectively and can be used for iron prophylaxis in infancy during the first and second year. Prophylaxis with inorganic iron requires an empty stomach and duodenum for optimal bioavailability. A daily dose of only 5 mg ferrous sulfate iron is enough to cover the total iron requirement of infants.     

Efficacy of twice weekly iron supplementation in anemic adolescent girls

Two hundred and forty four girls with different hemoglobin levels were selected, of which forty-one were non-anemic. The rest were graded as mildly, moderately or severely anemic and supplemented with 60 mg of iron daily or twice weekly for twelve weeks. There was no significant difference in the increase in hemoglobin levels between daily and twice weekly-supplemented subjects at the end of the study. Unpleasant side effects of supplementation were experienced by 57.8% of the daily supplemented subjects as against 5.9% of twice weekly-supplemented ones. Twice weekly supplementation could be recommended for overcoming anemia in adolescent girls.     

Iron availability from an infant formula supplemented with bovine lactoferrin

Iron balance studies were performed in 16 term infants from their 3rd until their 17th week of life. The balance studies were performed at home and comprised five periods with an interval of 3 to 4 weeks, each consisting of three 24-hour collections of milk and stool samples. Seven infants were fed an adapted infant formula supplemented with bovine lactoferrin (100 mg/100 ml) and nine received the same formula without lactoferrin. The lactoferrin supplemented group received 169 micrograms iron/kg b.w. x day and retained 63 micrograms/kg b.w. x day. The mean iron intake of infants fed with the adapted formula without supplementation of lactoferrin was 118 micrograms/kg b.w. x day. The retention of iron was 43 micrograms/kg b.w. x day. Mean percentage retention of iron in the supplemented group was 36%, in the non-supplemented group 28%.     

Iron Availability from an Infant Formula Supplemented with Bovine Lactoferrin

ABSTRACT. Iron balance studies were performed in 16 term infants from their 3rd until their 17th week of life. The balance studies were performed at home and comprised five periods with an interval of 3 to 4 weeks, each consisting of three 24-hour collections of milk and stool samples. Seven infants were fed an adapted infant formula supplemented with bovine lactoferrin (100 mg/100 ml) and nine received the same formula without lactoferrin. The lactoferrin supplemented group received 169 μg iron/kg b.w. × day and retained 63 μg/kg b.w. × day. The mean iron intake of infants fed with the adapted formula without supplementation of lactoferrin was 118 μg/kg b.w. × day. The retention of iron was 43 μg/kg b.w. × day. Mean percentage retention of iron in the supplemented group was 36%, in the non-supplemented group 28%.     

Iron supplementation of breast-fed Honduran and Swedish infants from 4 to 9 months of age

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the effects of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and iron status in 2 different populations. Study design: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, masked clinical trial, we assigned term Swedish (n = 101) and Honduran (n = 131) infants to 3 groups at 4 months of age: (1) iron supplements, 1 mg/kg/d, from 4 to 9 months, (2) placebo, 4 to 6 months and iron, 6 to 9 months, and (3) placebo, 4 to 9 months. All infants were breast-fed exclusively to 6 months and partially to 9 months. RESULTS: From 4 to 6 months, the effect of iron (group 1 vs 2 + 3) was significant and similar in both populations for hemoglobin, ferritin, and zinc protoporphyrin. From 6 to 9 months, the effect (group 2 vs group 3) was significant and similar at both sites for all iron status variables except hemoglobin, for which there was a significant effect only in Honduras. In Honduras, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia at 9 months was 29% in the placebo group and 9% in the supplemented groups. In Sweden, iron supplements caused no reduction in the already low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia at 9 months (<3%). CONCLUSION: Iron supplementation from 4 to 9 months or 6 to 9 months significantly reduced iron deficiency anemia in Honduran breast-fed infants. The unexpected hemoglobin response at 4 to 6 months in both populations suggests that regulation of hemoglobin synthesis is immature at this age.     

Iron-deficient erythropoiesis in neonatal rats.

Anemia in premature infants is extremely common. Precise quantitation of iron status and determination of iron incorporation into erythrocytes are important in monitoring therapy for anemia in premature infants, especially when treating with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). However, the traditional indices of the iron status have limited usefulness in this population. The goal of the current work is to develop an experimental animal model system that addresses the clinical issue relating to quantitation of iron delivery to erythrocytes. We first determined normal hematological values for nontreated, dam-suckled Sprague-Dawley rats by measuring markers of erythropoiesis and iron status during the first 12 postnatal days (PND). The experimental group of rats were administered parenteral rhEpo (430 IU.kg(-1). day(-1)) for 8 days (from PND 4 until PND 12) in the absence (rhEpo(-Fe)) or presence (rhEpo(+Fe)) of oral iron supplementation (6 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)). Rat pups receiving oral iron only (control(+Fe)) and pups that were sham fed with the orogastric tube (control(-Fe)) were included as controls. Hematological parameters were measured in blood and bone marrow. In a pattern similar to that seen in premature infants during the first 2 months of life, the levels of these hematopoietic markers were dynamic and changed during the first 12 PND. After challenging experimental animals with subcutaneous rhEpo, evidence of iron-deficient erythropoiesis was seen in the rhEpo(-Fe) group. Red blood cell levels and absolute reticulocyte counts were higher in both groups receiving rhEpo as compared with the controls. However, the rhEpo(-Fe) group experienced a lower hemoglobin level, a lower mean red cell volume, a greater red cell distribution width, and a higher zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ratio than the rhEpo(+Fe) group. The neonatal rat is an excellent model of iron-deficient erythropoiesis and will be useful in designing future mechanistic studies examining the interplay between iron and erythropoiesis in the anemic, iron-challenged premature neonate.     

Effects of iron therapy on infant blood lead levels

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of iron therapy on blood lead levels in infants with mildly elevated lead levels and varied iron status. METHODS: Infants from a community-derived sample in Costa Rica were categorized into five groups. Group 1 had iron-deficiency anemia with hemoglobin levels 相似文献   

Supplementation of milk with iron bound to lactoferrin using weanling mice: L. Effects on hematology and tissue iron

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein present in high concentrations in human milk. The efficacy of supplementing iron bound to lactoferrin to iron-deficient and iron-sufficient young mice was evaluated in comparison with supplementation of iron as iron chloride. Mice fed a nonsupplemented milk diet (approximately 1 mg Fe/L) for 4 weeks had a microcytic, hypochromic anemia and low tissue iron concentrations. Iron supplementation of the diet with lactoferrin-iron, or iron chloride at a level of 5 mg Fe/L prevented the anemia and resulted in tissue iron levels similar to levels found for mice fed a stock commercial diet. There was no significant difference in any of the parameters analyzed between the groups of mice receiving the two iron supplements following a diet deficient in iron. Apolactoferrin when supplemented to the diet had no negative effect on the iron status of the mice. These results show that lactoferrin may be a useful vehicle for supplementation of iron.