缬沙坦联合氨氯地平复方片剂对单药控制不良轻中度高血压控制效果研究

目的探讨缬沙坦/氨氯地平复方片剂对单药控制不良轻中度高血压的控制效果。方法 159例轻中度高血压患者按照服药方法分为氨氯地平组(n=53)、缬沙坦组(n=53)和复方片剂组(n=53),分别给予氨氯地平(5 mg/d,12周)、缬沙坦(80 mg/d,12周),而复方片剂组给予单用氨氯地平5 mg或缬沙坦80 mg治疗4周,110 mm Hg坐位舒张压≥90 mm Hg者给予缬沙坦/氨氯地平(80 mg∶5 mg)复方片剂,连续治疗8周。比较3组临床疗效。结果 (1)治疗结束后,3组收缩压均显著降低(P0.05),复方片剂组收缩压和空腹血糖水平显著低于氨氯地平组和缬沙坦组(P0.05),(2)3组不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论缬沙坦/氨氯地平复方片剂对血压控制率优于单药治疗,且具有良好的安全性。     

缬沙坦/氨氯地平片治疗老年高血压合并肾功能不全的疗效观察

目的观察缬沙坦/氨氯地平片治疗老年高血压合并肾功能不全的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 80例老年高血压合并肾功能不全患者根据受试者筛选入组顺序随机分为2组各40例,对照组口服缬沙坦/氢氯噻嗪片治疗,观察组口服缬沙坦/氨氯地平片治疗,两组疗程均为12周。比较两组治疗前后24 h平均收缩压(24 h m SBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 h m DBP)、白天平均收缩压(dm SBP)、白天平均舒张压(dm DBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nm SBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nm DBP)等血压指标及24 h收缩压标准差(24 h SSD)、24 h舒张压标准差(24 h DSD)、白天收缩压标准差(d SSD)、白天舒张压标准差(d DSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(n SSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(n DSD)等血压变异性指标,比较两组治疗前后血尿素氮(BUN)、Scr、24 h尿蛋白、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)等肾功能指标及药物不良反应发生率。结果两组治疗前血压及BPV比较无显著差异性(P>0.05),两组治疗后24 h m SBP、24 h m DBP、dm SBP、dm DBP、nm SBP、nm DBP等血压指标及24 h SSD、24 h DSD、d SSD、d DSD、n SSD、n DSD等BPV指标较治疗前明显降低(均P<0.05),且观察组较对照组降低更为显著(P<0.05);两组治疗前Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白及Ccr等肾功能指标比较无显著统计学差异(P>0.05),两组治疗后Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白明显降低(P<0.05),而Ccr明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组降低或升高更为显著(P<0.05);两组治疗期间药物不良反应发生率比较无显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论缬沙坦/氨氯地平片可明显改善老年高血压合并肾功能不全患者的肾功能,还可减少血压变异性,且安全性较高,值得临床广泛应用。     

缬沙坦／氨氯地平和依贝沙坦／双氢克尿噻联合治疗老龄高血压疗效的研究

目的 比较缬沙坦/氨氯地平和依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻两种联合用药对老龄高血压患者的疗效.方法 经过4周药物洗刷期,94例老龄高血压患者被随机分为缬沙坦160 mg/氨氯地平5 mg和依贝沙坦300 mg/双氢克尿噻12.5 mg两组,治疗周期为24周,对于药物治疗4周后无反应的患者氨氯地平或双氧克尿噻加倍剂量给药.观察期间测定卧位、坐位及立位血压（收缩压和舒张压）和心率,治疗结束后并测定尿酸和血钾数值.结果 用药后两组各自的血压值均明显下降（氨氯地平和双氢克尿噻剂量加倍者分别为9例和11例）,但两组间的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,从卧位到站立血压下降在依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻组中比缬沙坦/氨氯地平组更明显,分别为-17.2/-9.1 mmHg和-10.1/-1.9mmHg（SBP：t=2.14,P＜0.05,DBP：t=3.11,P＜0.01）.在依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻组中,相对治疗前血钾水平明显降低（-0.4 mmol/L,t=2.33,P＜0.05）,尿酸明显升高（＋29.7 μmol/L,t=2.54,P＜0.05）.结论 两组药物均能显著降低老龄患者的高血压状况,但缬沙坦/氨氯地平组在对由体位改变引起的血压变化情况影响较小,且有较少的代谢副作用.     

缬沙坦氨氯地平片对原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律及生活质量的影响

目的观察缬沙坦氨氯地平片对原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律及生活质量的影响。方法 87例原发性高血压患者随机分为2组,对照组(n=42例)采用缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片(倍博特)治疗,观察组(n=45例)则采用缬沙坦氨氯地平片(复方代文)治疗。比较两组治疗前后动态血压相关指标、血压昼夜节律逆转、生活质量及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗后24h平均收缩压(24h SBP)、24h平均舒张压(24h DBP);白昼平均收缩压(dSBP)、白昼平均舒张压(dDBP);夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)等动态血压指标明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),但治疗后对照组与观察组上述指标比较无显著差异性(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后白昼收缩压、舒张压变异性(dSSD、dDSD)和夜间收缩压、舒张压变异性(nSSD、nDSD)等指标均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组下降较对照组更为显著(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前血压昼夜节律异常者发生率比较无显著差异性(P>0.05),观察组患者治疗后血压昼夜节律逆转者例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后生活质量评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组升高更为显著(P<0.05);两组面部潮红、轻微头痛、心跳加快等不良反应发生率比较无显著差异性(P>0.05)。结论缬沙坦氨氯地平片可明显改善原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律、变异性,并显著提高患者的生活质量。     

缬沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对老年高血压患者中心动脉压的影响

目的比较缬沙坦分别联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对老年高血压患者中心动脉压(CAP)的影响。方法治疗或未经治疗的老年高血压患者,全部给予缬沙坦单药80mg,1/d,治疗12周,如患者SBP≥140mmHg或(和)DBP≥90mmHg则在原治疗基础上加用氨氯地平5mg(n=60)或氢氯噻嗪25mg(n=61),1/d,持续24周治疗,共计121人,年龄60～81岁,平均68±9.1岁;前后分别测定CAP以及外周血压(肱动脉血压),踝臂脉搏波速度(baPWV)等。结果在调整基线变量后氨氯地平/缬沙坦组CAP降幅显著大于氢氯噻嗪/缬沙坦组(组间差4.5mmHg;95%CI:0.3～10.5mmHg;P=0.03),两组肱动脉SBP降幅却无显著差异(组间差2.7mmHg;95%CI:-2.2～7.6mmHg;P=0.28),在调整平均动脉压(MAP)后氨氯地平/缬沙坦组baPWV降幅显著大于氢氯噻嗪/缬沙坦组(组间差1.3m/s;95%CI:0.8～1.8m/s;P0.001)。结论尽管氨氯地平/缬沙坦组与氢氯噻嗪/缬沙坦组对于降低外周SBP的效应无大差异,但前者降低中心动脉压、改善动脉僵硬度的作用显著大于后者,氨氯地平与缬沙坦的组合可能更有利于降低心血管事件的发生。     

缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗高血压病的疗效观察

目的观察缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗重度高血压病的降压效果及耐受性。方法选择重度高血压患者(坐位舒张压≥110mmHg)。所有入选病例停药1周并给予安慰剂服用1周后,仍符合入选条件者服用缬沙坦80mg／d;于4周末坐位舒张压≥90mmHg者加用苯那普利10mg／d,继续用药4周。在治疗前及治疗中监测血压、心率,每周一次并记录出现的不良反应。结果共入选病例82例,完成8周观察者78例。4周末SBP／DBP下降19.2±8.1／13.5±6.3mmHg,总有效率20.5％;8周末联合用药组SBP／DBP下降35.2±12.1／24.5±11.1mmHg,总有效率82.3％。最终单用缬沙坦组16例,联合用药组62例。缬沙坦组治疗前后心率无明显变化,联合用药组治疗后心率较治疗前略有增加。结论缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗重度高血压疗效确切。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平对老年高血压患者血压变异性和内皮功能的影响

目的探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平对老年高血压患者血压变异性和内皮功能的影响。方法收集2012年11月至2016年5月在陕西省渭南市第二医院治疗的174例老年高血压患者,随机分为对照组(88例)和联合治疗组(86例)。对照组给予氨氯地平治疗,联合治疗组在对照组的基础上加用贝那普利治疗。比较两组治疗前后血压水平、血压变异性指标及内皮功能指标的变化。使用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行数据的处理,组间比较用t检验。结果治疗前,两组患者血压水平、血压变异性指标及内皮功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者24 h平均收缩压(24 h SBP),24 h平均舒张压(24 h DBP)、白天平均舒张压(d DBP)、白天平均收缩压(d SBP)、夜间平均舒张压(n DBP)和夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)均明显改善;联合治疗组治疗后24 h SBP、d SBP和n SBP均低于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组24 h舒张压变异性(24 h DBPV)、24 h收缩压变异性(24 h SBPV)、白天舒张压变异性(d DBPV)和白天收缩压变异性(d SBPV)均明显低于本组治疗前,且联合治疗组治疗后24 h SBPV、24 h DBPV、d SBPV和d DBPV均明显低于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后可溶性细胞间黏附因子(SICAM-1)、内皮素(ET-1)和血清一氧化氮(NO)均较本组治疗前改善,且联合治疗组的改善幅度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗老年高血压,可改善患者的血压、血压变异性以及血管内皮功能。     

依那普利联合氨氯地平对60～80岁高血压病患者血压水平及不良反应的影响

目的 分析依那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压病患者血压水平及不良反应的影响。方法 选取2017年2月—2019年2月于我院就诊的82例高血压患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各41例,对照组采用氨氯地平治疗,观察组予以依那普利联合氨氯地平治疗,比较两组临床疗效、血压水平及不良反应。结果 观察组总有效率为97.56%高于对照的80.49%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组血压水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗后收缩压为(130.05±7.24)mmHg、24 h动态收缩压为(130.23±5.14)mmHg、舒张压为(80.47±4.38)mmHg、24 h动态舒张压为(80.11±3.54)mmHg低于对照组的(144.34±8.01)mmHg、(138.14±6.22)mmHg、(91.84±6.31)mmHg、(88.76±4.35)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为14.63%,观察组不良反应发生率为12.20%,两组对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 依那普利与氨氯地平联合应用于高血压患者中效果确切,可有效提高治疗效果,调节血压水平,且无严重不良反应发生,安全可靠,值得广泛应用。     

缬沙坦氨氯地平片治疗高血压有效性和安全性的系统评价

目的 系统评价缬沙坦氨氯地平片(倍博特)治疗高血压的有效性和安全性.方法 采用循证医学的方法,将国内外符合纳入标准的12项(共计2 796例患者)关于倍博特治疗高血压的随机对照试验进行Meta分析.采用收缩压、舒张压、24 h平均血压、临床疗效以及不良反应率作为结局指标判定治疗效果.运用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 Meta分析结果显示倍博特的临床疗效优于氨氯地平组(OR=3.36,95％ CI:2.17～5.19,P＜0.001)、缬沙坦80 mg组(OR =3.19,95％ CI:2.40 ～4.24,P＜0.001)和缬沙坦160 mg组(OR=1.61,95％ CI:1.12 ～2.32,P=0.010);倍博特组患者不良反应的发生率低于氨氯地平组(OR=0.45,95％ CI:0.27～0.74,P＜0.001),而倍博特组与缬沙坦80 mg组及160 mg组不良反应的发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 倍博特治疗高血压的效果优于对照组,且具有较好的安全性.     

缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗高血压病的疗效观察

目的观察缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗重度高血压病的降压效果及耐受性.方法选择重度高血压患者(坐位舒张压≥110mmHg).所有入选病例停药1周并给予安慰剂服用1周后,仍符合入选条件者服用缬沙坦80mg/d;于4周末坐位舒张压≥90mmHg者加用苯那普利10mg/d,继续用药4周.在治疗前及治疗中监测血压、心率,每周一次并记录出现的不良反应.结果共入选病例82例,完成8周观察者78例.4周末SBP/DBP下降19.2±8.1/13.5±6.3mmHg,总有效率20.5%;8周末联合用药组SBP/DBP下降35.2±12.1/24.5±11.1mmHg,总有效率82.3%.最终单用缬沙坦组16例,联合用药组62例.缬沙坦组治疗前后心率无明显变化,联合用药组治疗后心率较治疗前略有增加.结论缬沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗重度高血压疗效确切.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.