DNA甲基化与皮肤肿瘤的研究进展

DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的重要内容之一,该DNA修饰方式在不改变基因序列的前提下实现对基因表达的调控.多项研究证实,DNA甲基化异常与黑素瘤、皮肤基底细胞癌、皮肤鳞状细胞癌、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的发生密切相关,而DNA甲基化检测技术为检测DNA甲基化提供技术平台.通过甲基化检测技术分析基因异常甲基化已成为当前皮肤肿瘤早期诊断、治疗、预后评估等的方向.     

微小核糖核酸在皮肤肿瘤的研究进展

已有研究证实,miRNA参与恶性黑素瘤的发生,是诊断和治疗的新靶目标.近年研究发现,miRNA的调节异常已经成为基底细胞癌、皮肤鳞状细胞癌发病机制的一条重要途径;而且miRNA在其他皮肤肿瘤(蕈样肉芽肿、Merkel细胞癌)组织中的表达水平有不同程度的上调或下调,是这些肿瘤发生发展的影响因素.病毒编码的miRNA调节病毒基因的表达,参与病毒相关性皮肤肿瘤的发生.     

皮肤鳞状上皮细胞肿瘤中p53蛋白的表达

基因突变在肿瘤的发病机制中起着重要作用。ｐ５３基因有２种类型，野生型和突变型。为了探讨ｐ５３基因突变与皮肤鳞状上皮细胞肿瘤发生、发展的关系，本研究采用一种新的免疫组化技术标记的链霉亲和素－生物素连接系统对２９例皮肤鳞状上皮细胞肿瘤皮损进行免疫组化研究。结果３／６例日光性角化ｐ５３染色阳性，ｐ５３阳性细胞局限于表皮基底部位非典型细胞增生区域。６／１０例Ｂｏｗｅｎ病和８／１３例鳞状细胞癌ｐ５３染色阳性     

基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌中转化生长因子βⅠ型和Ⅱ型受体表达

目的探讨转化生长因子β(TGFβ)受体在基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌中表达水平的变化及其意义。方法采用实时定量PCR和SP免疫组化技术分别检测基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌及正常人对照皮肤中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型TGFβ受体(TGFβRⅠ,TGFβRⅡ)mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果对18例基底细胞癌、24例鳞状细胞癌患者的皮损及正常人对照皮肤的研究显示,基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌皮损TGFβRⅠ和TGFβRⅡ的mRNA表达水平均显著低于正常人对照皮肤。免疫组化试验结果显示;TGFβRⅠ染色强度在基底细胞癌组、鳞状细胞癌组较正常人对照皮肤组显著降低(P<0.001);TGFβRⅡ在二组表皮肿瘤与正常人对照皮肤组问表达差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌中TGFβ受体表达下调可能有助于这些上皮细胞起源的表皮肿瘤的形成。     

PTEN基因与皮肤肿瘤

皮肤肿瘤是一类最常见的肿瘤,在引起皮肤肿瘤发生的诸多原因中,紫外线照射是主要影响因素之一。PTEN是近年来研究较多的一个肿瘤抑制基因,位于染色体10q23,3。目前研究证实,PTEN在多种皮肤肿瘤,如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤中都起着抑制基因的作用,发现在皮肤肿瘤形成过程中,紫外线照射可引起PTEN失活,对肿瘤的形成可能起着促进的作用。     

PTEN基因与皮肤肿瘤

皮肤肿瘤是一类最常见的肿瘤,在引起皮肤肿瘤发生的诸多原因中,紫外线照射是主要影响因素之一。PTEN是近年来研究较多的一个肿瘤抑制基因,位于染色体10q23,3。目前研究证实,PTEN在多种皮肤肿瘤,如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤中都起着抑制基因的作用,发现在皮肤肿瘤形成过程中,紫外线照射可引起PTEN失活,对肿瘤的形成可能起着促进的作用。     

PTEN基因与皮肤肿瘤

皮肤肿瘤是一类最常见的肿瘤,在引起皮肤肿瘤发生的诸多原因中,紫外线照射是主要影响因素之一。PTEN是近年来研究较多的一个肿瘤抑制基因,位于染色体10q23,3。目前研究证实,PTEN在多种皮肤肿瘤,如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤中都起着抑制基因的作用,发现在皮肤肿瘤形成过程中,紫外线照射可引起PTEN失活,对肿瘤...     

p53、Gadd45α蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌中的表达

目的:检测p53和Gadd45α蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌组织中的表达.方法:应用免疫组化法对30例皮肤鳞状细胞癌和25例基底细胞癌组织中的p53和Gadd45α蛋白表达进行检测.结果:p53蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为56.67%、48%,与正常皮肤组织比较差异均有显著性(P=0.006;0.025);Gadd45α在皮肤鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌中表达分别为43.33%、52%,均高于正常皮肤组织的表达(P=0.031;0.010).高分化皮肤鳞状细胞癌组阳性表达率为75%,高于中低分化组的22.22%(P=0.008).结论:皮肤鳞状细胞癌和基底细胞癌组织中p53、Gadd45α异常表达可能参与了发病过程.     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌,基底细胞癌,恶性黑素瘤449例统计分析

皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤４４９例统计分析孙桂珍，张宗琴，朱晓琳，蓝毓滨，李春梅，宁晓明皮肤鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ），基底细胞癌（ＢＣＣ），恶性黑素瘤（ＭＭ）是皮肤科常见的恶性肿瘤，我们统计了１９７８年１月～１９９２年１２月（１９９０年末统计...     

CD163~+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在常见上皮性皮肤肿瘤中的分布

目的:检测CD163+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、鲍温病、日光性角化病中的分布。方法:采用免疫组织化学法(Max Vision法)检测CD163标记的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在正常皮肤、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、鲍温病、日光性角化病中的分布。结果:每高倍镜视野下正常皮肤、鲍温病、日光性角化病真皮浅层中CD163+巨噬细胞个数为(9.5000±1.71594)、(43.9200±9.98716)和(49.4000±8.73830)个;基底细胞癌肿瘤间质中为(42.1724 1±11.73234),鳞状细胞癌的肿瘤间质中及肿瘤实质内为(65.8421±14.05649)。结论:CD163+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可能与皮肤上皮性肿瘤的发生、发展相关。     

E-钙黏蛋白与皮肤鳞状细胞癌

E-钙黏着蛋白是介导上皮细胞间粘连的最重要的一种钙依赖性的细胞黏附分子.近年来研究发现E-钙黏着蛋白异常表达与多种上皮恶性肿瘤的分化、浸润生长、转移和预后有着密切的关系.研究E-钙黏着蛋白的结构功能、在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用机制、与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的相关性及临床意义,以期对皮肤鳞状细胞癌的早期诊断、治疗选择和预后预测提供一定依据.     

Mohs micrographic surgery in rare cutaneous tumors: a retrospective study at a Brazilian tertiary university hospital

BackgroundMohs micrographic surgery is an established technique in the treatment of cutaneous neoplasms. It offers higher cure rates and the main indications are non-melanoma malignant skin tumors. Few studies have been performed on the treatment of rare tumors through this technique.ObjectiveTo study rare skin tumors and rare variants of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma submitted to Mohs micrographic surgery in a tertiary service in relation to frequency, disease-free evolution, and applicability of this surgical procedure for this group of tumors.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study including rare skin tumors and less common variants of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma treated using Mohs micrographic surgery, between October 2008 and April 2021.ResultsDuring the study period, 437 tumors were treated using Mohs micrographic surgery, and 22 (5%) rare skin tumors were selected. The tumors comprised three dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans, two atypical fibroxanthomas, two spiradenomas, two hypercellular fibrohistiocytomas, one primary cutaneous adenocarcinoma, one trichoblastoma, one porocarcinoma, one chondroid syringoma, one cutaneous angiosarcoma, one Merkel cell carcinoma, and one sebaceous carcinoma. Six other cases of rare basal cell carcinoma variants with trichoepitheliomatous differentiation, metatypical basal cell carcinoma, and clear cell squamous cell carcinoma were included. There were no cases of recurrence after an average of six years of follow-up.Study limitationsThis is a retrospective study on rare neoplasms carried out in a single referral center, and this surgical technique isn’t widely available in the public service.ConclusionThis retrospective case series showed that Mohs micrographic surgery is an appropriate treatment for rare skin tumors. They corresponded to 5% of the tumors treated by the technique during a 12-year-period, with no recurrences identified.     

光线性角化病向鳞状细胞癌转化的分子机制研究进展

光线性角化病（AK）是皮肤鳞状细胞癌（SCC）的癌前病变,AK向SCC转化的分子机制一直是研究热点,但尚未完全清楚。围绕染色体变异、基因突变、信号通路和其他因子机制4个部分,概述了染色体3p、9p、9q、13q、17p和17q基因选择性突变、18q杂合性缺失,p53、p16和Ras基因突变,转化生长因子β1信号通路、Fas/FasL信号通路活性异常,及基质金属蛋白酶因子异常表达在AK向SCC进展中的机制研究进展,为进一步研究提供参考。     

头颈部皮肤鳞状细胞癌的外科治疗进展

皮肤鳞状细胞癌多发生于头颈部,由于头颈部的淋巴管引流通路丰富且变化较多,易发生颈淋巴结和腮腺的转移,因此,主要的治疗方法为手术切除和（或）加术后放疗.肿瘤巨大向深部组织侵袭易使周围神经受累.腮腺和颈部淋巴结肿大和免疫抑制等提示预后不良.术前前哨淋巴结活检和选择性淋巴结清扫有助头颈部鳞状细胞癌分期、判断预后和后续治疗,提高患者生存率.     

Mohs micrographic surgery: a review of indications,technique, outcomes,and considerations

Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialized form of skin cancer surgery that has the highest cure rates for several cutaneous malignancies. Certain skin cancers can have small extensions or “roots” that may be missed if an excised tumor is serially cross-sectioned in a “bread-loaf” fashion, commonly performed on excision specimens. The method of Mohs micrographic surgery is unique in that the dermatologist (Mohs surgeon) acts as both surgeon and pathologist, from the preoperative considerations until the reconstruction. Since Dr. Mohs’s initial work in the 1930s, the practice of Mohs micrographic surgery has become increasingly widespread among the dermatologic surgery community worldwide and is considered the treatment of choice for many common and uncommon cutaneous neoplasms. Mohs micrographic surgery spares the maximal amount of normal tissue and is a safe procedure with very few complications, most of them managed by Mohs surgeons in their offices. Mohs micrographic surgery is the standard of care for high risks basal cell carcinomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and is commonly and increasingly used for melanoma and other rare tumors with superior cure rates. This review better familiarizes the dermatologists with the technique, explains the difference between Mohs micrographic surgery and wide local excision, and discusses its main indications.     

CXCR7在常见皮肤恶性肿瘤及其细胞株中的表达及意义

目的 探讨趋化因子受体CXCR7在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株中的表达及其意义。方法 收集30例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、25例基底细胞癌、30例皮肤黑素瘤的癌组织,采用免疫组织化学方法,检测CXCR7蛋白表达水平。采用RT-PCR、细胞免疫组化方法检测CXCR7在A375、M14、A431、HaCaT细胞株中mRNA及蛋白水平。结果 CXCR7在侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤中表达明显,高表达率为80%（24/30）,皮肤鳞状细胞癌及基底细胞癌分别为26.67%（8/30）、8%（2/25）;皮肤黑素瘤CXCR7高表达率与鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为17.16和28.36,P值均 < 0.05）。CXCR7 mRNA在A375、M14、A431细胞株中均可检出,其中A375表达最强,而HaCaT细胞不表达;细胞免疫组化显示,仅在A375细胞见棕黄色颗粒着色。结论 皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株A375高表达CXCR7,其可能参与了其恶性侵袭与转移。     

MicroRNA-21在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的研究现状

MicroRNAs是一类能够调控真核细胞生物基因表达的小RNA,已被证实在多种肿瘤中表达失调.MiR-21是目前研究最为广泛的microRNA,几乎在所有实体肿瘤中高表达,最近发现在皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）中microRNA的表达也有异常.MiR-21通过调控靶基因改变肿瘤细胞侵袭作用,其靶基因主要包括PTEN、PDCD4、RECK等.本文主要介绍了MiR-21在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的研究现状.     

Invasive head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and histopathological characteristics,frequency of local recurrence and metastasis

BACKGROUND

squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin malignancy and may evolve to regional lymph node and distant metastases.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to identify its clinical and histopathological characteristics, as well as the frequency of local recurrence and metastasis.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort of patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Inclusion criteria: histopathological confirmation, follow-up for longer than one year after diagnosis. Exclusion criteria: immunosuppression; lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma; and non-surgical resection of the lesion. We evaluated demographic, clinical and anatomopathologic findings and explored their associations.

RESULTS

Sixty-one patients with 79 tumors and followed by 4.8±3.0 years were selected. The average age was 67.1 years, and 63% of tumors had up to two centimeters. Seven tumors (8.9%) recurred and two of them had positive margins. Recurrence was associated with higher Broders'' grade (p<0.01). Two patients (3.3%) had regional lymph node metastases. There were no distant metastases. Seventy tumors were considered to be usual tumors (89.7%), and 68 (87.2%) were classified as Broders'' grade 1 and 2. Additionally, 64.1% of tumors had a depth of invasion below four millimeters. Thirteen tumors (16.7%) had positive histological margins.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients had good prognosis in the first year of follow-up, confirming that head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a better prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma of other regions such as mucosa, oral cavity, and internal organs.     

β人乳头瘤病毒与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的相关性研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒根据侵犯部位的不同可分为黏膜型和皮肤型.皮肤型人乳头瘤病毒多为β人乳头瘤病毒,其与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的相关性尚有争议.近年来随着皮肤鳞状细胞癌发病率的增加,其发病机制及β人乳头瘤病毒与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的病因学关系引起了重视.流行病学资料显示,β人乳头瘤病毒与皮肤鳞状细胞癌相关,但是也有部分证据不支持.随着研究的深入,有研究指出,β人乳头瘤病毒可能作为协同致癌因子诱导皮肤鳞状细胞癌的产生,但不参与肿瘤的维持发展过程.     

Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的探讨Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测Jagged1蛋白在银屑病、基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌皮损中的表达。结果 Jagged1蛋白在寻常性银屑病患者皮损中呈阴性表达,在基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达较正常人皮肤增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Jagged1蛋白在基底细胞癌及皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达较银屑病增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Jagged1蛋白在银屑病发病机制中与角质形成细胞异常增生及真皮乳头血管增生等组织病理变化可能不相关,提示此蛋白可能与皮肤恶性肿瘤的异常增生有关。